What are the basic structures of human cells?

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, cell wall.

Nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria.

Human body structure: The basic unit is the cell.

The basic structures are cytoplasm, nucleus, and membrane. Cells are divided into animal cells, bacteria and fungi, and plant cells. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms.

It is known that all organisms except viruses are composed of cells, but the life activities of viruses must also be reflected in cells.

Animal cell structure: Animal cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cytoplasm of animal cells includes the cytoplasmic matrix and organelles.

The organelles of animal cells include endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, centrosomes. Compared with plant cells, animal cells have many similarities, such as animal cells also have cell membranes, cytoplasm, nucleus and other structures. However, there are some important differences between animal cells and plant cells, such as the outermost part of animal cells is a cell membrane and has no cell wall; Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts in their cytoplasm and do not form vacuoles.

Whereas, higher plant cells do not have centrosomes.

Bacterial and fungal structure: Bacteria have a cell wall, a cell membrane, a cytoplasm, and a nucleoid.

Fungi have cell membranes, cytoplasm, nuclei. The cytoplasm of bacteria and fungi includes the cytoplasmic matrix and organelles; Bacteria do not have a formed nucleus, and their nucleus is formed by the aggregation of genetic material, and the nucleoid does not have a nuclear membrane and nucleolus. Some bacteria also carry flagella.

There is only one type of organelle in bacteria, ribosomes, and the organelles of fungi include: endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, and lysosomes.

Plant cell structure: Plant cell structurePlant cell is the basic unit of structure and function of plant life activities. It is made up of two parts, the protoplast and the cell wall.

Protoplasts are the living parts of the cell that include the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus consists of four parts: nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin, and nuclear matrix, which play an important role in transmitting genetic traits and controlling cell metabolism. The cytoplasm includes the cytostroma and organelles and is often in a state of movement.

The outer surface of the cytoplasm is the plasma membrane, which adheres to the cell wall. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, which is related to controlling the exchange of substances inside and outside the cell, receiving external signals, and regulating cell life activities. Organelles include mitochondria, plastisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lytics, spheroids, microsomes, ribonucleosomes, microtubules, microfilaments, etc.

Plastids are plant-specific organelles that have three types: white bodies, chloroplasts, and chromosomes. Vacuoles have the functions of storage, digestion and osmosis.

Cells are mainly composed of nucleus and cytoplasm, and have a cell membrane on their surface. Higher plants have a cell wall outside the cell membrane, plastids in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts and vacuoles in the body, and mitochondria. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, and centrosomes are often present in the cytoplasm, while higher plant cells do not.

Generally speaking, most microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa are composed of a single cell, that is, single-celled organisms, while higher plants and higher animals are multicellular organisms. Cells can be divided into two categories: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, but some people have proposed that they should be divided into three categories, that is, the ancient karyotic cells that originally belonged to prokaryotic cells should be separated as a parallel category. The discipline that studies cells is called cell biology.

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms, and the size and morphology of human cells have a great relationship with their environment and function. The structure of a cell mainly consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. When cells are observed under an electron microscope, they can be distinguished into membrane-phase structures and non-membrane-phase structures.

The cell membrane is a thin film on the surface of the cell, its thickness is about nanometers, and the chemical composition of the cell membrane is mainly lipids, proteins, and a certain amount of sugars. Under the electron microscope, the cell membrane can be seen that its structure is divided into three layers, the inner and outer layers are dark and dark, and the middle layer is light. Also, cytoplasm is the part between the cell membrane and the nucleus, including the organelles and the matrix.