Briefly describe the principle of program storage and program control .

In 1945, von Neumann first proposed the concept of "stored programs" and the binary principle, and later, people used this concept and principle to design electronic computer systems collectively called "von." Norman-type structure "computer. Feng.

Norman-based processors use the same memory and are transferred over the same bus.

Feng. Norman structure processors have the following characteristics:

There must be a memory;

There must be a controller;

There must be a combinator for both arithmetic and logical operations;

There must be input and output devices for human-machine communication.

Von Neumann's main contribution was to propose and implement the concept of "stored programs". Since the instructions and data are binary, and the addresses of the instructions and operands are closely related, it was natural to choose this structure in the first place. However, this structure of instructions and data sharing the same bus makes the transmission of information flow a bottleneck that limits the performance of the computer, which affects the improvement of data processing speed.

In a typical case, completing an instruction requires 3 steps: fetching the instruction, decoding the instruction, and executing the instruction. From the timing relationship of the instruction flow, we can also see the difference between the von Neumann structure and the Harvard structure.

For example, the simplest instruction to read and write the memory, instruction 1 to instruction 3 are all storage and retrieval instructions. In Norman fabric processors, because the fetching instructions and accessing data are accessed from the same storage space and transmitted through the same bus, they cannot overlap executions, and only one is completed before the next.

Binary.

Formal representation of data and instructions;

The program (data and instruction sequence) is stored in the main memory in advance, so that the computer can automatically take out the instructions from the memory at high speed and execute them when working;

by combinators. The five basic components of memory, controller, input device and output device constitute the computer system, and the basic functions of these five components are stipulated. Von Neumann's thought was actually an electronic computer.

The basic idea of design laid the basic structure of modern electronic computers and created the era of program design.

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The principle of stored programs is also known as the "von Neumann principle" (proposed in 1946). A design principle that stores programs in a computer's internal memory like data. Once the program is stored in memory, the computer can automatically move from one instruction to another.

Modern electronic computers are designed according to this principle.

1. First of all: send the program and data into the memory through the input and output devices.

The general memory is divided into many storage units, each storage unit has an address number, so that the program and data are stored in a certain order, and the memory is divided into several areas, such as a special program area and a data area dedicated to storing data.

2. Secondly: the execution procedure must start from the first instruction and be executed one by one in the future.

What is the working principle of a computer's "stored program, program control".

What is the working principle of computer "stored programs, program control" Hello, dear! Computer work is based on the storage of program control information

Programs and data 1, instructions: instructions to indicate the computer to work, by the opcode and address stool carrying code or operand 2, program: composed of a series of instructions, a collection of instructions to solve the problem 3, the working principle of the storage program will binary representation of the program and data through the input device input to the computer memory to the CPU processing, when the processing is finished from the output device output results to the memory is divided into a number of storage units, each storage unit has a number, the label is the memory address 4, proposed:

von Neumann-Hungarian American five-part storage program 5, instruction execution process 1) take instruction 2) analyze instruction 3) execute instruction 4) wait for the execution of the next instruction; Hope mine is helpful to you, thank you and have a great day!

The working principle of computers can be summarized as stored program control, that is, they run instructions (programs) and data (data) stored in memory together to achieve a specific computing task.

When a computer's processor (or processor) accepts an instruction, it translates it into a series of machine language instructions, executes them step by step, and outputs the processing result based on the execution result. In addition, computers can input and output data through external devices to perform more complex tasks.

Specifically, if the computer wants to run smoothly, it needs to first transfer some operation instructions, or some data, to the memory of the computer through the corresponding equipment, so that the computer can work according to the relevant arrangement in the process of operation, and will not stop working until the calculation trembling and envy calculation machine arrives at the stop instruction.

Precautions for computer use

1. High temperature prevention.

If the temperature reaches a certain level, it will greatly reduce the operating efficiency of the computer, and will also accelerate the aging of the circuit and reduce the service life of the computer. So you should turn off your computer every few hours to give it a break, or plug in an external fan to increase the cooling effect.

2. Use the battery correctly.

There is a limit to the number of times a computer battery can be charged, and generally the computer battery will be charged 200 times, which will greatly reduce the battery life. At the same time, because the battery will also lose battery life when the power is close to 0% due to natural discharge, the battery should be removed from the computer, fully charged every few months, then removed, refilled, and cycled to ensure the service life of the battery.

3. Antivirus.

When using computers to share resources online, try to avoid opening emails and links sent by strangers, and do not browse information or resources on informal websites. Personally, it is recommended to apply for 2 mailboxes, use 1 mailbox for communication with friends you know, and use the other mailbox for user registration or netizen communication. In this way, the leakage of personal information due to email poisoning will be avoided.

The working principle of computers can be summarized as stored program control, that is, they run instructions stored in memory (program-closed-sequence) and data (data) together to achieve a specific computing task. When a computer's processor (or processor) receives an instruction, it translates it into a series of machine language instructions, executes them step by step, and outputs the processing result based on the execution result. In addition, the computer can input and output data from external devices to perform more complex tasks.

Data and instructions are represented in binary form. Programs and data are stored in the main memory in advance, and the computer takes out the instructions from the memory in a certain order to execute them while working. It is demonstrated that there are five basic components of a computer hardware system: combinator, memory, controller, input device and output device, and the basic functions of these five parts are stipulated.

These concepts laid the basic structure of the modern computer and ushered in the era of programming. Although computer technology has developed rapidly, the principle of stored programs is still the basic working principle of computers and the basis for understanding the functions and characteristics of computer systems. Since the day computers were born, this principle has dictated the main ways people use computers – writing and running programs.

1.Memory: Memory is an important component in a computer system, which is a device used to temporarily store data and instructions.

2.Memory type: Memory can be divided into memory (RAM) and external memory (ROM), which play different roles in the system.

Memory is used to store programs and data temporarily, while external memory is used to store long-term information that can persist after multiple reboots of the system.

3.Memory address: Bytes in memory are identified by addresses, with each address pointing to a byte. The address space is the sum of the available addresses in the storage megabyte alarm, which is limited by the memory capacity.

4.Memory bytes: The data in the memory is stored in bytes, and 1 byte is composed of 8 bits.

5.Reads and writes to store potato hood information: When the CPU needs to use the data in the memory, it will issue a read instruction to read the specified data from the memory; When the CPU needs to store data in memory, it issues a write instruction to write the data to the address specified in the memory.