Who gave me the basic kind of microscope usage and precautions for the biology laboratory

The difference is that light microscopy can only see certain cellular structures such as cell walls, chloroplasts, stained chromosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, etc., while electron microscopy can see the internal structure of organelles and smaller organelles like ribosomes. The microstructure of the cell is seen with a light microscope, and the submicrostructure can be seen with an electron microscope.

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About the use of light microscopes:

1.Microscope pick-up and delivery: Hold the mirror arm with the right hand; Left hand holder for mirror holder; Place on chest.

2.The microscope is rotated with the barrel facing forward and the arm facing backward; Placed on a table in front of the observer's seat, tilted to the left side of the body, so that the left eye can be viewed into the eyepiece; Place it on the inside of the table, about 5 cm from the edge of the table.

3.Alignment: Rotate the coarse collimation spiral to make the lens barrel rise slowly, and then rotate the converter to align the low-magnification objective lens with the clear hole; Turn the light shield (or sheet aperture) with your fingers so that the maximum aperture is aligned with the aperture, and the left eye is fixed into the eyepiece, while turning the reflector so that it is facing the light source so that the brightness in the field of vision is uniform and appropriate.

4.Use of the low-magnification objective: Turn the coarse collimation spiral by hand so that the barrel is slowly lowered while looking at the objective lens from the side with both eyes, stopping when the objective lens is 2 3 mm away from the slide on the stage.

Gaze into the eyepiece with your left eye (note that your right eye should be open at the same time) and turn the coarse focus spiral so that the lens tube rises slowly until you see the object clearly. If it is not clear, the fine collimation spiral can be adjusted until it is clear.

5.Use of high-magnification objective: Before using the high-magnification objective, you must first use the low-magnification objective to find the observed object, adjust it to the positive ** of the field of view, and then turn the converter and change to the high-magnification lens.

After switching to a high magnification lens, the brightness in the field of view becomes darker, so it is common to use a larger aperture and use the concave surface of the mirror, and then adjust the fine collimation spiral. ** The number of objects is smaller, but the volume is larger.

6.Use of reflectors: Mirrors are often used in conjunction with a light shield (or aperture) to adjust the brightness within the field of view.

Mirrors are available in both flat and concave surfaces. When lighting up, use the plane of the mirror if the light is too strong in the field of view, and use a smaller aperture at the same time if the light is still too strong; Conversely, if the light in the field of view is weak, use a wider aperture or use the concave side of the mirror.

Precautions. 1 When holding the microscope, you must hold the lens arm with one hand and the lens holder with the other hand, and keep the lens body vertical, avoid vibration, and gently put it on the stage. Do not lift it with one hand to prevent the microscope and reflector eyepiece from falling.

2 Before use, wipe the lens body and wipe the lens with lens paper (do not wipe it with your fingers). If there is dry cedar oil on the lens table or lens, you can wipe it off with a small amount of xylene with lens polishing paper.

3. If you find that the microscope is not flexible or damaged, do not disassemble and repair it without authorization, and report to the instructor immediately.

4. Pay attention to protect the lens, and do not crush the specimen quilt and damage the lens.

5. After the microscope is used, the microscope card should be registered, and the instructor should check it and put it back into the scope box.

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Make the paddles first, then turn the light, and then adjust the mirror, adjust to your own suitable multiple, and observe.

The experimental principle of microscopic observation of microorganisms is based on the principle of optics, and the observation and study of microorganisms are carried out using an optical magnification system.

In a microscope, a light source illuminates an object through a convex lens, and then passes through the object and is closed to become transmitted light. The transmitted light is magnified by the joint magnification of the objective lens and the eyepiece to form the magnified image. The image was reversed and magnified before it was seen by the human eye.

A microbial sample needs to be prepared, either a microorganism in a liquid culture or a biological sample collected from the sample, which can be smeared on a microscope slide or stretcher smear. Next, the sample is fixed, usually with thermal fixation, formaldehyde fixation, etc. Ultraviolet light can also be used to kill bacteria to ensure that the observed cellular structure retains its original form.

Finally, the sample is placed on the sample rental stage of the microscope, and the magnified microbial morphology and structure, such as cell wall positive, cytoplasm, and nucleus, can be observed using appropriate magnification. By observing the structure and morphology of the enlarged cells, it is possible to study and analyze microorganisms.

1. Take the microscope; Hold the mirror base with one hand and the temple arm with the other, (method: hold the handle in the right hand and tray in the left hand).

2. Adjust the objective lens to the lowest power.

3. Open your left eye, aim at the eyepiece with your right eye, and adjust the aperture to get the most appropriate light.

4. Carefully place the specimen to be observed on the glass slide.

5. Use a dropper to drop a small drop of water on the specimen, and suck out the excess water with a paper towel.

6. After flattening, cover the coverslip, and slowly cover the cover from one side to prevent bubbles.

7. Place the slide on the mirror table.

8. Put in the eyepiece to adjust the aperture, adjust the lens, objective lens, coarse collimation spiral and fine collimation spiral until you can see clearly.

Precautions for use of the microscope and its use.

How to use an optical microscope.

The most used oil lens in biology is to learn how to identify the oil lens first, so as not to be confused with ordinary lenses and damage the lens. Usually the length of the oil lens is larger than that of the low and high magnification lenses, and the lower edge of the lens is generally engraved with a circle of black or white lines, and engraved with the words 100, or oil. Before using the oil lens, first use a low magnification lens to find the target and then drop oil to switch the oil lens, the front lens should be attached to the glass slide, make coarse adjustments when observing, fine-tune after seeing the target, and wipe the oil on the lens with a lens paper after use.

1. Take and place the lens 1 Hold the mirror arm with your right hand and hold the mirror base with your left hand. 2 Place the microscope about 7 cm from the edge of the bench, slightly to the left. Attach the eyepiece and objective.

2. Turn the converter to align the low-magnification objective with the clear aperture (keep a distance of 2 cm between the front end of the objective and the stage).Aim a larger aperture at the clear aperture. One eye is in the eyepiece and the other eye is open.

Turn the mirror so that the light is reflected into the barrel through the aperture. Through the eyepiece, you can see a bright white circular field of vision. 3. Observation (under low magnification, put the slide specimen to be observed on the stage, press it with a tablet clamp, and the specimen should be facing the center of the light hole.)

Turn the coarse collimator spiral so that the lens barrel is slowly lowered until the objective lens is close to the slide specimen (at this point the eye must look at the objective).4. Focus one eye to look into the eyepiece, and at the same time rotate the coarse quasi-focus spiral in the counterclockwise direction, so that the lens barrel slowly rises until the object is clearly visible. Then turn the fine collimation spiral slightly to make the image of the object seen more clearly.

5. Observation under high magnification 6. Move the image of the object observed under low magnification to the ** of the field of view. 7. Turn the converter and observe with a high magnification lens, and gently turn the fine collimation spiral until you can see the image clearly.

Last week, we took the unit "Microscopy", and the teacher asked us to go to the laboratory to do an experiment on the application of microscope, so that we could learn more about it.

At first, the teacher told us a little about microscopes, and then we started to develop microscopes. When I opened the package, there were fly wing specimens made by the sixth graders from the previous class, and a glass slide, as long as the water sample was dropped onto the glass slide, it could be observed. My water sample was taken from the pond in the community, and I used a mineral water bottle to put some of it, and then put it on my desk, leaving it alone and letting it "fend for itself", and it was left like this for two weeks, and I guess there will be a big change in it.

Cai Junjun and I first put the fly wing specimen under the microscope, adjusted the reflector, and began to observe. Strangely, what I saw was a patch of red, nothing. I asked Cai Junjun to try it, but he saw it!

Well? What's going on? I thought about it, but I couldn't figure it out.

When I heard the word "light," I patted my head. Yes! My own hand blocks the reflection of the mirror, so I can't see it!

So I got careful and put my hands behind my back. Finally, I saw the fly wings, and the textures on the wings were very clear. I whispered:

Oh yes! Then he said to Cai Junjun: "Let's observe the water sample."

Cai Junjun also seemed to be excited, and said, "Okay! Let's see what's on the water sample!

I took out my carefully prepared water sample and began to observe. I used the dropper issued by my teacher, sucked it lightly in the water sample, then carefully dropped a drop on the glass slide, and then aimed my eyes at the eyepiece. Something amazing happened!

There are so many "little sesame seeds" crawling in the water! I was so happy that I almost jumped up, and said loudly to Cai Junjun: "Look at it too, there are 'little sesame seeds' moving in it!"

He looked down for a moment and shouted excitedly.

At this time, the teacher happened to come over, we suppressed our excitement, and asked the teacher to see if there were microorganisms crawling inside, and the teacher looked carefully and said happily, "Yes, you have succeeded." Cai Junjun and I clapped our hands and shouted together: "It's really successful!" ”

At the end of the class, the teacher made a summary and told us that in a drop of water, there are many small creatures with small bodies and simple structures, which are very small and cannot be seen with the naked eye, and can only be seen with the help of a microscope, so they are called microorganisms. Microorganisms, animals and plants form a biological army that makes nature appear vibrant.

In this experiment, I felt the magic of the microscope, vividly saw the form of microorganisms, and truly understood the meaning of hygiene, which was really beneficial!

Summary. Hello dear, happy to answer for you! The similarities and differences between a homemade microscope and a laboratory microscope are:

There are two lenses; They all have to adjust the distance according to the use and mode of action, as well as inverted microscopes, fluorescence microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, polarizing microscopes, etc., the similarities and differences between homemade microscopes and laboratory microscopes.

Hello dear, happy to answer for you! The similarities and differences between the lead sail microscope and the laboratory microscope are: there are two lenses; They all rush to adjust the distance according to the use and mode of action, as well as inverted microscopes, fluorescence microscopes, phase difference microscopes, polarizing microscopes, etc., pro-microscope is an optical instrument composed of a lens or a combination of several lenses, which is a sign that mankind has entered the atomic age.

1] A microscope is an instrument that is mainly used to magnify tiny objects that can be seen by the human eye. Microscopes: Optical microscopes and electron microscopes: The optical microscope was pioneered in 1590 by Jensen of the Netherlands.

The current optical microscope can magnify the Chang state banquet object 1600 times, the minimum limit of resolution reaches 1 2 wavelength, and the length of the mechanical tube of the domestic closed microscope is generally 160 mm. The person who made great contributions to the development of microscopes and microbiology is Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch national.