What are the pros and cons of the Three Gorges Project, and what are the pros and cons of the Three

The storage capacity of 22.1 billion yuan refers to the fact that the Three Gorges Reservoir has such a large capacity to hold back floods during the flood season. This will ensure the safety of 23 million acres of cultivated land and 15 million people in the middle and lower reaches. This is the most important goal of the Three Gorges Project.

It should be said that the construction of the dam has improved the original ecological environment. Plus, because of such a tall dam, we have access to clean energy. It generates the equivalent of burning 50 million tons of coal in a year.

By replacing coal with water, 120 million tonnes of carbon dioxide could be emitted into the atmosphere each year. It also reduces the formation of acid rain due to carbon dioxide. This is not only an improvement for China's environment, but also for the improvement of the entire global environment.

This is the environmental aspect of the Three Gorges Project.

However, there is also a downside. It is going to flood the land, but it will flood some barren land, and the quantity is very small; It wants to relocate 1.13 million people, but only in some poor and backward areas. Thanks to the construction of the Three Gorges Project, the quality of life of these people has improved by leaps and bounds after they have been relocated.

This is also the transformation of the Three Gorges Project from a negative side to a favorable side.

The Three Gorges Reservoir does not have a large number of forests, it is not an area with a very good natural ecology, and of course it will also flood some cultural relics, which are some relics left by ancient residents here. However, after the construction of the Three Gorges Project, some important cultural relics have been relocated and protected. Comparing the pros and cons, the pros outweigh the cons.

Therefore, in 1992, China made the decision to build the Three Gorges Project.

Pro: It solves the problem of power shortage in China.

Disadvantages: It has caused irreparable damage to the entire Three Gorges ecosystem, and many species have become extinct as a result.

[Pro].

1. Flood control

Upstream damming can regulate the flow of water, reduce the impact of floods on the middle and lower reaches, water conservancy engineering facilities such as embankments can also prevent tidal sand and river water from scouring the opposite bank, maintain water and soil, have a flood control effect on low-lying cities, and prevent: flood damage to agriculture.

2. Use water

Solve the problem of local water use and rationally allocate water resources. For example, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has solved the problem of water shortage in the north. It also increases the carrying capacity of water resources and improves the efficiency of resource allocation.

3. Shipping

After the dam is impounded, the upstream river channel is wider and deeper, improving the upstream navigation conditions and reducing the impact of the season on navigation.

4. Power supply

Hydropower is a sustainable development of Qingji energy, reducing the use of fuel oil, coal pollution to the environment, such as the Three Gorges Hydropower Station has effectively solved the energy crisis in southern China, driving rapid economic growth.

5. Tourism

Tourism increases the humidity of the surrounding area, improves the growth of surrounding vegetation, and promotes tourism.

6. Irrigation

For example, Dujiangyan is responsible for the irrigation of farmland in the Sichuan Basin, and the water supply for enterprises and urban life in Chengdu. As well as flood control, power generation, water drifting, aquaculture, aquaculture, forest and fruit, tourism, environmental protection and other target comprehensive services, its irrigation area scale ranks first in the country.

[Cons].

1. Impact on fish

The construction of dams will change the flow rate, water temperature, water level and other information, which will inevitably affect the spawning and growth of fish. The construction of some of these dams has cut off their migratory routes, preventing some fish from spawning and significantly declining their populations, affecting population reproduction.

2. Sediment problem

The construction of dams on the river blocks the natural river channel, resulting in the change of the flow regime of the river channel, and then triggers the change of the hydrological characteristics of the entire upstream and downstream of the river and the estuary, which is the biggest ecological problem caused by the dam construction, which will lead to the gradual precipitation of part of the suspended sediment and the sediment of the shifting matter, resulting in the siltation of the reservoir and the corrosion of the drainage buildings, which will further lead to frequent natural disasters, land salinization, and the decline of the fertility of the upper soil, resulting in the long-term salinization and swamping of a large area of soil.

Cause geological disasters, including **, landslides, rock avalanches, debris flows, etc.: reservoirs built on fault zones and geological catastrophe areas, water bodies gather, resulting in changes in the earth's crustal structure, may become the conditions for inducing **, such as the biggest drawback of the Three Gorges Project, the northeast fault of Qiyue Mountain, and is likely to cause **.

Pros: 1. It has improved the flood control capacity of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and its benefits are huge; 2. Output powerful and clean hydropower energy, reduce the consumption of fossil energy, and greatly reduce environmental pollution; 3. The deepening and widening of the Sichuan River channel below Chongqing has greatly improved the shipping capacity (the annual capacity has exceeded 100 million tons), and water transportation is the most economical, so it has also reduced environmental pollution; 4. Provide water sources for increasing water supply for the second phase of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project; 5. Improve the flow rate in the dry season of the middle and lower reaches.

Disadvantages: 1. Relatively speaking, the discharge of clean water will make the middle and lower reaches of the riverbed partially cut down, resulting in local bank collapse and reduced water intake elevation (local engineering measures can be taken to solve the problem), and the riverbed will be beneficial to the flood flow after the downcut; 2. Cause geological problems in the reservoir area, such as landslides (monitoring can be strengthened or engineering measures can be taken). The so-called inducement of Wenchuan ** and changed the general climate is nonsense for laymen.

The advantage of the Three Gorges Project lies in flood control, China is very typical of the southeast monsoon climate, rainfall distribution is very uneven, after the construction of the Three Gorges Project, it can be very effective in improving the flood control standards in the downstream, and can also effectively delay the siltation of rivers. The disadvantage is that the downstream water level is lowered and the quality of the surrounding natural environment is reduced.

Three Gorges Project. The Three Gorges Hydropower Station, also known as the Three Gorges Project, is a cascade power station in the Xiling Gorge section of the Yangtze River in Yichang City, Hubei Province, China, and the Gezhouba Hydropower Station downstream.

The Three Gorges Hydropower Station is the world's largest hydropower station and the largest construction project in China's history.

The Three Gorges Hydropower Station was approved by the National People's Congress of China in 1992, officially started construction in 1994, began to store water for power generation on the afternoon of June 1, 2003, and was completed in 2009.

<>Profit:

1, flood control: reservoir flood control reservoir capacity of 100 million cubic meters, can effectively control the upstream into the middle and lower reaches of the plain flood, in case of a 100-year flood, can control the flow of the Jingjiang River section within the safe range without using the Jingjiang flood distribution area, in case of a 1,000-year flood or 1870 type flood, can control the flow of Zhicheng station does not exceed 80,000 cubic meters per second.

2. Power generation: The installed capacity of the power station is 17.68 million kilowatts, with an average annual power generation of 84 billion kilowatt hours, which can supply power to Central China, East China and East Sichuan. It can replace about 50 million tons of coal every year, which can reduce the pressure of coal transportation in the above-mentioned areas, and can reduce the environmental pollution caused by coal burning in thermal power plants.

3. Shipping: After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, the backwater of the reservoir will form a 660-kilometer-long deep-water channel, which can improve the conditions of the waterway below Chongqing. Due to the inundation of dangerous shoals, the increase of navigation depth, the slowing down of slopes, and the reduction of flow speed, the transportation efficiency of ships will be significantly improved, and the transportation cost can be reduced by 35% and 37% compared with the current level, which will greatly accelerate the development of the Yangtze River shipping industry.

Cons:

For the early completion of the Three Gorges Project, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, and other provinces and municipalities have made tremendous sacrifices, submerging large tracts of fertile land and relocating tens of thousands of industrial and mining industries.

1. The key bed-building quality in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River that affects the evolution of the riverbed is gravel and pebbles, not sediment. The Three Gorges area is a limestone landform, the pressure of the water is so great, and the veins of the Three Gorges area are criss-crossed, and it is a plate extrusion area that is very prone to occur.

With so much water accumulating in a long and narrow river valley, it is so dangerous that not a single grain of gravel and pebbles that have been expelled from Kuimen every year after the dam is repaired will not be discharged, and it may block the port of Chongqing within ten years, and extend upstream year by year, flooding the Jiangjin River during the flood season.

2. China has the most abundant water resources, ranking first in the world, not the sixth as some people say. What China lacks is cultivated land where there is water. After the completion of the reservoir, 500,000 acres of land will be flooded, and more will be used in exchange for electricity, which is not advisable. For details, see "On the Relationship between Precipitation and Water Resources".

3. The economic feasibility of the Three Gorges Power Station is not valid considering the pebble deposits, and it is two or three times more expensive than large and medium-sized power stations in mountainous areas. The economic accounting in the report is wrong. In 18 years, there will be only payment, no output, and no solution to the current problem of electricity shortage.

Any human project has a negative impact on nature and the environment, and China's great Three Gorges Dam is no exception.

First, the ecological damage to the Yangtze River basin is that the Three Gorges Dam is too high in the upper reaches of the water level, resulting in the loss of long-standing balance between the upstream and the lower water systems, which will cause the extinction of many organisms or block the upstream return of some organisms. This is how the fish in the rapids are affected.

The second is the impact on the Chinese sturgeon, a fish endemic to the long-stream, which once caused this fish to be on the verge of extinction. But the state has already taken steps to protect the fish endemic to the Yangtze River.

Third, due to the imbalance of water level, the dam breaks the conventional water level and balance, which leads to an increase in the contrast between the upstream climate and the downstream climate, which not only affects the climate of the entire Changliu basin, but also aggravates the ecological balance and development of the Yangtze River basin because of climate changes.

Fourth, if the Three Gorges Dam is damaged by a foreign hostile country, it will cause devastating damage to a large area of developed cities downstream, which is a safety hazard.

Fifth, the Three Gorges Dam produces a large amount of construction waste, which is a permanent waste to the earth in the future.

Although the Three Gorges Dam has many hazards, it is a great miracle of the world for the benefit of mankind, and it is crucial for human beings to regulate water sources and conserve resources.

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The total construction period of the Three Gorges Project is 17 years. By then, the Three Gorges Project will be completed. So, what are the benefits of building the Three Gorges Project?

In summary, there are the following aspects: 1. Flood control. As mentioned earlier, flood control is the primary starting point for the construction of the Three Gorges Project.

The normal water storage level of the Three Gorges Project is 175 meters, and there is a flood control reservoir with a capacity of 100 million cubic meters, and the flood control efficiency is very remarkable, which can raise the flood control standard of the Jingjiang River section from once in 10 years to once in 100 years. If the Jingjiang Flood Diversion Project and other flood distribution and storage areas are used in combination, the flood prevention standard can be raised to once in a thousand years, and the impact of flood disasters can basically be eliminated. According to the survey data, the average annual direct economic benefit of the Three Gorges Project is 2.5 billion yuan. In the event of a catastrophic flood such as the 1870 drought, the direct economic benefits that can be generated by the Three Gorges Project are as follows

It can reduce the inundation loss of rural areas by 51 billion yuan, the loss of urban inundation by 24 billion yuan, and the inundation loss of Jianghan Oilfield by 900 million yuan, with a total of 76.9 billion yuan. In addition, it can also avoid the collapse of embankments and embankments caused by the return of a large number of people; Avoid the serious threat of floods to Wuhan City, and avoid the interruption or failure of normal operation of railway counties such as Beijing-Guangzhou and Handan; Avoid the epidemic of diseases and the spread of infectious diseases in the disaster areas; It is difficult to express the benefits of avoiding famine, disaster relief, resettlement and other social problems caused by floods, which are difficult to express in concrete terms by economic indicators. 2. Power generation.

The Yangtze River is rolling eastward, and all it flows is coal and oil."The water that flows through the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, if not utilized, is equivalent to 50 million tons of raw coal or 25 million tons** flowing into the sea every year. After the completion of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station, it will be the world's largest hydropower station in a certain period of time, both in terms of installed capacity and average annual power generation.

Its total installed capacity is 22.4 million kilowatts, and the average annual power generation capacity reaches 104 billion kWh, which is equivalent to one-seventh of China's annual power generation in 1992, and the annual income of information and electricity reaches 30 billion yuan. 3. Huge environmental benefits. Compared with coal-fired power generation, it can reduce the annual emission of 100 million tons of nitrogen oxides, as well as a large amount of dust and waste residue, which will reduce environmental pollution and acid rain caused by the emission of harmful gases.

At the same time, the Three Gorges Project can also significantly increase the flow of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the dry season, which is conducive to the safe wintering of rare animals such as white-sided dolphins and other fish, reduces accidental fatalities due to shallow water, and also helps reduce the upstream length and invasion time of the brine water in the Yangtze River estuary. It can be seen from this that the environmental benefits of the Three Gorges Project are enormous. 4. Shipping.

The Three Gorges Reservoir will improve the shipping mileage by 660 kilometers, so that the 10,000-ton fleet can go directly from Chongqing to Hankou. Through the adjustment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the water depth of the middle reaches of the channel can be increased by an average of about one meter in the dry season every year, ensuring the passage of a fleet of 30,000 tons.