How to improve soil structure, how to create a good soil structure

The basic ways to improve soil structure are: (1) water conservancy soil improvement, such as establishing farmland drainage and irrigation projects, regulating groundwater level, improving soil moisture status, eliminating and preventing marshland and salinization; (2) Engineering soil improvement, such as the use of land leveling, terraced fields, flood diversion and siltation and other engineering measures to improve soil conditions; (3) biological soil improvement, planting green manure and sheep grazing through various biological pathways, increasing soil organic matter to improve soil fertility or creating shelterbelts; (4) tillage soil improvement, improvement of tillage methods, improvement of soil conditions; (5) Chemical soil improvement, such as the application of chemical fertilizers and various soil amendments to improve soil fertility and soil structure.

Soil improvement work is generally based on the natural conditions and economic conditions of various localities, and practical plans are formulated according to local conditions, and gradually implemented, so as to achieve the purpose of effectively improving soil production characteristics and environmental conditions.

The soil improvement process is divided into two stages: the soil preservation stage, in which engineering or biological measures are taken to control the amount of soil loss within the allowable amount of soil loss. If soil loss is not controlled, soil improvement cannot be carried out.

For cultivated soil, the first thing to do is to carry out the basic construction of farmland.

Soil modification stage. Its purpose is to increase soil organic matter and nutrient content, improve soil properties, and improve soil fertility. Soil improvement measures are mainly planted with leguminous green manure or more farm manure.

When the soil is too sandy or too clayy, the method of mixing sand and clay can be adopted. In the acidic red and yellow soil areas of southern China, there is a shortage of phosphorus in the eroded soil, and phosphate fertilizer must be applied when planting green manure crops.

One measure of changing the acidity or alkalinity of the soil with chemical amendments is called soil chemical improvement. Commonly used chemical amendments include lime, gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, calcium humate, etc., which are selected according to the nature of the soil. For example, gypsum and phosphogypsum should be applied to alkalize soil to exchange calcium ions for sodium ions on the surface of soil colloids to reduce the pH value of the soil.

For acidic soils, calcareous substances are applied. Chemical improvement must be combined with water conservancy, agriculture and other measures to achieve better results.

The process of taking corresponding agricultural, water conservancy, biological and other measures to improve soil properties and soil fertility is called soil physical improvement. Specific measures include: timely tillage, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and improve poor soil; guest soil, diffuse sand, diffuse siltation, etc., improve sand and clay soil; land leveling; Set up irrigation and drainage canal systems, drain and wash salt, plant rice and wash salt, etc., and improve saline-alkali soil; Plant trees and grasses, create shelter forests, set up sand barriers, fix quicksand, and improve wind-blown sandy soil.

The main ones that can be operated in production are:

1. Mechanical farming.

2. Soil amendment.

3. Soil conditioner.

4. Organic material input (straw returning, organic fertilizer).

5. Engineering measures (sand mixing to soil, farmland capital construction, etc.).

Good soil structure is the foundation of plant growth, and if the soil structure is damaged, it will reduce the ability of plant roots to absorb and utilize nutrients and water in the soil.

Soil aggregates refer to the agglomerated structural units (small clumps and aggregates) with a diameter of millimeters formed by the cementation of organic and mineral substances, the agglomeration of counterload ions, soil tillage and the alternation of drying and wetting. Soil aggregates are divided according to their particle size.

Large agglomerates, agglomerated structural units with a diameter of >mm; Micro-agglomerates, agglomerated structural units with a diameter of "millimeters. According to its resistance, it is divided into: stable aggregates, soil aggregates dispersed by external forces; Water-stable aggregates, resistant to hydraulically dispersed soil aggregates.

Unstable aggregates, soil aggregates that are easily dispersed by external forces. Soil aggregates are good soil structures.

It has the characteristics of water and gas coordination, stable soil temperature, good fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply performance, loose soil, and excellent tillage quality. The water-holding pores dominate the inside of the aggregates, and the inflatable pores between the aggregates are overwhelming.

This pore condition creates good conditions for the coordination of soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat. The aerated pores between the aggregates can be ventilated and permeable, and when precipitation or irrigation, the water passes through the aerated pores and enters the soil layer, reducing the surface runoff; Inside the aggregate, there is more water-holding pore water and less air.

It can not only preserve the water-soluble nutrients that enter the aggregate with water, but also be suitable for the activities of gas-phobic microorganisms, and have good fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply performance. The soil of the aggregate is loose, easy to cultivate, has a long tillage period, and is easy to cultivate, the seeds are easy to germinate and unearthed, and the root system is easy to stretch. In short, aggregates of soil water.

Fertilizer, gas and heat are coordinated, and the fertility is in good condition. Therefore, it is generally believed that aggregates are one of the signs of soil fertility.

The improvement of soil structure is generally based on the natural conditions and economic conditions of various localities, and practical plans are formulated according to local conditions, and implemented step by step, so as to achieve the purpose of effectively improving soil production traits and environmental conditions.

The basic ways to improve the structure of soil and soil are as follows:

1. Water conservancy and soil improvement. For example, the establishment of farmland drainage and irrigation projects, the regulation of groundwater levels, the improvement of soil moisture status, the elimination and prevention of marshes and salinization.

2. Engineering soil improvement. For example, the use of land leveling, terraced fields, flood diversion and siltation and other engineering measures to improve soil conditions.

3. Biological soil improvement. Use various biological pathways to plant green manure, shepherd sheep, increase soil organic matter, improve soil fertility, or create shelterbelts.

4. Cultivated soil improvement. Improve farming methods and improve soil conditions.

5. Chemical soil improvement. For example, the application of chemical fertilizer and various soil amendments to improve soil fertility and soil structure.

1. Tea residue:

Tea residue and overnight tea can be used as flower fertilizer, which can play a great role in the growth of flowers. You can bury the tea residue in the soil and let it ferment slowly, and the fermented tea residue can improve the drainage of the soil, increase fertility, and improve the pH. When the fermentation is complete, the flowers can be planted.

2. Eggshell:

Egg shells are also very common small things at home, wash and dry the egg shells for disinfection, you can directly crush them and bury them in the soil, pay attention to be sure to wash them before use.

3. Lime: Lime has some applications in raising flowers, but this is mainly to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the soil and improve the acidic soil.

Summary. Hello, kiss hello, now is the teacher of agriculture and agriculture, serving you. Answers to your questions.

Meeting is a kind of fate, Dongdong is willing to give you a share of worries, I wish you have no problems in life, I wish you sleep every day until you wake up naturally, the sports car rings **10,000 taels, you don't do it also come to do, gold and silver treasures roll in, the lotus bag is full, and the whole family is happy. There is a cash cow in front of your house, which falls early and silver at night. Get up in the morning to pick up half a tael, and get up at night to pick up half a catty.

Hello, kiss hello, now is the teacher of agriculture and agriculture, serving you. Answers to your questions. Meeting is a kind of fate, Dongdong is willing to give you a share of worries, I wish you have no problems in life, I wish you sleep every day until you wake up naturally, the sports car rings **10,000 taels, you don't do it also come to do it, gold and silver treasures roll in, the family is full of lotus, and the whole family is happy.

There is a cash cow in front of your house, which falls early and silver at night. Get up in the morning to pick up half a tael, and get up at night to pick up half a catty.

If the nutrients are less preserved, the fertility level will gradually decrease; When the two effects are equal, the development of soil fertility is in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Among the factors that determine fertility, weathering is extremely slow, and the way to improve fertility is mainly by increasing soil organic matter. 2. How to improve soil fertility We say that one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of agricultural dust inspection production is the serious lack of investment, of which the insufficient input of soil fertility is the most prominent aspect.

Some people say that he applies a large amount of fertilizer every year, mainly compound fertilizer with sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, but why is it still difficult to produce high yield and high quality? In fact, this is because of a lack of awareness of the importance of effective fertility. More input does not mean more utilization, and the fertility that can be used by fruit trees in that year can be transformed into economic benefits in that year.

For example, physiological diseases. Yellow leaf disease occurs in fruit trees with iron deficiency, and lobular disease occurs in fruit trees with zinc deficiency. However, yellow leaf disease and small leaf disease do not occur in the whole garden or tree, and are often very obvious on a large branch.

Could it be that in the same piece of land, only the diseased branch corresponds to the root soil of the sagebrush and is it quietly deficient? In fact, no, it is the lack of effective fertility of the soil that causes local nutrient deficiency. To improve effective fertility, fertilizer utilization must be considered.

Taking the three major elements as an example, the current utilization rate is quite low. The consensus view is that nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency is 30 to 35 percent, phosphate fertilizer use efficiency is 10 to 15 percent, and potassium fertilizer use efficiency is 40 to 45 percent.

However, there is also a mutual antagonism between these elements, and excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer will inhibit the absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer.

Hello dear, I am happy to answer for you: so as to improve soil fertility and improve the soil First, increase the application of organic fertilizer through the application of manure, animal manure, such as urine manure and compost, manure, green manure and other organic matter content of agricultural fertilizer to increase and maintain the content of soil organic fertilizer, where conditions can be a large amount of fertilizer (river mud, grass carbon, etc.), to improve the content of soil organic matter has an obvious effect. 2. Straw returning Straw returning is an effective measure to improve the soil and increase the production capacity of the soil.

First, the straw is applied to the soil after being piled; The other is that after the crop is harvested, the straw is chopped and sprinkled on the surface of the ground and pressed with a plow, and directly returned to the field, which can improve the physical properties of the soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, increase air permeability, water permeability, and fertilizer retention capacity, thereby improving soil fertility. Third, reasonable rotation Reasonable rotation is the cultivation method of land cultivation, pay attention to two points in the rotation: one is to appropriately increase the planting area of leguminous crops, in the rotation process of about four years to plant a legume crop can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, at the same time, leguminous green manure crops after turning into the soil, a large number of roots, stems, leaves can increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve soil fertility; Second, the planting of land-consuming crops should be controlled for many years, and beans and melon crops should not be heavy and not stubble, and should be rotated for more than five years, which is conducive to restoring soil fertility and preventing and controlling diseases.

Fourth, planting grass to fertilize the field We should vigorously advocate the planting of leguminous forage grass to fertilize the soil and increase economic output. At present, it can be planted with grass rhinoceros and alfalfa, etc., in order to improve the soil, cultivate soil fertility, and increase soil production capacity. 5. Rationally Adjust the Proportion of Farmland Destroyed, Forest, and Pastoral Land The development and restoration of forestry is a powerful measure to balance the ecology, improve climatic conditions, and turn a vicious circle into a virtuous cycle.

Rational animal husbandry development can provide a large amount of organic matter for the soil, which is a direct measure to fertilize the soil and improve crop yields. Dear The above is all I have, I hope it helps you! Have a great day!!

Increase the application of organic fertilizer.

Insufficient soil organic matter and excessive chemical use often cause soil compaction and poor air permeability. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizer is an important measure to improve soil permeability and change soil properties, depending on the planting crops, 15-25 square meters of chicken manure per mu can be applied, if straw manure and rice husk manure are applied, the effect of soil modification is better, and the amount of straw or rice husk manure can be increased to 35-40 square meters per mu.

The land is deep ploughed. Before planting vegetables, be sure to turn the soil deeply, it is best to turn 30 cm deep with a shovel, and then use a rotary tiller to fine. In this way, the soil is not only breathable and permeable, but also conducive to deep root rooting.

Watering wisely. Proper watering can effectively protect the soil. The traditional watering method is easy to erode and compact the soil, and if the method of flood irrigation is adopted, the air in the soil will be squeezed out, the aggregate structure of the soil will be destroyed, and the water and fertilizer retention of the soil will be reduced.

Drip irrigation, on the other hand, protects the soil, making it looser and more breathable.

Row and hoe frequently. After the plant is planted, frequent hoeing can increase the air permeability of the soil and facilitate the growth of the plant root system.

Reapply microbial fertilizer.

After being applied to the soil, the biological bacteria in the biological fertilizer will multiply in the soil in large quantities, play a role in activating and loosening the soil, and have a significant promoting effect on improving the soil structure and increasing the soil permeability. 150-200 kg of biological fertilizer can be applied per mu, or 25-30 kg per mu each time.

Change the way you cultivate.

Changing the cultivation method can also improve the air permeability of the soil, such as ridge cultivation because watering is carried out in the furrow, so the ridge surface has good air permeability and obvious temperature increase. The soil of vegetable roots planted in furrows is often watered with water, and the air permeability becomes poor, which is easy to cause roots. Therefore, in vegetable cultivation, we should advocate ridge cultivation.

Drip irrigation is used for better watering.

1.Use a soil conditioner.

Soil conditioner can change and improve the soil structure, make the soil loose, balance the pH of the soil, etc., when choosing to understand whether the soil is acidic or alkaline, for different properties of the soil to choose different soil conditioners, but also in strict accordance with the instructions to determine the dosage, otherwise there will be others.

2.Intercropping plum muffled green manure.

This method is more commonly used in orchards, planting alfalfa, vetch, mung bean, grass and other crops between fruit trees, which can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, easy to cultivate, high fertilizer efficiency, and can also be used as feed, which is a low-cost high-quality fertilizer source.

3.Make use of earthworms.

Earthworms can improve the fertility of the soil, and in daily cultivation, you can put some earthworms in the soil to make the soil loose, and at the same time play a role in water retention.

4.Scientific application of chemical fertilizers.

The scientific application of chemical fertilizers is mainly soil testing and fertilization, that is, fertilization is decided according to the specific conditions of the soil. What kind of fertilizer is applied to the soil if it is lacking, and how much is lacking is supplemented, and it is important not to overapply chemical fertilizer in order to achieve high yield.

5.Increase the use of organic fertilizer.

Organic fertilizer has comprehensive nutrients and rich organic matter content, which can effectively solve soil problems such as soil salinization and compaction. According to research, the high yield of an orchard or farm is closely related to the high content of organic matter in the soil.