What is the impact of soil erosion, and what causes soil erosion?

There are seven main impacts of soil erosion in <>:

1. Destroying land resources, encroaching on farmland, and endangering the survival of the masses.

2. Weaken land fertility, cause loss of land nutrients, and exacerbate the occurrence of drought.

3. Sediment silts up the riverbed, aggravating flood disasters.

4. Sediment accumulation reservoirs and lakes reduce the comprehensive application function.

5. The increase of sediment will affect shipping and destroy the safety of waterway traffic.

6. The vicious circle of soil erosion and poverty develops simultaneously.

7. The increase of sediment causes pollution of river water sources.

The factors influencing soil erosion are divided into two categories: natural factors and human factors.

Natural factors are the prerequisites for the occurrence and development of soil erosion, which are mainly manifested in:

1.Precipitation; Generally speaking, the greater the precipitation, the greater the amount of soil erosion;

2.Terrain; Topography is an important factor affecting soil erosion, and the size of slope, slope length, slope shape, etc. have an impact on soil erosion, and the steeper the slope and the greater the surface runoff velocity, the more serious the soil erosion.

3.Soil; Soil is the main object of erosion, so the permeability, erosion resistance and erosion resistance of the soil itself will also have a great impact on soil erosion. In general, the looser the soil, the more susceptible it is to erosion;

4.Vegetation; The larger the vegetation coverage area, the smaller the soil erosion, and vice versa.

Human factors are the main causes of soil erosion, which are mainly manifested in: vegetation destruction (such as indiscriminate reclamation, indiscriminate logging, indiscriminate grazing) and sloping cultivated land reclamation (such as steep slope reclamation, downhill farming, overgrazing), or due to mining and road construction without taking necessary preventive measures, etc., will aggravate soil erosion.

The influencing factors of soil erosion refer to soil erosion, which is basically the same.

The causes of soil erosion are both natural and man-made.

Natural factors. There are four main aspects: topography, rainfall, soil (ground material composition), and vegetation.

Terrain; The steeper the slope of the ground, the faster the flow rate of surface runoff, and the stronger the erosion of the soil. The longer the slope, the more surface runoff is collected, and the stronger the scouring force.

Rainfall. Rainfall that produces soil erosion is generally a heavy rainstorm with high intensity, and the rainfall intensity exceeds the soil infiltration intensity before surface (over-permeability) runoff is generated, resulting in erosion of the ground surface.

Ground material composition.

Vegetation; Forest and grass vegetation that reaches a certain canopy density has the effect of protecting the soil from erosion. The higher the canopy density, the stronger the retention of water and soil.

The human factor. The irrational use of land by human beings has destroyed the ground vegetation and stable topography, resulting in serious soil erosion.

Destruction of vegetation.

Unreasonable farming system.

Mining.

There are seven main types of impacts on manuscripts caused by soil erosion:

1. Destroying land resources, encroaching on farmland, and endangering the survival of the masses.

2. Weaken land fertility, cause loss of land nutrients, and exacerbate the occurrence of drought.

3. Sediment silts up the riverbed, aggravating flood disasters.

4. Sediment siltation reservoirs, Qingqing or lakes, reducing the comprehensive application function.

5. The increase of sediment will affect shipping and destroy the traffic safety of the water key poor road.

6. The vicious circle of soil erosion and poverty develops simultaneously.

7. The increase of sediment causes pollution of river water sources.

There are seven main impacts of soil erosion in <>:

1. Destroying land resources, encroaching on farmland, and endangering the survival of the masses.

2. Weaken land fertility, cause loss of land nutrients, and exacerbate the occurrence of drought.

3. Sediment silts up the riverbed, aggravating flood disasters.

4. Sediment accumulation reservoirs and lakes reduce the comprehensive application function.

5. The increase of sediment will affect shipping and destroy the safety of waterway traffic.

6. The vicious circle of soil erosion and poverty develops simultaneously.

7. The increase of sediment causes pollution of river water sources.

Answer]: Soil erosion refers to the destruction and loss of water and soil resources and land productivity under the action of external forces such as water, gravity, and wind, including land surface erosion and water loss.

Soil erosion is very harmful, mainly in the following aspects: Destroying land resources and threatening human survival. Soil is the material basis for human survival, the basic element of the environment, and the most basic resource for agricultural production.

Year after year of soil erosion, the limited land resources have been severely damaged. According to preliminary estimates, due to soil erosion, the average annual loss of cultivated land due to soil erosion in China is about 1 million mu. Reducing soil fertility and exacerbating drought development.

In the lost surface soil, it contains about 20 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per ton. Due to soil erosion, the soil is becoming increasingly barren and thin, and the permeability and water-holding capacity of the soil are decreasing, which aggravates the development of agricultural drought and affects grain production. Sediment accumulation exacerbates flooding.

Soil erosion causes a large amount of sediment to be discharged, silting up reservoirs and rivers, reducing the comprehensive utilization function of reservoirs and river flood capacity, and aggravating flood disasters. Pollute water quality and affect ecological balance. Soil erosion is an important cause of water pollution.

The sediment produced by soil erosion and the loss of organic pollutants such as nutrients and chemical pesticides cause eutrophication of reservoirs, lakes and other water bodies, and destroy the ecological balance of water bodies.

1. Natural factors.

1.Climate: All climatic factors will have an impact on soil erosion, among which heavy rain is the direct driving force and main climatic factor that causes serious soil erosion.

2.Topographic geology: Ground slope, slope length, slope shape, etc. have an important impact on soil erosion.

Rock properties affect the formation of weathered matter and soil types, as well as the ability of weathered matter and soil to resist erosion. In addition, the inclination of the rock formation also has an impact on soil erosion.

3.Vegetation: Vegetation is one of the main factors in controlling soil erosion, and vegetation has the effect of slowing down water and wind erosion under almost any conditions.

It can cover the ground, intercept rainfall, slow down the flow rate, disperse the flow, filter the silt, consolidate the soil and improve the soil, and can reduce or prevent soil erosion. Once vegetation is destroyed, soil erosion can occur and develop.

Second, the human factor.

1.Rapid population growth, serious overload of environmental population capacity, continuous destruction of vegetation to reclaim wasteland, excessive use of natural resources, resulting in unreasonable land use structure, excessive proportion of cultivated land (mainly sloping cultivated land), extensive agricultural management, very low production level, overgrazing of natural grassland, serious degradation, can not play the benefits of ecological protection, resulting in aggravation of soil erosion, deterioration of the ecological environment.

2.The vicious circle of "the poorer you are, the less you accumulate, and the less you accumulate, the poorer you are". In addition, man-made sabotage activities such as indiscriminate excavation and deforestation, as well as production and construction projects in recent years, have not paid attention to the protection of water and soil resources, natural vegetation and soil and water conservation facilities, resulting in man-made soil erosion.

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The causes of soil erosion are both natural and man-made.

Natural causes: 1. The terrain is undulating and the slope is steep.

2. Loose soil.

3. Heavy precipitation and concentrated in summer, with heavy rainfall.

4. Low vegetation coverage.

Human causes: 1. Excessive reclamation, destruction of wild land, excessive grazing, and excessive wood mining.

2. Open mines. 3. Unreasonable land use.

4. The spine planting answer was destroyed.

Recommendations on soil erosion control:

1) According to the local land conditions, plant trees and grasses according to local conditions to improve the vegetation coverage.

2) Appropriately improved terrain undulations such as repairing terraces, repairing fiber swimming dams, and digging fish scale pits.

3) Returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and prohibiting the cultivation of land on steep slopes.

4) Strengthen the ability of scientific and technological innovation.

5) Strengthen the publicity of people's awareness of environmental protection and improve people's awareness of protection.

1. Hydraulic erosion is the most widely distributed, and it will produce hydraulic erosion during heavy rain in mountainous areas, hilly areas and all sloped grounds. It is characterized by the fact that water from the ground is used as a power to wash away the soil.

Earth. For example: the Loess Plateau.

2. Gravity erosion is mainly distributed in the gullies and steep slopes in mountainous and hilly areas, and on the walls of the ditches on both sides of the steep slopes and ditches, part of which is hollowed out by the water flow, and due to the gravity of the soil and its soil-forming parent material, it can not continue to remain in its original position, and it collapses in scattered or patches.

3. Wind erosion is mainly distributed in the desert, sandy land and hilly covered sand areas in northwest, north and northeast China, followed by the southeast coastal sandy land, and then the "yellow flood area" in Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces (historically formed due to the diversion of sediment from the Yellow River). It is characterized by the fact that the wind lifts up the sand grains, leaves their original position, and floats with the wind to land in another place. For example:

Hexi Corridor and the Loess Plateau.

In addition, it can be divided into freeze-thaw erosion, glacial erosion, mixed erosion, wind erosion, plant erosion and chemical erosion.