What are the advantages of oil pipelines, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of pipeline

Compared with the railway, highway and waterway transportation of oil products, pipeline transportation has unique advantages:

Table 8-4 Oil transport volume of pipelines under different pipe diameters and pressures.

Pipe diameter mm 529 720 920 1020 1220

Pressure MPa 5 6

Oil transport (megaton year) 6 8 16 20 32 36 42 52 70 80

1) Large transportation volume. See Table 8-4.

2) Low freight and low energy consumption; And the larger the large diameter, the lower the unit freight of the pipeline. Table 8-5 compares the fuel consumption and cost of transporting oil products by several modes abroad.

Table 8-5 Comparison of energy consumption and cost of oil transportation by several modes abroad.

Pipelines, railways, inland waterways, maritime and highways.

Cost ratio 1 20

Energy consumption ratio 1 8

3) Oil pipelines are generally buried underground, which is safer and more reliable, and is less affected by the climate and environment, and has little pollution to the environment. The loss rate of transported oil products is lower than that of railway, highway and waterway transportation.

4) The construction investment is small and the area is small. The investment and construction period of pipeline construction are less than 1 2 of the railway. The pipeline is buried in the ground, and after it is put into operation, 90 percent of the land can be cultivated, covering only 1 9 of the railway.

While pipeline transportation has many advantages, it also has its limitations:

1) It is mainly suitable for large-scale, one-way, fixed-point transportation, and is not as flexible and diverse as vehicle and ship transportation. (2) For pipelines of a certain diameter, there is an economical and reasonable range of conveying capacity.

3) There is a limit on the amount of output.

Good continuity, large volume, point-to-point direct, low cost in the later stage, no freight, no pollution, safe and reliable, general underground construction does not occupy or occupies less land resources, small transportation loss, and the pipeline is easy to use.

(1) Railway transportation has the advantages of high degree of safety, fast transportation speed, long transportation distance, large transportation capacity, low transportation cost, etc., and has the advantages of low pollution, large potential, and not affected by weather conditions, which is incomparable with road, water transportation, aviation and pipeline transportation.

The disadvantages are high construction costs and poor flexibility.

2) The advantages of road transport are that --- flexible and adaptable, and the density of the road transport network is generally more than ten times greater than that of the railway and waterway networks, and the distribution area is also wide.

- "Door-to-door" direct transportation is possible.

- In short and medium-distance transportation, the delivery speed is faster.

-Low initial investment and fast capital turnover-

-It is easier to master the driving skills of the vehicle.

The disadvantages are: - The volume is smaller, and the transportation cost is higher.

- Poor operational continuity.

-The safety is low and the polluted environment is large.

3) Waterway transportation has the advantage of low --- cost, and can carry out low-cost, large-volume, long-distance transportation.

The disadvantage is that --- is mainly due to the slow transportation speed, which is greatly affected by the port, water level, season and climate, so the transportation interruption time in a year is longer.

4) The advantages of air transport are fast transportation speed, mobility, safety and reliability. The disadvantages are small volume, high cost, high cost, and great influence by weather conditions.

5) The advantages and disadvantages of pipeline transportation are:

Advantages: (1) large transportation volume (2) less land occupation (3) short construction period and low cost of pipeline transportation (4) safe and reliable pipeline transportation with strong continuity (5) less energy consumption, low cost and good efficiency of pipeline transportation.

Cons: Poor flexibility. Pipeline transportation is not as flexible as other modes of transportation (such as automobile transportation), and in addition to the relatively simple cargo carried, it is also not allowed to expand the pipeline casually.

To achieve "door-to-door" transportation services, for general users, pipeline transportation often has to cooperate with railway transportation, automobile transportation, and waterway transportation to complete the whole process of transportation. In addition, transportation costs can increase significantly due to a significant shortage of transportation volumes.

Good continuity: Continuity means that the operation of transportation from departure to arrival at the destination is not easily interrupted by other conditions. It refers to whether the mode of transportation is susceptible to the influence of weather, routes, etc., and whether it can operate around the clock all year round.

The continuity of pipeline transportation and railway transportation in the transportation section is good, while the continuity of waterway transportation is poor. From the point of view of continuity, pipelines, railways, roads, aviation, and shipping.

For example, pipeline transportation, as long as it is completed, the transportation can continue to operate, without considering whether the weather is bad or not; However, shipping requires customized routes to avoid obstacles (islands or reefs), and sailings must be suspended in case of stormy weather.

Pipeline transportation refers to the transportation of liquids, gases, or semi-solid substances from one location to another by pipeline. Pipeline transportation has its own unique advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional modes of transportation.

First of all, one of the advantages of pipeline transportation is its high efficiency. Because liquids, gases, and semi-solid substances flow automatically during transportation, they do not require a lot of manpower and equipment. In addition, due to the flow of transport media, pipeline transport enables the steady and fast transport of items from one place to another.

Correspondingly, the transportation cost is lower, because there is no need to pay a lot of labor and related equipment costs, which improves the cost-effectiveness of production.

However, there are some drawbacks to pipeline transportation. First of all, the equipment and construction costs required for pipeline transportation are often more expensive than other modes of transportation. Secondly, the coverage area of pipeline transportation is limited by the route of pipeline laying.

In rugged or sparsely populated places, pipelines are more expensive to lay or even impossible to build. In addition, because pipelines are opaque, they are more expensive to investigate and repair when there is a pipeline leak or other problem.

In addition to this, there are other issues that need to be addressed. For example, pipeline transportation can have a negative impact on the environment, as the laying of pipelines can damage the ground surface and vegetation, and some pipeline leaks can also have an impact on the surrounding environment.

All in all, there are many advantages and disadvantages of pipeline transportation. While it can improve transportation efficiency and reduce costs, it also requires high construction costs and can have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, when choosing pipeline transportation as a mode of transportation, it is necessary to consider all factors comprehensively and weigh the long-term benefits against the short-term costs.

The advantages of pipeline transportation include large volume, small land occupation, short construction period of pipeline transportation, safe and reliable pipeline transportation, and low energy consumption of pipeline transportation.

1. Large volume.

Depending on the size of the pipeline, the annual transportation volume can reach millions to tens of millions of tons, or even more than 100 million tons.

2. Occupy less land.

Transport pipelines are usually buried underground and occupy very little land; The construction practice of the transportation system proves that the part of the transportation pipeline buried in the ground accounts for more than 95% of the total length of the pipeline, so the permanent occupation of the land is very little, only 3% of the highway and about 10% of the railway.

3. The construction period of pipeline transportation is short.

A large number of practices in the construction of transportation systems at home and abroad have proved that the construction period of pipeline transportation systems is generally shorter than that of railways with the same volume.

4. Pipeline transportation is safe and reliable.

Because oil and gas are flammable, explosive, volatile, and leakage-prone, the use of pipeline dry core pure transportation mode is not only safe, but also can greatly reduce volatile loss, and at the same time, the air, water and soil pollution caused by leakage can also be greatly reduced, that is to say, pipeline transportation can better meet the green requirements of transportation engineering.

5. Pipeline transportation consumes less energy.

Developed countries use pipelines to transport oil, and the energy consumption per ton-kilometer is less than 1 7 of railways, and the transportation cost is close to that of water transportation when transporting a large number of vehicles, so the use of pipeline transportation is the most energy-efficient mode of transportation under waterless conditions.