If you are going to raise cattle in the countryside, how to choose high quality calves?

With little investment, local cattle can be purchased in the nearby market, and it is generally more reassuring to understand and be familiar with the situation of cattle. The purchase of hybrid cattle above three yuan is relatively high, and it must be purchased from large farms, and the transportation is also troublesome and unsafe. These are two breeds of cattle, with fast growth and high lean meat yields, and under good feeding conditions, they can grow to about 400 to 500 kilograms from the first anniversary of the calves they have laid, and the cycle is also short.

There are many people who want to raise cattle to make money, after all, the ** of pork is very unstable, but the ** of beef has been stable at more than 30 yuan for a long time, which shows that as long as the cattle are raised, the profits are relatively stable. Many people take a fancy to this advantage and want to raise cattle to make money. The above breeds are mainly fattening, the physique of cattle increases and the meat is fast, the quality of the meat is good, there is the reputation of snowflake meat, large hotels, golden signs in the hot pot city, if you want to fatten cattle, it is recommended to fatten the above breeds of cattle.

The cattle environment is very important, we must do a good job in the construction of the cowshed, according to the local environment to build a suitable cowshed all year round, the temperature should be controlled, clean up the manure on time every day, do a good job of ventilation, regularly release it to bask in the sun, enhance the physical immunity, which is conducive to fat and good meat quality. Cattle must be raised to choose a good breed, not to raise a good breed benefits are difficult to guarantee. Cattle can choose the current improved breeds, such as Roussy cattle, Simmental cattle, Charolais cattle and Limousin cattle, only if the breed is selected and the profit of breeding will be great.

Cattle can choose breeds that are suitable for the local temperature, such as breeding buffalo, Luxi cattle, Simmental cattle, and Limousin cattle in the southern region. The northern region is cold and wet, and it is suitable to choose to breed Simmental cattle for 3-4 generations, Charolais cattle and Limousin cattle for improvement. Native to the Swiss Alps, Simmental is now distributed in many countries around the world and is one of the most abundant meat, dairy and service varieties.

Adult bulls can reach 1600-2400 catties, and adult cows can reach 1300-1600 catties.

It is necessary to choose cattle with large skeletons as much as possible, as the growth potential of such cattle is generally good; It is also necessary to choose healthy cattle, because if you buy sick cattle and sub-healthy cattle, you are doomed to fail.

Then you have to pick the calves that have soft hair, smart eyes, and strong bodies, and look very healthy.

Judging by observation, you can choose calves with a better appetite, which are easier to raise.

We all know that beef is not only delicious, but also rich in nutrients that the human body needs. You must know that raising cattle is also a very difficult thing, from the simple selection of calf breeds, there is a lot of knowledge in this. The selection of calf breeds can bring many favorable factors for the healthy and robust growth of cattle in the future, so as to bring considerable economic income to themselves.

At present, the price of an adult cow is often more than 10,000 yuan, and it is weighed according to the weight, and the ** of the calf is often more than 5,000 yuan.

1. How to choose high-quality calves.

When we select calves in the breeding market, we must have a "fire collapse early and a sharp eye". Don't pick those calves that are in poor condition and have no spirit, such calves often have diseases, but the seller will definitely not tell you this, but will tell you that the weather is hot or other reasons cause the calves to be unenergetic, once you buy it, it will not be a few days later, or treat the calves, or even die, we often lose more than we gain.

Second, look at the state of the calf.

Healthy calves tend to lie on their side when resting, and when approached, they will stand up alertly, while sick calves tend to lie down on the ground and are particularly unmotivated. Healthy calves have flexible glasses that feel bright and refreshed, while sick calves have dull eyes. Healthy calves have neat and shiny fur, while sick calves have unkempt and dull fur.

Healthy calves always wag their tails when they stand, and sick calves tend to have their tails still or hang down when they stand, which is also a key factor in distinguishing good and bad calf breeds from open posture.

3. Diet and physical aspects.

The feces of healthy calves are generally dry, lumpy and odorless, and the urine is also very clear or slightly yellowish, while the feces of sick calves are thin, the urine is yellow, and even the urine is bloody. Healthy calves eat fast and feel strong to chew, while sick calves do not like to eat and show no appetite.

Buy the kind that looks bigger, has a more lively personality, and has more energetic eyes, and can actually see the vitality of this calf through these aspects.

When choosing a calf, you need to look at the mental state of the calf, look at the size of the calf's hooves, and choose a better calf according to the quality of the calf's hair.

Of course, you should buy strong calves. It depends on its weight, its eyes, the color of the cow's coat, whether the cow's dung is empty or not, and how well it eats. State A-see.

Recently, the price of cattle again, the fat cattle market has reached more than 14 yuan, which makes many people feel that raising cattle must be very profitable, is this really the case? Most people will choose pure fattening cattle, the first time because of pure fattening you need less cost, short cycle, starting with 20 30 fattening cattle is appropriate, raising too much cost and lack of experience may be in a hurry to flee the goods, at the same time a little difficult to get benefits, ideal even as a migrant worker, a main standard to 20 or less fattening cattle as an example to introduce costs and profits. In the beginning, raising cattle, especially for cattle, does not need to invest too much in infrastructure.

20 feeder cattle are fine with an 80 m² pen.

The construction cost of red brick walls, color steel roofs, and cement floor cowsheds generally does not exceed 20,000 yuan, and even 10,000 yuan cannot be used if it is simply constructed. The total cost of infrastructure construction for the 20 fattening cattle is about 30,000 yuan, including a grinder, a hay cutter and a hay shed. In recent years, the **buying of calves** has been going crazy**.

At present, about 400 kilograms of high-quality bull calves on the market need at least 8,500 yuan or more, including inspection costs, intermediary fees, quarantine costs and transportation costs, basically up to 9,000 yuan, in this way, the purchase of 20 fattening cattle needs 180,000 yuan.

Native cattle and hybrid cattle are cheaper, but their slow growth is not suitable for captivity, and they can only be grazing and fattening. The dry matter mass of the diets of fattening cattle can account for about 40% of the total diet, of which concentrate accounts for about 40% of the total diet, and the rest is forage. A 400 kg good breed bull takes at least 10 months from fattening to 1300 kg.

We only need to compromise and calculate the feed consumption of 850 kg of fattening cattle for 10 months.

According to the above data, 850 kg of fattening cattle need to eat kg of concentrate and kg of forage per day, and 20 kg of fattening cattle need to consume 57,120 kg of concentrate and 85,500 kg of forage (dry matter) for 10 months. The self-sufficiency rate of concentrate is about yuanjin. The mixture of corn stover, soybean straw and rice straw requires about yuan jin (dry matter), and the total feeding cost is 103,000 yuan.

1. The choice of calves is first to look at its health, mainly from the organs of the body. If the weight meets a certain standard, the heavier the heavier, the better the growth will be in the later stage; The eyes are bright and energetic, lively and active; Look at the coat color as neat, shiny, elastic; Look at the cow dung in a regular shape and relatively dry, or slightly soft and regular, no peculiar smell, clear and colorless or slightly yellow urine; Looking at the food situation, such as fast and abundant, it means that these calves are relatively healthy and suitable for subsequent breeding. To put it simply, the selection of high-quality calves requires a strong front chest, a broad and flat back ridge, thick thighs, strong and powerful, and a strong calf with meat on the body.

2. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to the variety, age, gender and other factors in the selection. To put it simply, you need to choose the most suitable cattle according to your breeding environment, and the age of the calf is preferably between 15 and 21 months; In terms of gender, the male and female calves should be within a certain scientific range, and only after guessing can it be beneficial to the subsequent breeding. In the subsequent reproduction, it is also necessary to pay attention to the advantages and disadvantages of its breeding offspring.

To put it simply, we can use two forms: homogeneous selection and heterogeneous selection, to achieve the good effect of eugenics, so that the scattered and high-quality genes are more stable, and those inferior and bad genes are eliminated.

Excellent males and females with similar appearance, production performance, or other economic traits are selected for mating. The aim is to obtain offspring of similar qualities to those of their parents, thus consolidating and strengthening their excellent traits. Homologous selection is mainly used to stabilize the excellent traits of cattle and increase the number of homozygous genotypes, but it may also increase the frequency of homozygous combinations of harmful genes, the disadvantages of fixing parents, and lead to a decrease in adaptability and vitality.

Therefore, in order to improve the effect of homogeneous selection, it is necessary to strengthen breeding, strictly eliminate bad individuals, and improve feeding management.

In breeding practice, as long as there are certain differences between cattle, the method of heterogeneous selection can be used to improve the quality, and the method of homogeneous selection can be transferred to a fixed place in time. Genetic matching is based on the genetic relationship between the mating parties. Mr. Aomine reminded cattle breeders that cattle should be divided into inbreeding (referred to as inbreeding) and non-inbreeding (referred to as non-inbreeding) according to the degree of heredity.

It is generally considered that the mating of bulls within 5 generations is called inbreeding, otherwise it is called non-inbreeding. From the perspective of population genetics, under certain conditions, the gene frequencies and genotype frequencies of a large population should be in a state of relative equilibrium from generation to generation. If the environmental conditions are the same for the next two generations, the mean and standard deviation in quantity are basically the same.

However, if we don't mate randomly, we will upset the balance. Inbreeding is when the relationship between matched individuals is higher than when mating is at random, and crossbreeding is lower than when mating at random.

The pedigree is an indicator of the collection and registration of bulls and previous generations. Complete, accurate and detailed pedigree records are the basic guarantee for selection and breeding. The pedigree of bulls has a different emphasis.

The bull bloodline focuses on the production and related conditions of the previous generation. The pedigree of the cow not only records the parental and previous generations, but also details the cow's milk production, reproduction, and body size scores. The general principle is to maintain the advantages and improve the defects.

When selecting a breeding bull, the pedigree of the bull should be checked (if conditions permit, the breeding bull should be observed on the spot), production performance, and the main advantages and disadvantages of the appearance identification materials.

At present, the appearance appraisal mainly adopts the Canadian 9-point system and the American 50-point system. At present, the domestic appearance evaluation mainly adopts a 9-point system. Prevent inbreeding and don't go from one extreme to the other.

When many traits need to be improved, the first thing to do is to choose the defects that are easiest to improve, paying special attention to the inconsistency of male and female cows. Basic breeding data should be complete, reliable and timely. Fourth, there is no need to consider irrelevant traits such as coat color, flower pieces, and production performance when selecting bulls.

I think you should choose some breeding cattle with better breeds, and you should also choose breeding cattle with fresh and tender meat.

When choosing a breed of cattle, be sure to look at the mental state of the cattle, as well as the degree of brightness of the cattle's hair and cortex, so that the quality of the cattle is the best.

When selecting a breeding cow, look at the physical condition of the breeding cow, because the bull must be strong and lively.

When choosing shelf cattle, it is necessary to pay attention to choosing cattle that are robust, precocious, fattening, not picky eaters, and have high feed returns. Breed, age, weight, gender, physical appearance, etc. should be considered in the specific operation.

1) Breed and age: At present, it is best to choose Charolais cattle, Limousin cattle, Piedmontese cattle, Simmental cattle and other meat or dairy bulls and local cattle and cow crossbred offspring, and can also use China's local cattle breeds, such as Jinnan cattle, Qinchuan cattle, Nanyang cattle and Luxi cattle. It is better to choose the age of 15-21 months.

2) Gender: If you choose castrated cattle, it is better to castrate early, 3 6 months old castrated cattle can reduce stress, accelerate the feminization of head, neck and limb bones, improve the meat yield and meat quality, but the growth rate and feed conversion rate of bulls are better than steers, and the carcass has more lean meat and less fat.

3) physical appearance: when choosing a shelf cattle, the first thing to look at is the weight, under normal circumstances, the age or 15 21 months of cattle, the weight should be more than 300 kg, body height and chest circumference should be greater than the average value of the development of the month in which it is located. There are other traits that cannot be measured by scales and are also important, such as coat color, horn status, hoof, back and waist strength, rib opening, shoulder blades, etc.

The general shelf cattle have the following rules:

Shelf cattle with long limbs and body have the potential for growth and development, and if the young calf has become symmetrical, the future development may not be good;

Cattle with slightly higher crosses than body height and high hind limb flying joints have strong developmental ability; **Beef with a loose and soft coat is of good quality; Although the breeding is good, but the temperament is short-tempered, neurotic cattle cannot be considered healthy cattle, such cattle are difficult to manage.