What are the ??? ammonia plants in China?

Henan is a large agricultural province, and the largest use of synthetic ammonia is agriculture, so take Henan as an example.

Large, usually marked by an annual output of 300,000 tons of synthetic ammonia. When 13 sets were introduced, it was later known as 13 sets of large fertilizers, including Sichuanhua, Qilu Erhua, Daqing, etc., and then, represented by energy-saving technology, was the Central Plains Dahua of Henan Province, according to the sequence, it was the 18th set of large fertilizers. Later, with the reform and opening up, the state canceled the appropriation for construction projects, and whoever had the money built it, and built a large number of them.

Among them, the construction of one set and two sets of chemical fertilizers in Hainan Province is the most limelight. Due to the high energy consumption of small chemical fertilizers and the construction of large chemical fertilizers, the pattern of a chemical fertilizer plant in almost every county in China has been reshuffled. The county-level fertilizer plant is almost extinct.

Neutral usually refers to an annual output of 4 to 100,000 tons of synthetic ammonia. In Henan, there are four factories in Pingdingshan, Kaifeng, Yiyang and Anyang, which are the most famous, but at present, they are also more difficult to be affected by large chemical fertilizers, and some such as Yiyang have gone bankrupt.

Small, usually 3,000 tonnes of ammonia per year, but later each county fertilizer plant expanded its production. The slow ones are bankrupt, and the fast ones have even surpassed the large fertilizer enterprises, such as Xinxiang Heart to Heart, which is a small fertilizer in Xinxiang County, and the current synthetic ammonia production capacity has exceeded 1 million tons, which is larger than the largest single set of large fertilizer production capacity introduced.

It is worth mentioning that the fertilizer enterprises in Shandong are getting bigger and bigger. If you are interested, welcome to visit Shandong.

Guihua Group, Sichuan Chemical Group, Sino-Arab Chemical Fertilizer, Western Special Fertilizer, Shanxi Chemical Fertilizer Group, Shaanxi Chemical Group, etc.

The chemical equation for the reaction of industrial ammonia synthesis is: n +3h 2nh (catalyst, under high temperature and high pressure conditions).

The reaction process uses an iron catalyst (a catalyst mixed with iron as the main mixture), and the iron catalyst is most active at 500 °C, which is also the reason why the synthetic ammonia is selected at 500 °C.

Reaction characteristics of synthetic ammonia.

1) Reversible reaction;

2) The positive reaction is an exothermic reaction;

3) A positive reaction is a reaction in which the volume of a gas decreases.

The work mainly includes: (1) using pressurized conveying machinery to send hydrocarbon-containing raw materials and air or water vapor into the gas furnace; (2) Operate the gas furnace to adjust the process parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate and ratio to make raw gas; (3) Operate the production and distribution device for the removal of sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other products, and purify the raw gas into 1:3 nitrogen-hydrogen mixture; (4) Operate a multi-stage compressor to pressurize the nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas into the ammonia synthesis tower; (5) Adjust the process parameters such as pressure, temperature and space velocity of the ammonia synthesis tower, and synthesize part of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas into ammonia in the presence of a catalyst; (6) Monitoring condensation or absorption device to condense ammonia in ammonia-containing nitrogen-hydrogen mixture into liquid ammonia or absorb into ammonia; (7) Operate the circulating compressor to pressurize the nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas that separates the ammonia and send it to the synthesis tower to circulate ammonia production with the new nitrogen-hydrogen mixture.

The following types of work are classified as occupations:

Synthetic ammonia chief control engineer (16-034), water gas engineer (16-035), oil and gas chemical industry (16-036), synthetic ammonia conversion engineer (16-038), synthetic ammonia purification worker (16-039), synthetic ammonia gas compression worker (16-040), ammonia synthesis worker (16-041).

Synthetic ammonia refers to the ammonia directly synthesized by nitrogen and hydrogen under high temperature and high pressure and the presence of catalysts, which is a basic inorganic chemical process of Qizao Xiao. In the modern chemical industry, ammonia is the main raw material for the fertilizer industry and basic organic chemicals.

The mechanism of ammonia synthesis reaction is that the nitrogen molecules are chemically adsorbed on the surface of the iron catalyst, so that the chemical bonds between nitrogen atoms are weakened. Next, the chemosorption of hydrogen atoms continuously interacts with the nitrogen molecules on the surface to gradually generate -NH, -NH2 and NH3 on the surface of the catalyst, and finally the ammonia molecules desorption on the surface to form gaseous ammonia.

The work mainly includes: (1) using pressurized conveying machinery to send hydrocarbon-containing raw materials and air or water vapor into the gas furnace; (2) Operate the gas furnace to adjust the process parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate and ratio to make raw gas; (3) Operate the production and distribution device for the removal of sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other products, and purify the raw gas into 1:3 nitrogen-hydrogen mixture; (4) Operate a multi-stage compressor to pressurize the nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas into the ammonia synthesis tower; (5) Adjust the process parameters such as pressure, temperature and space velocity of the ammonia synthesis tower, and synthesize part of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas into ammonia in the presence of a catalyst; (6) Monitoring condensation or absorption device to condense ammonia in ammonia-containing nitrogen-hydrogen mixture into liquid ammonia or absorb into ammonia; (7) Operate the circulating compressor to pressurize the nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas that separates the ammonia and send it to the synthesis tower to circulate ammonia production with the new nitrogen-hydrogen mixture.

The following types of work are classified as occupations:

Synthetic ammonia chief control engineer (16-034), water gas engineer (16-035), oil and gas chemical industry (16-036), synthetic ammonia conversion engineer (16-038), synthetic ammonia purification worker (16-039), synthetic ammonia gas compression worker (16-040), ammonia synthesis worker (16-041).

The "scope of which industry does synthetic ammonia belong to" belongs to one of the chemical industries: coal chemical industry, which is called nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing industry according to the division of industry management.

The chemical industry includes petrochemical industry, coal chemical industry, salt chemical industry, fine chemical industry, etc. The division of management by industry includes the following scopes:

1) Chemical ore mining and dressing industry, sulfur ore mining and dressing industry; phosphate mining and dressing industry; natural potash mining and dressing industry; boron mining and dressing industry; Other chemical mineral mining and dressing industries.

2) Basic chemical raw material manufacturing industry, inorganic acid manufacturing industry; caustic soda manufacturing; soda ash manufacturing; inorganic salt manufacturing; Other basic chemical raw materials manufacturing (including the production of oxide elements, industrial gases, etc.).

3) chemical fertilizer manufacturing and nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing; phosphate fertilizer manufacturing; potash manufacturing; compound fertilizer manufacturing; trace element manufacturing; Other chemical fertilizer manufacturing (including the production of humic acid fertilizer, phosphate rock powder fertilizer and mixed fertilizer).

4) Chemical pesticide manufacturing industry (including the production of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides for the prevention and control of crop diseases and pests, insecticides and herbicides for cleaning and hygiene, plant growth regulators, microbial pesticides, rodenticides, etc.); Pesticide preparation processing industry.

5) Organic chemical products manufacturing organic chemical raw materials manufacturing industry; paint manufacturing industry; pigment manufacturing; dye manufacturing; Other organic chemical products manufacturing.

6) Synthetic materials manufacturing Thermosetting resin and plastics manufacturing; engineering plastics manufacturing; functional polymer manufacturing; silicone fluorine material manufacturing; synthetic rubber manufacturing; synthetic fiber monomer (polymer) manufacturing; Other synthetic materials manufacturing.

7) Special chemical products manufacturing chemical reagents and additives manufacturing (including the production of reagents, catalysts, plastic additives, printing and dyeing additives, carbon black and other chemical additives); Special chemical manufacturing industry (production of adhesives, water treatment chemicals, paper chemicals, leather chemical crystals, oilfield chemical crystals, bioengineering chemicals, surfactants, carbon fibers, chemical ceramic fibers and other special fibers and high-performance chemical products); Information chemicals manufacturing (including the production of photosensitive materials, magnetic recording materials, electronic materials, auxiliary materials for optical fiber communication, etc., such as photosensitive films, tapes, disks, phosphors, liquid crystal materials, etc.); Additives (including food additives, feed additives) manufacturing.

8) rubber products industry, tire manufacturing industry; power tire manufacturing industry; rubber sheet, pipe, belt manufacturing; rubber parts manufacturing; recycled rubber manufacturing; rubber boots and footwear manufacturing; daily rubber products industry; rubber products renovation industry; Other rubber products industry (such as rubber and dairy products, rubber sealing products, medical and food rubber products, etc.).

9) Special equipment manufacturing industry, chemical industry special equipment manufacturing industry; special equipment manufacturing for rubber industry; Special equipment manufacturing for the plastics industry.

1.The process of ammonia synthesis.

1) Raw gas preparation Raw materials such as coal and natural gas are made into crude raw gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen. For solid raw coal and coke, syngas is usually produced by gasification; Syngas can be obtained by non-catalytic partial oxidation of residual oil; For gaseous hydrocarbons and naphtha, syngas is produced by two-stage steam reforming method in industry.

2) Purification: The crude raw gas is purified to remove impurities other than hydrogen and nitrogen, mainly including the transformation process, desulfurization and decarburization process and gas refining process.

Carbon monoxide transformation process.

In the production of synthetic ammonia, the raw gas prepared by various methods contains CO, and its volume fraction is generally 12% to 40%. The two components needed for ammonia synthesis are H2 and N2, so CO needs to be removed from the syngas. The transformation reaction is as follows:

Since the CO conversion process is a strong exothermic process, it must be carried out in stages to facilitate the heat of reaction and control the residual CO content at the outlet of the transformation section. The first step is the high-temperature transformation, which converts most of the CO to CO2 and H2; The second step is the low-temperature transformation, which reduces the CO content to about the same. Therefore, the CO shift reaction is both a continuation of the raw gas manufacturing and a purification process that creates the conditions for the subsequent decarbonization process.

Synthetic ammonia: ammonia synthesized directly from nitrogen and hydrogen under high temperature and pressure and in the presence of a catalyst.