What was the German mountain division in World War II, what operations were in charge of, and what w

The difference is big, from the best equipment to logistics and supply, as well as tactical attack and defense, the mountain division is considered according to the special requirements of the mountain. Under normal circumstances, the heavy fire of an infantry division would be inactive in the mountains unless they discarded all their baggage.

Otherwise, they will become snails, and even if they become snails, they will not be able to carry their heavy equipment through certain mountainous areas, and their heavy equipment will not be able to effectively attack in the mountains. Therefore, whether it is mobility or combat efficiency in the mountains, the infantry division cannot be compared with the mountain division.

Similar to light infantry divisions, there is as little heavy equipment as possible and more light equipment. Due to the very poor traffic in the mountains, it is not possible to carry heavy equipment and large equipment. Mainly responsible for combat operations in mountainous areas, for example, in the Caucasus in 42. It's also an elite force.

The German Mountain Division of World War II was a special type of unit, specifically designed for mountain warfare.

The basic structure of Germany's mountain divisions is a mountain infantry regiment, a mountain artillery regiment, a mountain engineer battalion, a mountain anti-tank battalion, a mountain reconnaissance battalion (some are bicycle battalions), and a mountain communications battalion directly under the division. Unlike ordinary infantry divisions, the infantry battalion of the infantry regiment of the Mountain Division has five infantry companies, which is about one-third more than the four infantry companies under the army infantry battalion.

In addition, the main difference between mountain troops and other field units is that their equipment is lighter and more suitable for mountain operations and transportation. Since troops are basically transported by manpower during mountain operations, the load capacity of soldiers must be fully taken into account whether it is individual equipment, heavy equipment, or logistics materials.

Although it was a mountain force, due to the sharp decline in the strength of the German army in the late stage of World War II, the German mountain troops were also engaged in other terrain operations.

Mountain Infantry Regiment.

At first glance, the establishment of a mountain division seems to be similar to that of an infantry unit, but in fact, the biggest difference between a mountain division and an infantry division is in the composition of a mountain infantry regiment. Before the 30s of the last century, the infantry divisions of the German Army generally had two infantry brigades, each of which had two infantry regiments. In the 30s, the German infantry division was changed to 3 infantry regiments under direct control, and the mountain division was under 2 regiments (the 1st Mountain Division was formed with 3 regiments, but in 1940 one of the regiments was also drawn to form a mountain division).

But the number of personnel of a mountain infantry regiment is not much less than that of an ordinary infantry regiment. The former has 3,064 standard posts, while the latter has 3,250 standard posts, and there are even some data showing that the personnel quotas of the two are basically the same. The reason for this is that the mountain infantry regiment has an infantry battalion, each battalion has 5 infantry companies (the ordinary infantry battalion only contains 4 infantry companies).

Note]. The three battalions had a total of 15 infantry companies, and each regiment also had an anti-tank company directly under the regimental headquarters, for a total of 16 companies under the regiment, which was one-third more than the infantry regiment.

In addition, in the ordinary infantry battalion, each battalion has three infantry companies and one hoplite company, and the mountain infantry battalion has added a machine gun company on the basis of the subordinate, which can strengthen the suppressive firepower of mountain combat, and the machine guns and ammunition are easier to carry than the mortars of the heavy infantry company. The battalion level has changed somewhat from generation to generation, and the establishment of mountain infantry companies and ordinary infantry companies is the same. Before the spring of 1940, they were all in a company of three platoons and nine squads (infantry), with 9 light machine guns, 2 heavy machine guns and 3 50-mm mortars.

In the spring of 1940, as the infantry platoon was changed from 3 squads to 4 squads, the heavy ** of the mountain infantry company and the ordinary infantry company became 12 light machine guns. 2 heavy machine guns and 3 50-mm mortars.

The hoplite company under the jurisdiction of the Mountain Infantry Battalion consisted of a mountain artillery faction (armed with Type 18 75 mm mountain guns), an engineer faction and a communications platoon. The mountain machine gun company had three heavy machine gun platoons and one mortar platoon, and the machine gun company was armed with 12 heavy machine guns and two light machine guns. The machine gun platoon mainly used MG-34 and MG-42 machine guns, but also used MG-08 machine guns left over from World War I for a period of time before and early in the war.

The mortar platoon used the GRW34 80 mm mortar and the GRW40 120 mm mortar at the beginning of the war.

The regimental anti-tank company is generally equipped with 12 PAK35 37-mm anti-tank guns. After the middle of the war, the artillery of the anti-tank units was replaced with 75-mm anti-tank guns and rocket launchers of the PAK40 type, but the establishment was generally changed to three anti-tank guns and 36 anti-tank rocket launchers.