Water conservancy project The problem of the Three Gorges Project

1. That's basically how water is stored. Whether the natural terrain is stable or not is determined by investigation and monitoring, you can rest assured. The canyon of the Three Gorges, which was cut out of the Yangtze River, has existed for many, many years, and is generally stable.

Whether the water will overflow from the lower places is also being monitored. The water level of the reservoir can be controlled, and if you feel that there is too much water or a lot of water will come upstream, you will release some of the water in the reservoir.

2. There are many tributaries of the Yangtze River, and these tributaries have many small tributaries, and most of the rainwater in a large area passes through these tributaries and finally collects into the Yangtze River, so the flood is very large. Some tributaries and lakes collect a lot of local water, and the local area is seriously affected, so the impact area is large. The impact of floods is large, first of all, because of the large range of rain and the amount of precipitation.

For the Three Gorges, there is a large reservoir to store water, and sweat is actually released during the flood season.

[Pro].

1. Flood control

Upstream damming can regulate the flow of water, reduce the impact of floods on the middle and lower reaches, water conservancy engineering facilities such as embankments can also prevent tidal sand and river water from scouring the opposite bank, maintain water and soil, have a flood control effect on low-lying cities, and prevent: flood damage to agriculture.

2. Use water

Solve the problem of local water use and rationally allocate water resources. For example, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has solved the problem of water shortage in the north. It also increases the carrying capacity of water resources and improves the efficiency of resource allocation.

3. Shipping

After the dam is impounded, the upstream river channel is wider and deeper, improving the upstream navigation conditions and reducing the impact of the season on navigation.

4. Power supply

Hydropower is a sustainable development of Qingji energy, reducing the use of fuel oil, coal pollution to the environment, such as the Three Gorges Hydropower Station has effectively solved the energy crisis in southern China, driving rapid economic growth.

5. Tourism

Tourism increases the humidity of the surrounding area, improves the growth of surrounding vegetation, and promotes tourism.

6. Irrigation

For example, Dujiangyan is responsible for the irrigation of farmland in the Sichuan Basin, and the water supply for enterprises and urban life in Chengdu. As well as flood control, power generation, water drifting, aquaculture, aquaculture, forest and fruit, tourism, environmental protection and other target comprehensive services, its irrigation area scale ranks first in the country.

[Cons].

1. Impact on fish

The construction of dams will change the flow rate, water temperature, water level and other information, which will inevitably affect the spawning and growth of fish. The construction of some of these dams has cut off their migratory routes, preventing some fish from spawning and significantly declining their populations, affecting population reproduction.

2. Sediment problem

The construction of dams on the river blocks the natural river channel, resulting in the change of the flow regime of the river channel, and then triggers the change of the hydrological characteristics of the entire upstream and downstream of the river and the estuary, which is the biggest ecological problem brought about by the dam construction, which will lead to the gradual precipitation of some suspended sediment and sediment, resulting in the siltation of the reservoir and the corrosion of the drainage buildings, which will further lead to frequent natural disasters, land salinization, and the decline of the fertility of the upper soil, resulting in the long-term salinization and swamping of a large area of soil.

Cause geological disasters, including **, landslides, rock avalanches, debris flows, etc.: reservoirs built on fault zones and geological catastrophe areas, water bodies gather, resulting in changes in the earth's crustal structure, may become the conditions for inducing **, such as the biggest drawback of the Three Gorges Project, the northeast fault of Qiyue Mountain, and is likely to cause **.

Pros: 1. It has improved the flood control capacity of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and its benefits are huge2. Output powerful and clean hydropower energy, reduce the consumption of fossil energy, and greatly reduce environmental pollution3. The waterway of the Sichuan River below Chongqing has been deepened and widened, which has greatly improved the shipping capacity (the annual capacity has exceeded 100 million tons), and water transportation is the most economical, so it has also reduced environmental pollution4. Provide water sources for increasing water supply for the second phase of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project5. Improve the flow rate in the middle and lower reaches of the dry season.

Disadvantages: 1. Relatively speaking, the discharge of clean water will make the middle and lower reaches of the riverbed partially cut down, resulting in local bank collapse and reduced water intake elevation (local engineering measures can be taken to solve the problem), and the riverbed will be beneficial to the flood flow after the downcut;2. Cause geological problems in the reservoir area, such as landslides (monitoring can be strengthened or engineering measures can be taken). The so-called inducement of Wenchuan ** and changed the general climate is nonsense for laymen.

The Sanmenxia Dam was originally built by the Soviet Union with China's aid.

As a result, China and the Soviet Union later became hostile, and the Soviet Union withdrew its experts to aid the construction, but only built a foundation at that time, and had not yet begun to do it.

In the end, I had to make one on my own, and the power generation capacity was very small, at least much smaller than expected.

So it's a failed project.

The Sanmenxia water conservancy project was originally very successful, but because some people seemed panicked in the face of a small setback, they gave their opponents an opportunity to take advantage of it, and repeatedly rebuilt it, abandoning the original design plan.

However, despite this, as far as flood control in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is concerned, it has been successful!

Some people think that the Sanmenxia Water Conservancy Project is a comprehensive utilization project, in addition to flood control, power generation, irrigation, shipping and other functions have not reached the design goals, so they think that it is a failure, hehe, this is the position of hostile forces!

The role of the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project: flood control, power generation, shipping. The Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project, located in Sandouping Town, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China, 38 kilometers away from the downstream Gezhouba Water Conservancy Project, is the largest hydropower project in the world and the largest project ever built in China.

Flood control: After the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, a huge reservoir will be formed to store floodwaters, so that the flood control capacity of the downstream Jingjiang embankment will be increased from defending against a flood that occurs once in ten years to resisting a major flood that occurs once in a century, and the flood control reservoir capacity will be between 73 and 22 billion cubic meters. In the event of a flood like the one in 1954, the Three Gorges could reduce the flood diversion by 100 to 15 billion cubic meters, and the section from the Jingjiang River to Wuhan still needs to divert 350 to 40 billion cubic meters.

In the event of the 1998 flood, it can be effectively defended.

Power generation: The Three Gorges Hydropower Station is the world's largest hydropower station, with a capacity of 18.2 million kilowatts. The annual power generation of this hydropower station is equivalent to the energy emitted by the complete combustion of 4 million tons of standard coal.

Installed capacity (26 6) 700,000 (18.2 million 4.2 million) kilowatts, annual power generation of 100 million kWh. Mainly in Central China, East China, South China, Chongqing and other regions.

Shipping: The Three Gorges Project is located at the junction of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with a unique geographical location, which can canalize the section from Sandouping to Chongqing on the upper side, and increase the dry season flow of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River below the Gezhouba Water Conservancy Hub, which can fully improve the navigation conditions between Chongqing and Wuhan and meet the needs of the long-term development of the shipping industry in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The navigable capacity can be increased from the current 10 million tons per year to 50 million tons.

The Three Gorges Project, also known as the Three Gorges Hydropower Station, is also known as the Three Gorges Hydropower Station. The Xiling Gorge section of the Yangtze River in Yichang City, Hubei Province, China, and the Gezhouba Hydropower Station downstream constitute a cascade power station.

The Three Gorges Project is the world's largest hydropower station and the largest project ever built in China. The Three Gorges Hydropower Station has more than 10 functions, such as shipping, power generation, planting, and so on. The Three Gorges Hydropower Station was approved by the National People's Congress of China in 1992, officially started construction in 1994, began to store water for power generation on the afternoon of June 1, 2003, and was completed in 2009.

The dam elevation of the Chongzheng Three Gorges Hydropower Station is 185 meters, the water storage elevation is 175 meters, the reservoir is 2,335 meters long, and the static investment is 100 million yuan, and 32 hydropower units with a single capacity of 700,000 kilowatts are installed. The last hydropower unit of the Three Gorges Power Station, which was put into operation on July 4, 2012, means that the installed capacity has reached 22.4 million kilowatts, and on July 4, 2012, the Three Gorges Project has become the world's largest hydropower station and clean energy production base.

The advantages are:

Flood control (98 years of the Yangtze River flood), power generation (transmission distance is 500 kilometers in central China and 1,000 kilometers in East China, Guangdong, and there are environmental benefits), shipping (Yichang to Chongqing 600 kilometers of the Sichuan River channel, large drop, rapid current, many dangerous shoals, low navigation capacity, the Three Gorges Project can fundamentally improve shipping conditions).

Environmental benefits (the impact is mainly in the middle and lower reaches, which is conducive to the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in the middle and lower reaches, reduces the triviality and sediment accumulation of Dongting Lake, increases the flow of the middle and lower reaches in the dry season, improves the water quality in the dry season, and regulates the local climate).

Unfavorable: The reservoir area (the main adverse impact area, inundation of land, cultivated land, in the process of resettlement development and urban relocation, improper treatment may produce new problems such as soil erosion and environmental pollution, which may induce **, and increase the possibility of geological disasters such as landslides. It will have a certain impact on the living environment of aquatic organisms and rare species, and water storage will increase mosquito breeding and affect the health of the population).

Cultural monuments (some landscapes such as rapids and rapids that were unique to the original will disappear, and some scenic spots and cultural relics will be submerged, but there will be a majestic landscape of "high gorges out of Pinghu").