What are the basic theories to learn in substation testing?

Substation tests are divided into three categories according to the different test purposes: handover test, overhaul test and preventive test.

The handover test and overhaul test are the tests carried out by the installation unit and the maintenance unit on the newly put into operation equipment and overhauled equipment in accordance with the relevant standards, product technical conditions or regulations. The handover acceptance test of the new equipment before it is put into operation is used to check whether there are defects in the transportation and installation process of the substation equipment, and the test of the overhauled equipment is used to check whether the maintenance quality is qualified.

Preventive test refers to the test carried out by the test department according to a certain period after the equipment is put into operation, the purpose is to check whether the equipment in operation has insulation defects or other defects, and judge whether the equipment can continue to be put into operation, which is an important measure to prevent equipment damage and ensure safe operation.

According to the different contents of the test, the substation test is divided into two categories: insulation test and characteristic test.

Insulation test refers to the test of checking and verifying the insulation status of substation equipment. Insulation tests are generally divided into two categories: non-destructive tests and destructive tests.

Non-destructive test refers to the test of judging insulation defects without damaging the insulation of equipment at a lower voltage, such as insulation resistance test, dielectric test, leakage current test, oil chromatography analysis test, etc. Destructive tests such as AC withstand voltage test, DC withstand voltage test, with a higher test voltage to test the insulation level of the equipment, the advantage is that it is easy to analyze the concentration defects of the equipment, and the disadvantage is that due to the high voltage, the insulation of the equipment is damaged.

Characteristic test refers to the test of certain characteristics of the substation or mechanical aspects of the substation equipment, such as the conductive circuit resistance of the circuit breaker, the transformation ratio and polarity of the transformer, the no-load and short-circuit characteristics of the transformer, etc.

Technical Books The substation test major should have rules and regulations.

The substation test major of the substation management institute shall have the following procedures, systems, standards, regulations, guidelines and regulations 1. Basic standards: (1) Electric Power Law of the People's Republic of China (2) Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Use of Electric Power (3) Regulations on the Protection of Electric Power Facilities (revised in 1998) ***239 (4) Regulations on the Protection of Electric Power Facilities and Implementation Rules (5) Technical Management Regulations of the Electric Power Industry 2. Design Standards: (1) 35 Design code for 110 thousand volt substation (GB50059-1992) (2) 3 Design code for 110 thousand volt high-voltage distribution device (GB50060-1992) (3) Technical provisions for the design of reactive power compensation device for 300 500kV substation.

Circuit analysis, analog circuits, digital circuits.

Just knowing these is the most basic.

We can ask each other about the high-voltage test. I specialize in electrical commissioning, and high-voltage testing is also one of my job contents.

The traction substation system is mainly composed of traction substation, traction transformer, high-voltage switchgear, transformer, control and monitoring signal system, self-consumption system, return grounding and lightning protection device, and capacitance compensation device.

Electrical splitting. The so-called excessive phase refers to the catenary-free area between the two power supply zones in the AC traction electrification section. Because the catenary-pantograph-train-rail forms a complete current circuit, and the current direction between the adjacent power supply partitions is opposite, one is phase A electricity, the other is phase B electricity, if the pantograph of the rolling stock at this time spans two power supply divisions at the same time, it is equivalent to a short circuit between phases, which is easy to cause serious accidents such as tripping of substation, locomotive transformer breakdown and even catenary collapse, so the regulations stipulate that it is strictly forbidden to run double bow in the phase division area, and the main circuit breaker must be disconnected in the phase division area.

Duplex is strictly forbidden for locomotive overphase, and electric locomotive overphase methods are:

The locomotive is able to automatically overphase without any operation on the part of the driver. (However, in order to ensure safety, the road bureau will prohibit drivers from taking this action.) ）

The locomotive traction brake handle returns to zero, and the driver manually presses the "manual over-phase" button to start manual automatic over-phase.

Locomotive traction brake handle back to zero, the driver manually breaks the main break, starts to manually break the main break over the phase, through the phase splitting area, the main break is closed, and the locomotive continues to run.

If the locomotive honks excessively, the driver and co-driver must stand up and pay attention to the lookout to prevent the occurrence of the pantograph accident.

The phase division is generally set up in two traction substations, partition stations, opening and closing stations, different power systems, and the junction of the two railway bureaus. There are two types: instrument type and anchor section type. There are usually neutral zones and no electricity zones.

Due to the inconsistency of the sine wave in area A and area B of the traction substation, the train should be powered off when entering area B from area A, and there is a power-off area between area A and area B. The time of the excessive phase should be as small as possible, and the Japanese one is the smallest, only seconds.

The receiving grid on the railway is not provided by a power supply, but is generally responsible for a certain area of the power supply, and the phase of the current between the two power supply stations is not necessarily the same, so there is a "power grid" without electricity between the two power supply power grids. Therefore, the passage of the locomotive through this section is called the excessive phase, which is the inertia of the train.

Test case design, SQL familiarization, learning a test script, such as Python

1. Look at the bugs submitted by others

2. Test case writing.

3. Test the use of software.

4. Increase the relevant knowledge of network protocols, various programming languages and systems.

Self-study alone is definitely useless, if you want to learn the test, it is one of them to have a theoretical foundation, and you must also have a practical foundation.

Because the test is a subject that tends to be more practical.

It is recommended that you find a company to do an internship to accumulate some experience, or learn more testing tools and tinker with them yourself.

Either find a training institution or school to study systematically, otherwise it is useless to just look at the theory.

The best thing to do is to do it yourself.

Do experiments in the field Go back and see how the experiment works.

It's good to combine the two!

When doing experiments, you should learn about the experimental principles from the master, don't memorize the experimental methods, and memorize the experimental methods in combination with the experimental principles.

Nature of the Communist Party of China: The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

It represents the requirements for the development of China's advanced productive forces, the direction of progress of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people.

The fundamental reason for all the achievements and progress we have made since the beginning of reform and opening up can be summed up as follows: we have opened up the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, formed a theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and established a socialist system with Chinese characteristics. To hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the most fundamental thing is to adhere to this road, this theoretical system, and this system.

The Party's Basic Theoretical Objectives:

We will build our country into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful modern socialist country.

In the historical process of reform and opening up, our party has combined upholding the basic tenets of Marxism with promoting the Sinicization of Marxism, combining upholding the four cardinal principles with upholding reform and opening up, combining respecting the people's initiative with strengthening and improving the party's leadership, and combining upholding the basic socialist system with developing the market economy.

It is necessary to combine the promotion of the reform of the economic foundation with the promotion of the reform of the superstructure, the development of the social productive forces with the enhancement of the quality of civilization of the whole nation, the improvement of efficiency with the promotion of social fairness, the integration of upholding independence and self-determination with participation in economic globalization, and the promotion of reform and development with the maintenance of social stability.

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