The main chemical particles that cause pneumoconiosis to occur

The substances that can cause pneumoconiosis are mainly production dust, which refers to solid particles that are formed in production and can be suspended in the air for a long time. A large amount of dust can escape in the process of mining, rock drilling, blasting, transportation, ore crushing, screening, batching, smelting, crystal and gem processing. Long-term inhalation of productive dust can cause various diseases of the respiratory system, such as pneumoconiosis, dust bronchitis, pneumonia, rhinitis, etc.

The degree of harm to the human body of dust depends on its chemical composition and concentration. The higher the content of free silica in the dust, the greater the harm to the human body. The higher the concentration of the same kind of dust, the more serious the harm to the human body.

In addition, the harm of dust to the human body is also related to the degree to which it is crushed, that is, the degree of dispersion, the smaller the particle size and the more particles, the higher the dispersion, the longer the time it floats in the air, the more opportunities to be inhaled by the human body, and the greater the harm. Dust can be divided into inorganic dust, organic dust and mixed dust according to its nature. Pneumoconiosis is a systemic disease caused by long-term inhalation of harmful dusts, mainly diffuse fibrotic changes in the lungs.

In ancient China, pneumoconiosis was understood, and the classical literature of traditional Chinese medicine has a record of "scorched lungs must die". The scorched lung here refers to masonry pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis is a statutory occupational disease and must be diagnosed by a nationally designated institution to be effective.

In the early stage of pneumoconiosis, there may be no clinical symptoms, and some patients have chest tightness, cough, and sputum production, and with the aggravation of the above symptoms, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, dyspnea, and late stage can be complicated by emphysema and pulmonary heart disease. At present, there is no ** drug for pneumoconiosis**, and the main treatment is symptomatic ** and support** to control the further development of the disease. At present, foreign countries have shifted the focus to the prevention of pneumoconiosis, and the main measures are to configure dust removal equipment, strengthen personal protection, and regularly check the employees of dust protection institutions.

b Answer Analysis:

Analysis] The main harmful dust that causes pneumoconiosis refers to the dust particles in the production environment with an aerodynamic diameter greater than that.

Due to the different properties of dust, inhalation can lead to lung inflammation, pneumoconiosis, metal dust deposition, respiratory tumors and poisoning.

It depends on what kind of dust you're inhaling.

However, in the face of dust, there is nothing to be afraid of. It is recommended to work under dust, and you must choose a dust mask scientifically. A good dust mask can not only prevent dust, but also improve work efficiency.

Now protective masks must implement the GB2626-2006 standard. According to the national standard, the scientific name of the dust mask is a self-priming filtering anti-particulate matter respirator. According to the different protection objects, it is divided into two types: oil-proof particulate matter (oil smoke, oil mist and non-oily particulate matter) and non-oily particulate matter (dust, smoke, fog, microorganisms, etc.).

There are three grades of anti-fume masks: KP100, KP95 and KP90. Dust masks are divided into three grades: KN100, KN95 and KN90. Among them, KP100 and KN100 can achieve nearly 100% (more) protection effect against ultrafine dust.

The protective effect of the mask mainly depends on the fit between the mask and the face, and the second is the protection level of the filter. Therefore, no matter which brand, the effect of the mask mainly depends on the level of protection.

According to the nature of the use of masks, there are also three types: disposable masks, compound half masks, and full face masks.

The protective effect of a mask depends on 2 aspects. One is the filtration efficiency of the filter cotton. The second is the air leakage rate after the mask is mated to the face.

Therefore, masks must be divided into large and small sizes, and the air leakage rate between masks and faces varies from person to person. The scientific selection of dust-proof and portable masks certified by GB2626-2006 standards can help prevent lung injury.

1. Choose a duplex half mask type. Disposable masks are not suitable for long-term or occupational protection due to the maximum allowable air leakage rate of 10%.

2. According to the environmental dust concentration, choose N90, N95, N100 dust masks. It is recommended to choose a KN100 grade dust mask.

3. Choose a silicone mask, which has a long service life, is soft and comfortable, and is not easy to allergies. Masks with high hardness are prone to facial indentation.

4. Masks are divided into large and small sizes, which is extremely important. It is not recommended to buy those so-called universal models of masks, which are prone to air leakage.

5. There are two types of masks covering the mouth and nose, covering the mouth, nose and chin, and it is recommended to use the latter, which is relatively comfortable.

6. It is recommended to choose a breathing mask. Some masks are designed with double filter cotton + double filter surface, which is smooth for breathing and has a long service life.

It is suggested that according to the above situation, the scientific selection of dust masks can prevent the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.