A brief description of the causes of volcanic eruptions and formation

Continental drift is caused by thermal convection of mantle materials。。 How did you solve the problem so quickly, it was clear that it wasn't the right answer...

Volcanic activity is also caused by lava activity deep underground, volcanoes do not necessarily come out in the form of eruptions, they may just overflow, depending on the energy and type of lava accumulated at the time...

What are volcanoes made of? Below the surface, the deeper you go, the warmer it gets. At a depth of about 32 kilometers above the surface, the temperature is high enough to melt most of the rock.

The rock expands when it melts, requiring more space. In some parts of the world, mountains are rising. The pressure is decreasing beneath these rising mountains, and a reservoir of lava (also called "magma") may be forming underneath these mountains.

This substance rises along the cracks caused by the uplift. When the pressure in the lava reservoir is greater than the pressure on the rock roof above it, it bursts outward into a volcano.

During an eruption, a red-hot gas, liquid, or solid substance suddenly emerges. These materials accumulate around the opening, forming a cone-shaped mountain. A "crater" is a depression at the top of a volcanic cone, with openings leading to the surface.

The cone-shaped mountain is a product of volcanic formation. The material emitted by the volcano is mainly gas, but large amounts of volcanic rock and solid material such as slag and ash are also ejected.

In fact, volcanic rock is magma that has been erupted by a volcano, and when the magma rises to a height close to the earth's surface, its temperature and pressure begin to drop, and physical and chemical changes occur, and the magma becomes volcanic rock.

Volcanic eruptions are a natural phenomenon. The reason is that molten matter in the Earth's interior is ejected under pressure. The types of volcanoes are active, extinct, and dormant. The only way to control volcanic activity is to prevent it in advance.

The Earth's interior is uneven in temperature and density, forming mantle convection or mantle plumes in the mantle. When the hot material rises to the shallow part of the earth, it melts partially due to the decrease in pressure. Under the action of external forces, these molten materials come together and form a magma sac in the shallow part of the earth.

When the pressure of the magma sac is greater than the pressure of the formation, the magma breaks through the earth's crust along the fault or weak point, causing a volcanic eruption. Another type of volcanism is caused by plate interactions, such as in the subduction zone or collision zone of the plate, where friction forms local high temperatures, and the dehydration of some water-bearing minerals also reduces the melting point of rocks, which also forms magma sacs, which trigger volcanic activity.

Volcanic eruptions are a spectacular natural phenomenon in nature that many people are curious about. But do you know what is the main reason behind the eruption? Below we will ** this question from multiple angles.

The movement of the Earth's tectonic plates is an important cause of volcanic eruptions.

The movement of the Earth's tectonic plates is one of the important causes of volcanic eruptions. Due to the constant movement and change in the interior of the earth, the earth's plates will constantly move and collide, and the energy generated by these collisions and frictions will lead to the rise of mountain magma. When magma collects on the surface and extends beyond the Earth's surface, this pressure triggers a volcanic eruption.

The thermal action in the Earth's interior can also lead to mountain eruptions.

Thermal action in the Earth's interior is also one of the causes of volcanic eruptions. The heat and energy in the Earth's interior can cause magma to rise, producing volcanic eruptions. In addition, over time, the magma will gradually cool and become more viscous, making it more difficult for the crater to expand.

Climate change is an external driver of volcanic eruptions.

Climate change can also have a significant impact on volcanic eruptions. In a warming climate, icebergs built on volcanic areas melt faster, producing water that enters the rocks below, increasing the likelihood of rock expansion. In addition, other climate change factors, such as rainfall, duration, and frequency, can exert a certain degree of external impetus for volcanic eruptions.

The history of volcanic activity is also part of the cause of volcanic eruptions.

The history of volcanic activity is not the direct cause of the eruption, but it does have an impact on the eruption. Volcanoes that have erupted in the past may have an impact on the activity around the current area, and these effects may be one of the important factors that increase or decrease volcanic activity.

Conclusion. In summary, the main causes of volcanic eruptions are the movement of the earth's tectonic plates, the thermal action in the earth's interior, climate change, and the history of volcanic activity. A deeper understanding of these causes can help us better understand volcanic eruptions and better protect our environment.

In the "Rocks and Minerals" section of Science 4, there is a simulation experiment of "volcanic eruption", that is, the carbon dioxide gas produced by the chemical reaction of baking soda and vinegar is used to make a large number of bubbles in detergents such as dish soap or soapy water in the bottle, which overflow and flow along the aluminum foil to the newspaper. The spilled bubbles in the experiment are equivalent to magma, the mouth of the bottle is the crater, the aluminum foil is the volcanic body, and the newspaper represents the ground. Although this experiment is a relatively vivid explanation of the formation of pumice, I think it is inappropriate to understand the phenomenon and principle of volcanic eruptions through this experiment alone.

The eruption principle of this experiment is that baking soda and vinegar produce a chemical reaction, but is the intrinsic cause of the real volcanic eruption caused by a chemical reaction?

Gaseous**.

In the gestation stage of volcanic eruption, due to the occurrence of gas dissolution and earthquake swarming, the degree of fracture of the overlying rock increases, the pressure decreases, and the amount of gas dissolution in the magma body increases, the magma volume gradually expands, the density decreases, and the internal pressure increases.

Formation of eruption columns.

After the gas**, the gas ejects the cuttings and deep magma in the channel into the air with great ejection force, forming a tall eruption column.

The collapse of the eruption column.

During the upward movement, the eruption column carries debris of different particle size and density, which collapses at different heights and at different stages according to the gravity.

Based on my understanding of the data, I think that the real internal cause of volcanic eruptions is the pressure difference, and the reason for the pressure difference is the temperature difference, the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction. When the crater is unable to withstand it, the high-pressure gas first breaks through the rock layer of the crater, and then the magma erupts out ......

Obviously, the chemical reaction of baking soda with vinegar does not represent the true principle of volcanic eruptions!

I think it's more in line with the principle of a volcanic eruption to design such a simulation: fill the bottom of a flask with some floodwater, seal it with a rubber stopper with a small straw, and seal the straw mouth with wax oil. Then the flask is heated, when the temperature rises, the red water inside is like high-temperature magma, due to the continuous expansion of red water and air, the pressure inside continues to increase, and finally breaks through the sealed wax block, spewing red water...

Volcanoes are a special geological phenomenon on Earth, which is a manifestation of material activity in the Earth's interior. When a volcano erupts, it will release high-temperature and high-pressure magma, gas, volcanic ash and other materials, which will continue to erupt and form special landforms, so what landforms will be formed by volcanic eruptions?

Calderas and lava fields.

One of the main geomorphological features of the volcano is the crater. When the mountain erupts, lava erupts from the depths, and when the lava cools in the air, it forms hardened basalt, which accumulates around the crater and eventually forms a huge crater. The size, depth, and shape of the crater all depend on the type of volcano and the energy of the eruption.

In addition, there are often lava fields around the crater. At the time of the most recent eruption, large amounts of lava flowed onto the plains around the crater, covering the original meadows, forests, and land. These lavas, when cooled, form a layer of hard, stony ground called lava fields.

Lava fields are usually very smooth, even shiny like black glass.

A mountain topography formed by a volcanic eruption.

Volcanic eruptions can also create some unique mountain formations. In the early stages of volcanic eruptions, lava erupts from the crater, creating a cluster of small volcanoes called paravolcanoes. During a volcanic eruption, if a large amount of lava is constantly rushing out of the crater, this lava forms a mountain-like plateau around it, called a volcanic mound.

Volcanic mounds are often very steep, making them difficult to climb and traverse.

The mountain topography formed by volcanic eruptions also includes volcanic cones and chrysanthemum rocks. A volcanic cone is the highest peak formed by a volcanic eruption, usually in the shape of a cone, made up of as much volcanic material as possible. Highly weathered basalt detritus such as quartz, albite, and potassium feldspar scatter with volcanic eruptors, and chrysanthemum rocks can easily form on the surface.

Chrysanthemum rocks have a special morphology that takes on the shape of chrysanthemums, which is due to the different directions and velocities of lava flow.

Plains and ash accumulations formed by volcanic eruptions.

Volcanic eruptions release large amounts of volcanic ash and other magma and gaseous materials that are constantly erupting and falling to the ground. Prolonged eruptions and landings can cause volcanic eruptions to create some unique plains. These plains are usually very fertile because volcanic ash contains a lot of minerals that are of great help for agriculture and plant growth.

The accumulation of volcanic ash is another important geomorphological feature of volcanic eruptions, which is formed when volcanic ash falls. Volcanic ash is fine particulate matter ejected from lava that is carried by high-velocity volcanic air currents during a volcanic eruption and then rapidly falls to the ground. A prolonged descent can cause a large amount of ash to accumulate on the ground, forming a thick layer of volcanic ash accumulation.

Conclusion In general, volcanic eruptions can form many unique geomorphological features, including craters, volcanic cones, lava fields, volcanic hounds, chrysanthemum rocks, volcanic ash accumulations, plains, and so on. These features are important and have had a profound impact on the evolutionary history of humans and the planet.