Who can give the bilingual information of the Susu people, urgently needed! The more complete, the b

Susu people. The Susu people are an ethnic group that lives across borders, with a total population of more than 1 million people at home and abroad. Among them, the domestic population is more than 10,000 (according to the 1990 national census); There are more than 400,000 foreign populations, mainly distributed in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, India, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries.

Lushui, Fugong, Gongshan and Lanping counties in Nujiang Susu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province are the main areas inhabited by the Susu people, with a population of more than 200,000. the rest are distributed in Lijiang, Yongsheng, Huaping and Ninglang counties in Lijiang area of Yunnan Province; Weixi, Deqin and Shangri-La counties in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; Tengchong, Longling and Changning counties in Baoshan City; Luxi, Yingjiang, Lianghe, Ruili and Longchuan counties in Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture; Luquan, Wuding and other counties in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture; Yunlong, Binchuan and other counties in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Yanyuan, Yanbian, Muli, Xichang and other places in Sichuan Province are in a state of distribution of "large dispersion and small settlement". Except for the Susu people in Nujiang Susu Autonomous Prefecture, where the Susu people live relatively together and form large villages, most of the Susu people in other places live in a staggered manner with the Han, Yi, Naxi, Bai, Dai, Jingpo and other ethnic groups.

The Nujiang Grand Canyon, the main inhabited area of the Susu ethnic group, is located on the border between China and Myanmar, with a land area of 14,703 square kilometers and a long national border. From east to west, the territory is Yunling, Lancang River, Biluo Snow Mountain, Nujiang River, Gaoligong Mountain, Dulong River, Dandanlika Mountain, which are continuous and continuous, and the mountains and rivers run through, forming the Grand Canyon landform of "four mountains and three rivers". The Nujiang Grand Canyon is known as the "Oriental Grand Canyon" for its majesty, magnificence and steepness.

The two sides of the canyon are steep mountains and dense forests. The difference between the altitude of the river valley and the mountain is more than 3,000 meters, and the complex terrain and the huge difference in altitude give birth to the three-dimensional climate of "ten miles of different days, one mountain is divided into four seasons" in the Nujiang River Basin, forming a unique climate zone where hot, warm and cold coexist, providing unique conditions for the reproduction of various animals and the growth of plants, becoming a natural treasure house of animals and plants, enjoying the reputation of "animal kingdom" and "plant gene bank".

The Susu people are the main ethnic minority living near the Nujiang River Gorge, and they have their own ethnic characteristics, such as: "Tongxin Wine" is the highest etiquette of the Susu people in the Nujiang Grand Canyon.

They also have their own "Kutoshi" (New Year's Festival) festival, during which people not only worship their ancestors at home, congratulate each other, or hold entertainment activities such as crossbow shooting, dancing, and duet songs in the village, but also bring luggage or food to the hot springs far away from the village to hold a "bathhouse meeting" where poems and songs are held. "Knife Pole Festival" is the most solemn and sacred national traditional festival of the Susu compatriots.

The Lisu people have used three scripts, and one of them is similar to Chinese characters, which was invented by their own people

The most common script is the artificial alphabet Fushi script, invented by the missionary Fu Nengren in 1915. This Fugh script resembles a capital Latin alphabet and is marked for tone. The text is all sans-serif, capitalized, and phonetically unrelated to the existing Latin alphabet, so it is not compatible.

This script is still used in religious ceremonies.

The second is a script created in the 1920s by a Lisu farmer from Weixi, Wa Ninbo, who imitated Chinese characters.

The third is the new Latin alphabet script created by the state language agency after the founding of the People's Republic of China. This type of writing is usually only used for the written records of linguists.

Imaginary words and word order are the main grammatical devices. The word order is: subject-object-predicate, such as 嬜ua44 (me) zu33 (barley) khua33 (broadcast) "I sow barley".

When personal pronouns and nouns are used as definite words, they are preceded by the central language, such as na35 (your) 堭i33 (sister) "your sister", a44y (uncle) za31 (son) "uncle's son". When the quantifier is used as a definite, it follows the central language, such as a55 怱i31 (cow), thi43 (a), kha35 (article) "a cow". When a demonstrative pronoun is used together with a quantitative phrase to form a definite, the word order is noun-demonstrative-quantifier, such as h?

33mi33 (ground) go33 (that) thi31 (a) 掵hua44 (block) "that piece of land". When an adjective without a structural particle is used as a definite, after the central language, such as 堭ho33 (人) 扵 i33 (好) "good person", si35 (tree) 憴 (big) "big tree". The adverbial is before the central language, and the complement is after the central language, such as ni35堭ha44 (fast) ɡe33 (go) "go quickly", ɡe33 (go) mi44 (fast) "go fast".

Particles include te33 or le33 for the subject, t 55 or l 55 for the object, and a55ma44 for the definite. For example, MA55PHA31 (teacher) NE33 (subject particle), SO44SU44 (student) T 55 (object particle) MA55 (teach) "Teacher teaches student". In the above example, because there is an object particle, the object can be placed in front of the subject, such as so44su44 (student), t 55 (object particle), ma55pha31 (teacher), ne33 (subject particle), ma55 (teach).

The adjective adjective is added to the auxiliary before the central language, such as lo55bi33 (beautiful) a55ma44 (definite particle) ba33堭hi31 (clothes) "beautiful clothes". There are also particles placed at the end of sentences to indicate various moods, such as mu31, l 31 (to imply), ha31 (to command), 嬜 42, mo55 (to question), m 55, l 55 (to exclaim).

Some verbs use the initials to clear the voiced voice and the tone change to indicate automatic or passive, such as do33 "drink" and to33 "hey"; LU44 "Automatic", LU55 "Passive".

There are a small number of additional components, such as the adjective preceded by the component a31 becomes a noun to indicate a noun of that nature, such as e55n 44 "black", e55go31 "empty"; Words for time, place, and person are preceded by the component a) to indicate doubt, e.g. a44th 31 "when", a31ma44 "who". After the verb, add su44 to become a noun, indicating the person who performs the action, and adding du33 also becomes a noun, but it indicates the object that accepts the action, such as 扷a31su44 "eater" and 憴su44 "seller"; 扷a31du33 "food", 憴du33 "goods, goods".

Lisu is the language of the Lisu people, which belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. He has used three types of scripts.

One is the pinyin script created by Western missionaries;

One is a syllabic script created by farmers in Weixi County;

There is also a new type of writing in the form of Latin letters created after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Lisu language, genealogical classification belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family Yi language branch. There are 6 tones.

Lisu is the language of the Lisu people, which belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and has used three scripts successively. One is the pinyin script created by Western missionaries, the other is the syllabic script created by farmers in Weixi County, and the other is the new Latin alphabet form created after the founding of New China.

Lisu language, which belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family in terms of genealogical classification, has 6 tones. The Lisu people are mainly found in Yunnan, China, but also in Myanmar, northern Thailand, and Vietnam.

There are 28 initials: p, ph, b, m, f, v, t, th, d, n, l, 堭, 堭h, 扷, s, z, 掵, 掵h, 扵, 唗, k, kh, ɡ, 嬜, x, , h, 28.

The finals are mainly single sounds, with 8 vowels of i, e, a, o, u, y, and lu, and 捳, 埣, and ?, 堚, 愯 6 nasal vowels.

Each vowel has a relatively tight vowel. There are 6 diad vowels with i and u as the middle sound: i, io, ue, u, ua, and u.

There are no consonant endings. There are 6 tones, of which the 44 and 42 vowels are tight throats. If you press the vowels tightly, there are only 4 tones.