What are the ancient farmland irrigation tools

Ancient farmland irrigation tools were:

1. Orange tree. Introduction: Orange tree, commonly known as "boom" and "pole", is an ancient Han agricultural tool. It is a primitive tool for drawing water. In the Shang Dynasty, in terms of agricultural irrigation, orange trees were adopted.

Construction and its principle: it is attached to an upright shelf with an elongated lever in the center, a fulcrum in the middle, a weight suspended at the end, and a bucket in the front. As soon as it falls together, it can save effort to draw water.

2. Rollers. Introduction: Roller, Han folk water lifting facilities, popular in the northern region.

Structure and its principle: a support frame with a horizontal hinge is placed on the well. One end of the shaft is equipped with a crank, and a rope is wrapped around the shaft. A bucket is tied to the lower end of the rope. Water can be lifted from the well by turning the crank with human or animal power. It is a kind of lifting tool that uses the wheel axle mechanism.

3. Well car. Introduction: The well cart is a tool developed from the wheel to lift water from deep wells for irrigation in ancient times.

The rope is twisted around the log, the rope is tied horizontally, and the log rotates to drive the rope. The bucket then rises and falls to fetch water, and the bucket only goes straight up and down. It cannot be rotated around a log.

Structure and principle: many wooden buckets are connected into a string with a small horizontal axis, like a large chain, set on a large wheel above the well; At one end of the shaft of this large wheel, a large vertical gear is installed, and then connected with a large horizontal gear in the upper part.

With animal power or manpower to pull the sleeve rod, then the horizontal gear rotates, the big vertical gear and the big wheel rotate with it, the water bucket rises continuously, bypasses the big wheel, loses the water dustpan, and then flows into the field, the empty water bucket descends from the other side, and so on.

4. Fighting. Introduction: Bucket, an old-style Han farming tool used for water irrigation.

It has long been used in China to irrigate farmland. Due to the height of the person, the lifting height of the bucket is generally in meters. In some places, the bucket is made into a dustpan shape, tied to a pole, and can be operated by one person.

Structure and principle: made of bamboo strips, rattan, etc. Slightly like a bucket, there are ropes on both sides, two people stand opposite each other when using, pull the rope to draw water. There are also intermediate handles for one person.

5. Overturning. Introduction: Dumping is a kind of scraper-type continuous water lifting machinery, also known as keel waterwheel, which is one of the most famous agricultural irrigation machinery in ancient China.

The overturning can be driven by hand, foot, ox, water or wind. The keel blades are used as chains, lying in rectangular long grooves, and the body is inclined to the river or pond.

The lower sprocket and part of the body were submerged in the water. When the sprocket is driven, the blade rises along the groove and sends the water out to the upper end of the long groove. In this way, the water can be transported to the place where it is needed, and the water can be continuously withdrawn, and the efficiency is greatly improved.

Structure and principle: It is made of wooden planks into a long trough, and dozens of wiper boards of the same width as the wooden trough are placed in the trough. The wipers are connected sequentially by hinges, and the end is connected into a ring.

There is a toothed wooden shaft at the upper and lower ends of the trough. Turn the upper shaft while bringing the water between the plates from the bottom up.

1. The water turns to old cracks and overturnsWater turns and overturns, and in the old days, the water conservancy irrigation farm tools were popular in most parts of China. Even if the water flow drives the water wheel to spin.

Because it uses the power of nature, human and animal power can be used for other production activities. In ancient times, it was mostly used for rice production, and now it is mostly used as a landscape.

2. Keel waterwheelKeel waterwheel is also known as "overturned", "treadmill", "waterwheel", and the province is called "keel". Han Chinese History.

Irrigation farm tools are popular in most parts of our country.

This type of water lifting facility has a long history. Because its shape resembles a keel, it is called "keel waterwheel".

3. Wind-powered waterwheelsIn the Ming and Qing dynasties, there are records of wind-powered waterwheels, and the wind-powered waterwheels include two parts: windmills and waterwheels. The windmill transfers the wind energy to the waterwheel, which then transfers the energy to the water body it draws, thus lifting the water.

This type of water lifting machinery is used in the Taihu Lake Basin.

Drainage, turn when there is wind and work often.

Ancient farmland irrigation tools in China:

1. Bucket: an old-style agricultural tool used for taking water for irrigation. It is made of bamboo strips, rattan, etc. Slightly like a bucket, there are ropes on both sides, two people stand opposite each other when using, pull the rope to draw water.

2. Orange tree: Guess the common name of the boom, weighing rod, is to add a slender lever on an erected shelf, the middle is the fulcrum, the end of the hanging of a heavy object, the front of the hanging bucket. As soon as it falls together, it can save effort to draw water.

3. Rollers. Lifting device for extracting well water. The derrick is erected on the well, and the shaft can be rotated with a handle, and the shaft is wound with a rope, and one end of the rope is tied to a bucket. Shake the handle so that the bucket falls together and extracts the well water.

4. Bucket: The willow tank is a tool used to draw water in the well, which is woven with fine early sail wicker.

5. Well car: It is a tool developed from the wheel to lift water from deep wells for irrigation in ancient times. Log.

The rope is twisted and wound, the rope is horizontal, and the log rotates to drive the rope to eliminate the rope. The bucket then rises and falls to fetch water, and the bucket only goes straight up and down. It cannot be rotated around a log.

The tools for irrigation of farmland are:

1. Overturning:Dumping car, also known as keel car, is an irrigation machine that uses sprocket transmission to drive the scraper in the sink to turn over, so as to direct the water from the low place to the high place. Overturning has already appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Later, after the improvement of Ma Jun in the Three Kingdoms, it became a tool for irrigating gardens, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that it became an agricultural irrigation machinery and flourished.

2. Cylinder car:The cylinder car was invented around the Sui Dynasty and was an agricultural irrigation machine that used water to impact the rotation of a water wheel. The drum car is generally installed on the riverside with flowing water, and there is a trench dug, and the rapid current introduced into the trench pushes the water wheel to rotate constantly.

In this way, the water in the trough is lifted to a high place through the wooden or bamboo tube on the water wheel, and finally flows into the farmland for irrigation. The cylinder car relies on the torrent impact to achieve automatic operation, so the use of the cylinder car is limited by certain terrain.

3. Well car. The well cart is a tool developed from the wheel to carry water from a deep well for irrigation in ancient times. The rope is twisted around the log, the rope is tied horizontally, and the log rotates to drive the rope.

The bucket then rises and falls to fetch water, and the bucket only goes straight up and down. It cannot be rotated around a log.

The tools for cultivating the fields are:

1. Plow:The plough is a ploughing tool that is constructed of a heavy blade at the end of a beam. It is usually tied to a group of livestock or motor vehicles that pull it, but it is also driven by human power and is used to break up clods of soil and plough out trenches in preparation for planting.

2. Rake:Rake (bà) is a traditional ploughing tool in agricultural production, and it used to be one of the essential agricultural tools for farmers. Harrows have a history of more than 1,500 years in China.

There are usually two kinds of rakes, one is used to level the land, and the other is used to gather or disperse grain, firewood and grass. The materials of the rake are bamboo, wood or iron.

3. Scythe:The sickle is a farm tool for harvesting crops and mowing grass in rural areas, which is composed of blades and wooden handles, and some blades have small serrations, which are generally used to harvest wheat, rice, etc., and are widely used in rural areas.

Irrigation tools that do not belong to ancient farmland have overturned. The overturned car is also called the keel waterwheel, which can be hand-cranked, pedaled, and ox-pulled. The cylinder car uses the wheels of water to automatically lift water, and does not need to be powered by humans and animals.

The windmill used as an agricultural tool in ancient China refers to a tool that blows away the deflated grains of grass clippings from grain. Ancient China did not have a propeller-like windmill in Europe, because of China's special climate, the wind direction is not fixed, so the ancient Chinese windmill is not an irrigation tool.

Methods of irrigationFurrow irrigation is to build a furrow with soil ridge on the field surface, irrigation water is introduced into the furrow, and gradually infiltrates into the soil in the flow process, furrow irrigation is to open a ditch irrigation between the crop rows, and infiltrate the soil laterally, this method does not destroy the soil structure, the water volume is more saving, and the flooding irrigation is to enclose the lattice field with a ridge on the field surface, and the irrigation water stays in the lattice field, becomes a uniform water layer and gradually infiltrates into the soil.

Flood irrigation is a kind of extensive ground irrigation, the field surface does not repair the ridge, let the water flow down and infiltrate, the soil structure is easy to be damaged by this method, the nutrients are easy to lose, and often large flood irrigation can also cause salinization and swamping.

A windmill is a type of power machinery that converts wind energy into mechanical work.

What is not part of the irrigation tool of the farmland is the water drainage. Water drain is a kind of hydraulic blast device for iron smelting in ancient China, which was invented by Nanliang Xiaoyang Taishou Du Shi in the Eastern Han Dynasty on the basis of summarizing the practical experience of working people. It not only saves manpower and animal power, but also has a relatively strong blowing capacity, which greatly promotes the development of the iron smelting industry.

Han Ji during the Three Kingdoms period extended it to the Wei state.

In the government-run smelting workshop, water rows replace the horse rows and human rows in the past, and they do not stop all year round.

Features and significanceHydraulic mechanical axles are used for water drainage.

Drive the blower bag, make the skin bag continue to expand and contract, and oxygenate the metallurgical blast furnace, this device uses less force and does work.

It is a major reform in the history of metallurgy in China. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Kushimi was improved and promoted by the calendar, and its effect was tripled. Du Shi invented the water drain, which changed the goodness of China's smelting blower device powered by manpower and animal power.

It not only greatly improves labor efficiency, but also is 1100 years earlier than Europe, which is a milestone in the history of the development of ancient Chinese smelting technology.