Terrible! In the past 4 years, 11 cases have been confirmed in the country, how to prevent plague? I

I think it's okay to spray rat poison inside your home, not to touch the rats, and to wear a mask** is also effective, but the whole process is painful.

The prevention of plague is mainly to do a good job of personal hygiene**, which is definitely effective, early detection **, early effectiveness.

Prevention is carried out by managing the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting the susceptible population. To be vaccinated, the epidemic period and the surrounding area are susceptible, the population should strengthen personal protection, when it is found that people with suspected plague are found, they should be reported immediately, so as to achieve early detection, early isolation, and early diagnosis, this is possible.

The plague "is terrible, but it can be **, there is no need to panic." You need to be vigilant and pay attention to your own protection.

I think the plague is still very scary, after all, it is still a class A infectious disease; We must heighten our vigilance and not take it lightly.

With the development of society and economic progress in life, there are more and more diseases discovered, so the plague can be said to be heard in some TV dramas or in our lives. Then the plague can be said to be very terrible, and if one person is infected, it is very likely that an entire village or an entire city will fall into such a disease. So Yinchuan is confirmed to have an imported case of plague, so today we are going to talk about how to prevent plague at its root.

Reducing one's range of motion is first of all to reduce the possibility of people being infected, that is, when sleeping, you must disinfect your quilt or your own sheets. Because sometimes the bite of some fleas or the contact of some insects can infect people with plague, then this also means that people need to reduce their activities. Do not go to some epidemic attractions to travel or activities, and when you come into contact with rats or some reptiles, you must be vigilant and do not have some physical contact with them.

Do not have close contact with these sick people, and secondly, if you find that there are people around you or in your area who are infected with plague, you should also avoid close contact with these sick people with plague. What we need to know is that when we come into contact with people who are infected with the plague, there is a certain probability that we will be infected. And when you come into contact with these patients, you must keep a corresponding distance from these patients, at least one meter or more.

In addition, it is important to wear a mask and wash your hands frequently, which can greatly reduce the probability of contracting the plague.

Take certain prevention and control measures, which means that the local area must take prevention and control measures, that is, take some anti-flea and mouse sprays, and use some removal sprays or some mosquito repellent in life to get rid of some fleas. Because these flea markets are likely to carry some viruses as well, and if you have been to some epidemic areas, you should insist on taking some temperature checks in your home every day. If you have a fever or coughing up blood, you must go to the hospital and report it to the doctor.

First of all, do not hunt the source of the epidemic animals privately, secondly, if you find a suspected plague patient, you should report it, and then report it in time for patients with unexplained high fever and sudden death, so as to prevent plague from the root.

Strictly control the source of infection, if a suspected or confirmed patient is found, immediately report the epidemic according to the emergency** and the network, eliminate the animal source of infection, and carry out epidemic surveillance for plague among gophers in natural foci. Control of plague among rodents.

Generally speaking, the plague can be prevented at the root by disinfecting the environment and getting rid of the rodent infestation.

Do not hunt wild animals without permission, do a good job of personal protection, do not go to some hidden places, keep a distance from family and friends when you have symptoms, and go to the hospital in time.

First of all, we should stay away from some rats, and secondly, we should also pay attention to our diet, we should pay attention to hygiene in normal times, and we should also disinfect when doing things.

The plague has had three major outbreaks in history.

The first originated in 542 AD.

The Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire broke out under the rule of Justinian the Great. That's right, it's the one who did the "Encyclopedia of National Law".

At the peak of the plague's spread, 5,000 to 10,000 people died every day, with a total death toll of more than 200,000, nearly destroying Constantinople and spreading from there to Western Europe, where it ravaged the Mediterranean for two centuries. The plague, which originated in 542 AD, was called the "Plague of Justinian", and its epidemic killed 1 5 percent of the population of southern Europe, after it.

There have been several more epidemics in the past 50 to 60 years, with an estimated total death toll of 100 million.

The second, which originated in the Middle Ages and lasted for hundreds of years. It was this horror that established the terrifying name of the plague "Black Death".

1348 In 1351, it spread rapidly in Europe, and the patients died within 3 5 days, and the number of deaths in 3 years reached 62 million (some say 30 million), and the population of Europe decreased by nearly 1 4, including 70 percent in Venice, 58 percent in England, and 3 4 in France. Between 1350 and 1400, the life expectancy of Europeans shortened from 30 years to just 20 years. Until the end of the 16th century, plague epidemics peaked in Europe every 10 years.

Throughout the century, the plague remained the number one threat to the lives of Europeans, killing at least 25 million people.

In 1664 and 1665, there was another plague epidemic in London, and it was in this epidemic that the plague was named the "Black Death" ().

The third time came to China.

In 1894, the plague outbreak in Hong Kong reached its peak in the thirties of the 20th century, affecting more than 60 countries in Asia, Europe, the Americas, Africa and Australia, killing more than 10 million people. Among them, India is the worst, with more than 1.02 million deaths in 20 years. The outbreak was mostly distributed in coastal cities and densely populated residential areas near them, and the epidemic spread quickly and widely, far exceeding the previous two pandemics.

Two days ago, a case of plague was confirmed in Inner Mongolia, and everyone was a little panicked when they saw the word "rat" and then thought that there seemed to be rats around them. So, what exactly is the plague, and how much disaster has it brought to mankind? Today we will tell them one by one.

Yersinia pestis is a bacterial infectious disease, there were no effective antibiotics in ancient times, so it is terrible, and now there are many corresponding antibiotics**, as long as it is found in time, the **rate is very high, and it is not so terrible.

Today, the plague is rare, but it has not disappeared completely, as it still spreads among rodents and to humans when the opportunity arises.

Organized modern society and a sufficient amount of antimicrobials (which are not expensive in our country) can avoid large-scale human-to-human transmission of pneumonic plague.

Dr. Lilac.

Plague can be cured, and the widespread use of antibiotics has reduced the case fatality rate of plague to 5%-10%. However, for some special types of plague, such as septicemia plague, which is also an outbreak of plague, is the most dangerous type, with a very high case fatality rate, commonly known as the "Black Death", these patients have a certain case fatality rate.

First, the first method of plague

1. If a patient with plague is found or confirmed, he should be isolated on the spot immediately, and early detection, early diagnosis, and early isolation should be achieved, and treatment during the epidemic period should be carried out.

2. **On the main symptom**. In the acute phase, bed rest should be maintained, good calories should be maintained**, adequate fluids should be supplemented, and for patients with high fever, fever-reducing drugs can be appropriately used, and sedatives can be used for patients with obvious irritability and pain.

3. For patients with severe poisoning symptoms, glucocorticoids can be used for a short time. During the use of glucocorticoids, antibiotics should be used in a standardized manner, and effective antibiotics such as tetracyclines must be used. If there is significant dyspnea or circulatory collapse, it should be symptomatic**.

2. Pathogen**

1. Streptomycin is a specific drug for various types of plague. Streptomycin can be used in combination with sulfonamides or tetracyclines to improve efficacy.

2. Use sedative analgesics for symptomatic ** irritability or pain. Pay attention to protect cardiopulmonary function, and if you have heart failure or shock, you should strengthen your heart and anti-shock in time**.

3. Heparin anticoagulation is used for patients with DIC**; Adrenocorticosteroids can be used appropriately in severe cases of toxicity. For bubonic plague lymphadenopathy, moist heat compress or infrared irradiation can be used, and it should not be cut before suppuration, so as not to cause systemic dissemination.

3. Symptoms of plague

1. After a person is infected, if it is infected by **, that is, rat-flea bites**, the first thing that appears is bubonic plague, that is, the swelling of lymph nodes, and the patient will have fever, swollen lymph nodes, and the pain is particularly obvious.

2. If bubonic plague develops further, it may be followed by pneumonic plague, which mainly manifests symptoms such as fever, cough, massive hemoptysis, chest pain, and severe death from respiratory failure.

Plague can be **, the application of antibiotics, so that the case fatality rate of plague reduced to 5%-10%, ** can be divided into:

First, the pathogen **, early antibiotics, specific can be used gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and streptomycin.

Second, symptomatic**, in the acute stage, bed rest should be taken, a liquid diet should be taken to ensure calories, adequate fluid replenishment, sedatives and analgesics should be used for irritability and local pain, and adrenocorticosteroids should be used for severe poisoning symptoms. Pneumonic plague, plague sepsis should be given oxygen, shock patients should be anti-shock in time, etc.

So so**.

Strictly isolated in an isolation hospital or isolation ward, the ward must be free of rats and fleas. Hygiene (changing clothes, flea control and disinfection) should be done upon admission. Wards and rooms should be disinfected regularly, and patients' excreta and secretions should be thoroughly disinfected with bleaching powder or lysus solution.

When nursing and treating patients, staff should wear "five tight" protective clothing, cotton gauze masks, high rubber shoes, thin rubber gloves and protective glasses.

Drugs**. The principle is early, combined, adequate, and sensitive antimicrobial use.

1.Streptomycin is the first specific drug for various types of plague. Doses should be increased in severe cases. Streptomycin can be used in combination with sulfonamides or tetracyclines to improve efficacy.

2.Gentamicin is given intravenous drops in divided doses.

3.Tetracycline and chloramphenicol should be used in larger amounts for the first 2 days. Intravenous drip when oral administration is not possible; After the fever subsides, it is changed to oral administration.

4.Sulfonamides should be used for mild cases and bubonic plague, and should be taken with the same amount of sodium bicarbonate; Intravenous drip when it cannot be taken orally, normal body temperature 3 to 5 days after stopping the drug.

5.Dipyrimidine or cotrimoxazole.

6.-Lactams and quinolones Yersinia pestis have been reported to have the best sensitivity to -lactams, followed by quinolones and aminoglycosides, and macrolides are poor. However, whether these antibiotics can completely replace streptomycin needs to be further validated.

Other**. 1.Hygiene (changing clothes, flea control and disinfection) should be done upon admission. Wards and rooms should be disinfected regularly, and patients' excreta and secretions should be thoroughly disinfected with bleaching powder or lysus solution.

When nursing and treating patients, staff should wear "five tight" protective clothing, cotton gauze masks, high rubber shoes, thin rubber gloves and protective glasses.

2.Diet and rehydration, in the acute stage, a liquid diet should be given, and adequate fluids, or glucose, normal saline intravenous infusion, to facilitate the excretion of toxins.

The plague eats 2 pieces of bean curd, because the bean curd is particularly anti-inflammatory and stops bleeding.

The plague hazard is that it can cause death. Plague is transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes and fleas. At present, there is only one case of plague in our country and it has been controlled.

In general, plague can cause high fever and severe bleeding tendency in patients, with a high mortality rate and is very contagious, and it is a class A virulent infectious disease. Therefore, we must pay attention to it and take precautions. Plague is characterized by severe symptoms, high fatality rate, and strong contagiousness.

In the following, the author will explain the plague from the three perspectives of pathogenicity, infectivity and how to prevent it.

Clause. 1. Plague is highly pathogenic: Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis. Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative bacterium.

Yersinia pestis has three characteristics: first, it is highly virulent, second, it can elicit a broad immune response, and finally, it is not easily killed by antibiotics. When Yersinia pestisis enters the body, it first colonizes the lymph nodes, which is why the first symptom of plague infection is swollen lymph nodes.

After colonization of lymph nodes, their offspring and toxins spread throughout the body along with the lymphatic circulation, causing a severe inflammatory response throughout the body. Under the severe inflammatory reaction, patients will have symptoms such as high fever, coughing up blood, and bleeding from the fundus. Symptoms are severe and fatal.

It can be seen that plague is very pathogenic.

Clause. 2. Plague is highly contagious: Plague is mainly transmitted through biological vectors, such as mosquitoes and fleas. Even lice can spread plague by sucking rat blood and piercing their mouthparts into people**.

Who can completely avoid mosquito or flea bites? So in the past, when the health situation was poor, the plague used to be raging on a large scale in the world.

Clause. 3. How to prevent plague: The best way to eliminate plague is to cut off the route of infection. Now, too, try to kill rats and fleas as many pests as possible in crowded areas, so that you can prevent plague as well.