What are the characteristics of hybrid electric vehicles?

The device that realizes torque coupling can be a meshing gear (such as a transmission), a belt drive, a transmission shaft and other mechanical transmission devices. There are many structural forms of parallel hybrid drive system with torque coupling, and the torque coupled drive system is divided into two-shaft form, single-shaft form and split shaft form according to the relationship between the engine power take-off shaft and the motor output shaft. As shown in Figure 7-7, the single-shaft torque coupling hybrid drive system is simple and compact, and the motor rotor plays the role of torque coupling device.

In the figure, the rotor shaft of the electric motor becomes a part of the traditional device of engine power, and the engine power is transmitted to the vehicle drive axle or drive wheel through the transmission device; The electric motor also transmits the power through the transmission to the vehicle's drive axle or drive wheels.

What we usually call hybrid generally refers to a gasoline-electric hybrid, that is, a mixture of fuel (gasoline, diesel, etc.) and electric energy. Hybrid vehicles are powered by an electric motor as auxiliary power to the engine. The fuel economy of hybrid models is much better than that of fuel vehicles, and the driving performance is generally stronger.

Compared with pure electric vehicles, because they can not rely on charging piles, there are no restrictions on the driving range, and it is more convenient to use. At present, the hybrid models on sale are mainly divided into: plug-in hybrid vehicles, gasoline-electric hybrid (mild hybrid) vehicles, and extended-range hybrid vehicles.

First: Plug-in hybrid vehicles There are two ways to power**, one is fuel, and the other is charging. In pure electric mode, the battery power of this model can maintain a pure electric range of about 50 to 110 kilometers, which is more suitable for short-distance commuting.

When the battery is low, it can be powered by fuel like a gasoline model. The disadvantage is that in the fuel state, the fuel consumption is relatively high. However, you can get on the new energy brand and enjoy new energy subsidies.

Second: petrol-electric hybrid models (mild hybrids) rely entirely on gasoline for energy acquisition, without charging sockets, but the car has an energy mechanism, adding a set of permanent magnet synchronous motors, the car can be used for kinetic energy when braking, stored in the battery, and relying on the motor to start at low speed. As long as this kind of model is refueled on time like a traditional fuel model, it can be used normally.

The disadvantage is that there is no new energy subsidy, and you cannot get a new energy license. **More expensive than traditional fuel models.

Third: a range-extended hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses an engine to generate electricity and an electric motor to drive it. A range-extended hybrid is more like an electric car with a generator.

Without the transmission mechanism from the engine to the wheels, the electric vehicle platform can be used. Extended-range vehicles are more energy-efficient than gasoline-powered vehicles. Generally, it can achieve the effect of 50% fuel saving, and the range is longer than that of pure electric vehicles.

The disadvantages are: the engine and electric motor do not directly drive the wheels, so in the process of conversion, it will cause some waste of conversion power; At the same time, on the highway, because there is an extra conversion drive, the fuel consumption will be high. At present, it has also been included in the list of new energy vehicles, and new energy licenses can be hung.

However, it started late, and there are not many models to choose from.

Summary: The above are the mainstream hybrid models on the market at present. These 3 models with different power have their own advantages and disadvantages, and for consumers, they can choose the right model according to their own car needs.

The degree of hybridization can be divided into three categories:

1. Chargeable hybrid - the most comprehensive function and the highest technical difficulty. The car can be driven separately with electric energy and is equipped with a high-capacity battery that can be charged externally, which can be charged by an external power source instead of relying solely on the engine. So cordless hybrids are more fuel-efficient and have lower emissions.

2. Full hybrid - also known as strong hybrid, it uses a high-power motor to minimize the displacement of the engine, and when starting or at low speed, it can simply rely on electricity to drive, but under the influence of comprehensive factors such as road conditions, vehicle load, accelerator pedal depth, etc., the engine will intervene at any time. Full hybrids don't run entirely on electricity for a long time.

3. Mild hybrid - the engine and the motor drive the wheels together, and the main power is that the engine motor only functions as auxiliary power and cannot drive the vehicle alone. The biggest feature is that the engine can automatically stop when the vehicle is stopped, and can regenerate energy during deceleration and braking, so as to achieve the maximum efficiency of hybrid power at the lowest cost.

The difference between plug-in hybrid vehicles and ordinary hybrid vehicles, that is, the characteristics: the battery capacity of ordinary hybrid mountain cars is very small, only when start-stop, acceleration and deceleration, energy, can not be externally charged, can not be used pure electric mode for a long distance; The battery of a plug-in hybrid vehicle is relatively large, and it can be charged in a stupid way, and it can be driven in pure electric mode, and then driven in hybrid mode (mainly with an internal combustion engine) after the battery is depleted, and the battery can be charged at the right time.

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are new types of hybrid electric vehicles. Different from the traditional hybrid power combination of gasoline power and electric drive, the plug-in hybrid drive principle and drive unit are the same as those of electric vehicles, the only difference is that the car is equipped with an engine.

Pure electric vehicles. Advantages: no gasoline, new energy lottery, subsidies, tax exemption.

Disadvantages: limited mileage, not suitable for going far, charging problems.

Suitable for: car owners who have a fixed parking space or have a way to solve the charging problem.

The advantages of pure electric vehicles are obvious, in the problem of difficult lottery, new energy vehicles can basically 100% of the lottery, and can also enjoy subsidies and tax exemptions and other preferential policies, ** aspect is easy for car owners to accept, very suitable for walking in the city. However, the disadvantage is that the mileage of pure electric vehicles is limited, not that you can continue to run with fuel halfway, so it is not suitable to go far. And if you don't have a fixed charging spot or can't solve the problem of slave points, you still have to think about it.

In addition, if you have your own fixed parking space, then you can contact the property and the 4S shop to install the charging pile, which requires some installation fees, and it only takes 6 hours to charge with the charging pile to be fully charged.

Hybrid - Charging vehicle.

Hybrids are further divided into two categories: those that require charging and those that do not.

Advantages: new energy lottery, subsidies (in some areas), tax exemption, both electricity and oil, not only limited to electricity, power is larger than pure electric vehicles.

Disadvantages: Charging facilities are required.

Meet the crowd: car owners who can charge but need to run long distances.

If it is a long distance, you can use oil to solve the problem of insufficient energy supply, which is more suitable for car owners who can charge and need to go out.

Hybrids - models that do not require charging.

Advantages: No charging, long mileage.

Insufficient: It does not belong to new energy, the lottery is a problem, and there is no subsidy.

Meet the crowd: Owners who pursue fuel efficiency, pursue long-distance use, and love hybrid technology.

Hybrid vehicles that do not need to be charged work together with oil and electricity during driving, and convert the consumed oil into electricity when idling and braking, so as to maximize energy consumption and fully save the ineffective fuel consumption problem. The disadvantage is that there is no preferential subsidy and lottery policy, and the price is a little higher than the first two, which is more suitable for car owners who want to save fuel and use the car for a long distance.

This is the difference between hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles, in terms of choice, according to your actual situation, the maximum use of resources can save a lot of cost of buying a car.

How fuel-efficient are hybrid cars: Toyota hybrids.

Hybrid vehicles, the main point of fuel economy: road congestion, waiting for red lights, in this case does not burn oil. Toyota hybrid for example, below the speed of 40kmh, the engine does not work, it is driven by an electric motor, and it does not burn oil.

Recently, some hybrid car brands have advertised "2 liters of fuel consumption per 100 kilometers" or "fuel consumption of 100 kilometers liters". The second and third sons were shocked when they saw such propaganda.

Hybrid models usually have a set of gasoline engines and one or two sets of motors, and the motor is purely used at low speed and start, instead of a gasoline engine, depending on the manufacturer's tuning, when driving to a certain speed and in special areas such as ramps, switch to the oil engine and charge the motor at the same time. Therefore, if the motor is used in low-speed driving sections such as in the city, the gasoline engine will not idle and save fuel.

The inherent defects of hybrid vehicles cannot be solved, and they will definitely be eliminated over time.

Advantages: 1. Gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles are first of all fuel-efficient, using electric drive at low speeds, and using fuel when high-speed driving requires high power output, which reduces fuel consumption and is suitable for urban driving.

2. Strong explosive power, when using electric drive, the acceleration is fast without delay.

3. Low noise, no motor noise when electric drive, quiet and comfortable.

Disadvantages: 1. The new car is expensive, the cost of buying a car is high, and the fuel cost saved is offset by most of the new car.

2. Replacing the battery after aging requires a lot of overhead, which increases the cost of the car.

3. Two sets of drive systems will increase the failure rate of the vehicle, which is another increase in vehicle expenditure.

4. The value retention rate is low, and the later it is, the more it will not retain its value, because the person who takes over must first consider the problem of replacing the battery.

Advantages: 1. Low fuel consumption: refueling at the gas station like gasoline cars, but because of low fuel consumption, the number of refueling times is very small, no need to change the use habits, high fuel economic performance, when starting and accelerating, due to the assistance of the electric motor, it can be driven by the battery alone to reduce fuel consumption.

2. Low noise: the power is better than that of simple internal combustion engine vehicles with the same displacement, reducing the mechanical noise in the car.

4. You can also enjoy ** subsidy;

There are advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles, hybrid vehicles are very high, like Toyota Prius, about 300,000, but after expert experiments, the average fuel consumption of the Prius is not much lower than that of gasoline cars.

Advantages of hybrid electric vehicles: extremely low fuel consumption, sufficient combustion, clean exhaust gases, no idling when starting, no need for an external charging system, miniaturization of the battery pack makes the cost and weight lower than that of electric vehicles, the power of the engine and motor can complement each other, and can be driven by the motor at low speed. Cons:

The battery stores too little energy. Advantages of hybrid vehicles: Compared to conventional vehicles, the internal combustion engine always works at its optimum and has very low fuel consumption.

The internal combustion engine mainly works near the optimal working point, with sufficient combustion and clean exhaust gas; No idle speed (start-stop) at start. There is no need for an external charging system, which solves the problems of mileage and infrastructure on a single charge. The miniaturization of battery packs makes the cost and weight lower than that of electric vehicles.

The power of the engine and motor can complement each other; At low speeds, it can be driven by a motor. Under the current technical level and application conditions, hybrid electric vehicles are the most industrialized and market-oriented electric vehicles. Hybrid vehicles use internal combustion engine and electric motor as hybrid power source, which not only has the advantages of good fuel engine power performance, fast response and long operation time, but also has the advantages of no pollution and low noise of the motor, so as to achieve the best match between the engine and the motor.

Disadvantages of hybrid vehicles: the battery stores too little energy per unit weight, and because the battery of electric vehicles is relatively expensive, it has not yet formed an economic scale, so it is more expensive to buy**; As for the cost of use, some trial results are more expensive than cars, and some results are only 1 7 1 3 of the car quietly, mainly depending on the battery life and local oil and electricity**.