What is the phenomenon of pilots seeing the sky as the earth and the earth as the sky?

It is called flight illusion, which is easy to occur when flying at sea or at night, and rarely occurs when flying over land, and the main symptom is that it is clear that it is flying backwards, and sometimes it is easy to trigger a stress reaction.

There was a flight accident. Experts from the Institute of Military Medical Experiments of the Russian Ministry of Defense note that when flying over the ocean, some pilots have the illusion of flying. In order to get rid of this illusion and ensure safety, pilots must have a high level of sense and judgment.

According to the latest issue of the Russian magazine "Chemistry and Life in the 21st Century", when flying over land, pilots can observe the reference objects on the ground.

Perceive one's own spatial orientation, and on the surface of the sea, there are few references to distinguish the orientation, and the color of the ocean is very close to the sky, so some pilots sometimes have multiple illusions. Melnik, an expert from the Russian Military Medical Experimental Research Institute, and others conducted a study on more than 300 Russian pilots, and they found that about two-thirds of them had lost their sense of orientation during sea flights. They once felt as if they were flying in an endless "pocket", and the plane seemed to be tilted or reversed.

When the plane is in the sea in the fog or cumulus clouds.

The pilot's visual measurement of the flight altitude when flying above.

Often lower than the actual height. When the sea surface reflects sunlight strongly, the pilot's visual altitude is again higher than the actual altitude. Some pilots occasionally use the starlight and beacon lights on the lighthouse as the lights of the aircraft when flying at night, and then feel that an aircraft is following them.

According to Russian experts, when there is an illusion at sea, the pilot can judge his position and flight status according to the barometric altimeter and radar altimeter in the cockpit. However, when the aircraft flies at a low altitude over the sea, the changes in low air pressure and air flow may cause errors in the barometric altimeter. In addition, seawater has good electrical conductivity and is able to absorb part of the radar's radio waves.

When the aircraft is flying in the open sea, the performance of the on-board radar altimetry equipment decreases. Melnik noted that in order to get rid of the illusion of the sea as much as possible, pilots should strive to observe the reflection of the sun and moon on the surface of the sea, the position of various celestial bodies, the waves on the surface of the sea, marine animals on the basis of a quick analysis of instrument data.

When you hit the water, the waves on the water, the birds on the sea, the route of the ship, the horizontal line where the sea meets the sky, the coastline, etc., you can comprehensively judge your spatial position and flight distance. If possible, pilots can also verify their judgment using the traditional tool – the slide rule – navigation. During this process, pilots should maintain a steady state of mind, always have a high level of concentration, make full use of temporary memory ability, and complete multiple operations at the same time.

In order for pilots to equip them with the above-mentioned skills, the relevant institutions should conduct special training for the pilot's senses and judgment.

There is a passage in the Falcon Brigade that mentions it, but I don't remember the specific name.

Because when the fighter plane dives downward, the pilot will see that the "dividing line between heaven and earth" seen from the right porthole is still horizontal, and the distance from the aircraft is getting closer and closer.

When the fighter climbs diagonally upwards, the pilot will see the "dividing line between heaven and earth" seen in the right porthole obliquely downwards when using the aircraft as a reference.

When the fighter is diving diagonally downward, the pilot, using the aircraft as a reference, will see the "dividing line between heaven and earth" seen in the right porthole obliquely upward.

When the fighter climbs vertically upwards and the pilot uses the aircraft as a reference, he will see that the "dividing line between heaven and earth" seen from the right porthole is still horizontal, and the distance from the aircraft is getting farther and farther away.

When studying the motion of an object, it is necessary to select a reference object, and if the position between the object and the reference object changes, the object is in motion; If there is no change in the position between the object and the reference, then the object is stationary.

It can only be understood, not spoken. First of all, you have to be able to look at the skyline and the sky.

They didn't choose my answer. Despise.

The night range at 30°N is greater than the day range, so the Sun must be directly hitting the Southern Hemisphere, while a Sun altitude of 0 at 70°N means that the Sun is directly hitting 20°S

20°S30°N) C(,70°N) So A is northwest of C.

That is, the range in the night hemisphere on 15:00 in the East 5 is 12:00, so the range in the night hemisphere at 15:0030°N is 10°W west to 155°E, and the range in the Eastern Hemisphere is 20°W east to 160°E, so the answer is 20°W-10°W and 155°E-160°E

0°) is southeast of A (10°W, 30°N), and on the way, the pilot always sees the scene of "the rising sun", which means that the plane is always on the dividing line between day and night and on the sunrise line, because it is 12:00, so 10°W is 6:26, and when A sunrise, that is, when the plane arrives at A, B is 12:

00, and the plane departs from sunrise B (6:00), so the flight time is 6 hours.

The sun is shining directly in the southern hemisphere and the plane is on the sunrise line, so of course the sun is southeast of the plane.

The similarity between the sea surface and the sky is large, and the sense of gravity will be weakened at high speed during flight, which makes it impossible to distinguish between the sky and the sea.

Because it's still blue, the sky is blue. Color-friendly. So hallucinations.

First of all, there is a method of looking down from the sky, which is called landmark navigation. It is the most basic and reliable navigation method in flight navigation.

The principle is to observe the ground target with the naked eye and compare the chart to determine the course, and the second aircraft carries navigation instruments such as magnetic compass, gyrocompass, radio navigation, TACAN and even GPS, and maintains close contact with the air traffic control system and the ground remote navigation station. So even if you can't find a landmark, you can fly with all your instruments, which is called instrument flight in flight, and it is a compulsory course for pilots.

In addition, the altitude of commercial aviation air passages is generally very high, mostly above 6,000 meters, and it is difficult to observe ground targets with the naked eye. Almost exclusively with the help of radio navigation on the ground.

The airspace of private light aircraft is below 600 meters, and the observation of ground targets is very important.

The pilot does not drive a plane like a car to see the road with his eyes, the pilot will have a navigator on the pilot, showing the direction of flight and flight altitude, when the plane flies to a certain height, the pilot can also set automatic navigation.

- - Clouds fly in the stratosphere, whereas clouds are generally in the troposphere.

Now the aircraft flies mostly in the stratosphere, the lower layer is the troposphere, the air activity is violent, the upper layer is the middle layer (also called the high-altitude troposphere), the air activity is also very intense, only the stratospheric airflow turbulence is small, suitable for the aircraft to drive smoothly, to ensure safety.

Stratosphere (Stratosphere) - This layer is located above the troposphere, the tip is about 30 kilometers above the ground, and its characteristics are: the temperature is generally unchanged, the average is around the left, and there is almost no water vapor, so there are no weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, fog, snow, etc., only horizontal wind, and no up and down convection of air. It is an ideal space for airplanes.

1. High visibility The stratospheric water vapor, suspended solid particles, impurities, etc. in the earth's atmosphere are very few, the weather is relatively clear, the light is relatively good, and the visibility is very high, which is convenient for high-altitude flight

2. Stable force The atmosphere of the stratosphere is warm and cool, the atmosphere is convection, and the advection movement is the mainstay, and the force of the aircraft is relatively stable in it, which is convenient for the pilot to control the frame

3. Low noise pollution The stratosphere is high from the ground (about 12km 50km), and the aircraft flies in it most of the time, and the noise pollution to the ground is relatively small

4. High safety factor The height of the bird flight generally does not reach the stratosphere, and the aircraft is safer to fly in the stratosphere Of course, when taking off and landing, it is safer to find ways to drive away the birds

Now it's all instrument flights, unless it's close to the ground.

Hope it helps.

You don't have to look at the ground. It's not like driving a car.

The plane has navigation equipment, even if you cover the windshield of the aircraft, you can still fly to the destination, provided that the pilot is visible before landing.

You won't get lost when you see the fog in the morning?

It depends on how high the fighter flies, and when the fighter flies very low at a low altitude, the sea-skimming flight is even lower, not to mention seeing people clearly, people's expressions can be seen clearly, but under normal circumstances, they cannot be seen, because the flight altitude is very high, and the radar and monitoring equipment of the fighter are not used for targets of such a size, so they cannot see people, and the special reconnaissance aircraft can be seen with high-precision cameras.

No, the pilot has no target reference in the sky, only the on-board radar and the ground control center to navigate, so the passenger plane is not allowed to use communication equipment in order to prevent interference with the radar and the work of the aircraft and the ground control point.

No, in fact, the course of the plane is the same as the train, and there is a common part. On the ground, the pilot only saw some headings one-sidedly, so he didn't know that the plane was flying to **.

This is where the computer comes in, and the positioning device allows you to find your position at any time, even on the ground.

3 During the landing of all aircraft, the pilot sitting in the plane will see the ground rising, so the description of the movement of the earth is now based on the aircraft and the pilot

Therefore, choose D

"Bomber Song"?

By the way, the Soviet Union basically did not have the concept of "God of War".

Because with the Soviet Union's tactics, it is basically rare to survive a few battles on the front line.