Where does the poison in those poisonous mushrooms come from?

Life evolves, or it can be said to be innate, for the continuation of the species, and constantly evolves substances that are conducive to its own development.

It is synthesized by the mushroom itself, and the fungus has a strong ability to synthesize antibiotics and alcohols.

Hello, the common poisonous mushrooms are: bamboo mushroom, poisonous vine mushroom, bitter chestnut mushroom, cholera mushroom, braided mushroom, numb mushroom, tengu mushroom, red tengu mushroom, persimmon mushroom, moonlit mushroom, a branch of jade mushroom, grass red mushroom, deadly white poisonous umbrella, lead green fold mushroom, reticulosporus boletus, ochre red mushroom, white poisonous Amanita phalloides, poisonous Amanita mushroom, toadella, dog urine moss, etc.

How to identify: look at the color, poisonous mushrooms generally have bright colors on the mushroom surface, including red, green, ink black, bruising and purple, especially the purple ones are often highly toxic and easy to change color after picking;

Looking at the shape, non-toxic mushrooms usually have a flat cap, a smooth umbrella surface, a sterile holder at the lower part of the stipe, and a sterile wheel at the upper part; Poisonous mushrooms often have convex caps, strange shapes, thick and hard mushroom surfaces, fungus wheels and fungus holders on the stipe, and the stipe is slender or thick and long, and it is easy to break;

Look at the secretions, tear off the strains of fresh wild mushrooms picked, the non-toxic general secretions are clear as water (some are white), and the fungus surface is torn off and does not change color; Toxic often thick secretions, russet in color, easy to discolor in the air after tearing;

Smell the smell, non-toxic mushrooms generally have a special fragrance, and poisonous mushrooms often have a strange smell.

Poisoning manifestations: Different toxins contained in different mushrooms cause different poisoning manifestations, but they can generally be divided into the following four categories:

1 Gastroenteritis type: 10 minutes to 2 hours after eating mushrooms, patients with weakness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea occur. Recovery is rapid and the prognosis is good.

There are many mushrooms that produce such symptoms, such as: red mushroom, milk mushroom, porcini mushroom, orange-red poisonous umbrella, poisonous light cover umbrella, moonlight mushroom, waxed umbrella, ring handle mushroom, etc.

2. Neuropsychiatric type: 10 minutes to 6 hours after eating, in addition to gastroenteritis symptoms, there are miosis, increased saliva, excitement, hallucinations, and staggering gait.

3 Hemolytic type: the incubation period is 6 to 12 hours, in addition to gastroenteritis, there are also hemolytic manifestations, which can cause anemia, hepatomegaly, etc. This type of poisoning is often treated with adrenocorticosteroids and blood transfusions.

4 Liver disease type: gastroenteritis type manifestations appear 10 to 30 hours after eating. Some patients may have a false recovery period, and then appear to have damage to multiple organs such as liver, brain, heart, kidney, etc., but liver damage is the most serious.

Some patients may have psychiatric symptoms. The general course of the disease is 2-3 weeks. High case fatality rate.

Emergency treatment: Because the incubation period of mushroom poisoning is long, and the symptoms of some mushroom poisoning deteriorate rapidly once they appear, it is necessary to go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time after eating suspected poisonous mushrooms. Those who have symptoms should go to the hospital as soon as possible.

Poisoning prevention: There are many kinds of mushrooms, some edible mushrooms are delicious, and they are loved by people all over the world, and people in many places have the habit of eating mushrooms. There are various methods for identifying whether a mushroom is a poisonous mushroom, but in general these methods are not reliable.

The most effective method of identifying poisonous mushrooms is morphological identification, but this identification method is difficult for the general public to master. Therefore, do not pick and eat wild mushrooms by yourself. Don't buy dried or fresh mushrooms from mobile vendors either.

Bamboo mushroom, poisonous cranberry, bitter chestnut mushroom, cholera mushroom, braided mushroom, numbing mushroom, tengu mushroom, red tengu mushroom, persimmon mushroom, moonlight mushroom, a branch of jade mushroom, grass red mushroom, lethal white poisonous umbrella, lead green mushroom, reticulosporus boletus, ochre red mushroom, white poisonous Amanita phalloides, poisonous Amanita phalloides, toadella, dog urine moss, etc.

Beautiful sticky straw mushroom, monoovoid spotted mushroom, red four-mouthed mushroom.

There are 6 types of mushroom poisoning cases:

1) Gastrointestinal poisoning type: the usual poisoning symptoms are strong nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc., poisonous mushrooms such as Baccarus flavus, Stinky Yellow Mushroom and Milk Mushroom, Porcini and Mycobacterium pink can cause this type of poisoning, and there are more than 80 kinds of poisoning.

2) Neuropsychiatric: There are more than 60 known species. Symptoms of intoxication are neurological symptoms such as mental excitement, confusion or mental depression. For example, Amanita phalloides and half-ovate spotted mushrooms can cause hallucinations after poisoning.

3) Hemolytic type: the main symptom is hemolytic anemia that occurs within 1-2 days, the symptoms are sudden chills, fever, abdominal pain, headache, lower back and limb pain, paleness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, irritability and shortness of breath. This type of poisoning is mainly caused by the fungus deer flower.

4) Liver damage type: there are more than 20 kinds related to this type of poisoning. In addition to the above-mentioned species containing toxic peptides and poisonous umbrella peptides, such as some species of the genus Cyclostalk.

5) Respiratory and circulatory failure type: The poisonous mushroom that causes this type is mainly the black mushroom. The mortality rate is higher.

6) Photoallergic dermatitis type: It has been found in China that causes such symptoms as Euricula phyllodes.

A mushroom may contain a variety of toxins, and a toxin can be present in a variety of mushrooms.

At present, the main mushroom toxins with strong toxicity are Amanita peptide toxins (toxins, poisonous umbrella peptides), Amanita toxins, amanita toxins, deer flower toxins, and oletoxins.

Folklore methods for distinguishing some poisonous mushrooms, such as: there are both rings and trays on the stipe, most of the mushrooms with reverse fold profiles are poisonous, and the brightly colored ones are poisonous.

It should be a poisonous mushroom, or a poisonous mushroom.

There are now more than 430 species of poisonous mushrooms in China, and there may be dozens of highly poisonous mushrooms.

Amanita mushroom, Amanita phalloides, light yellow-brown wet umbrella, blackened wax umbrella, hepatic brown silk cover umbrella, split silk cover umbrella, hairy head lactobacillus, snakehead mushroom, crispy stem mushroom, cluster yellow tenacity umbrella, sub-brick red silk umbrella, scaly fan mushroom, janni dark money mushroom, red phalloides, yellow powder boletus, verrucous corucous branch, poisonous red mushroom, small poisonous red mushroom, Amanita phalloides, Amanita phalloides, yellow lactobacillus, fleshy brown scale umbrella, Amanita albicus alba , autumn helmet spora. Amanita with pseudo-gray pattern, Amanita with gray cover. And so on too much.

It is best not to eat colored ones.

Poisonous mushrooms, also known as poisonous mushrooms, refer to species in which the fruiting bodies of macrofungi have a toxic reaction to humans or livestock and poultry after eating. There are about 100 kinds of poisonous mushrooms in China, and there are more than 10 kinds of serious poisoning in people, which are widely distributed.

Common species: 1 Poisonous fly umbrella: grows in groups on the ground in the forest in summer and autumn.

2 Dog urine moss: The scientific name is Semiovate Spotted Mushroom, also known as "hallucinogenic mushroom". Growing on feces is also known as fecal fungus. In the north, it is commonly known as "dog urine moss".

3 Deadly white poison umbrella: prefers to grow in groups under the shade of Mucuna pruriens, generally connected to the roots. Mucuna pruriens is distributed in Baiyun Mountain, Tianlu Lake, South China Botanical Garden and other mountainous areas in Guangzhou.

4 Ochre pseudomushroom: It grows on the decaying wood or decaying stump of conifers in summer and autumn, and grows in groups or in clusters.

5 Amanita phalloides: also known as green cap fungus, Amanita phalloides, garlic leaf fungus, tall mushrooms, and poisonous umbrellas. In summer and autumn, it grows solitary or in groups on the ground in broad-leaved forests.

For example, there are many kinds of these, but remember, mushrooms are risky, so don't eat them casually!

It usually grows in forests. Meadow, above dead trees.