Which planets in the universe have liquid water and which planets have water

Very common. From the perspective of the universe, hydrogen accounts for more than 70% of the universe, and oxygen is also a very common product of stellar fusion, so it is easy to understand that there is a lot of water (ice) in the universe.

Then look inside the solar system.

Let's talk about the outer planets first, not to mention the four big planets of wood, earth, sky, and sea, find one of their moons, such as Europa, on which there is more water ice than the entire earth. A large part of these solid-state satellites as a whole are ice.

This diagram is intuitive:

Europa and the Earth's water.

Four large planets, not to mention.

The problem is mainly with the inner planets.

Although the inner planets other than the Earth are much drier than the outer planets, Venus and Mars also contain a lot of water (ice).

Let's talk about Mercury first, because it is too close to the sun, the solar radiation is too strong, the temperature is high, and Mercury itself has no atmosphere, water molecules are easily destroyed by ultraviolet rays and other solar radiation, and hydrogen escapes. The only place astronomers now speculate that Mercury might have water is where certain suns will never shine in Mercury's polar regions. There may be comets, meteoroids that bring some ice.

Then there's Venus, which faces a similar situation to Mercury: solar radiation is strong, temperatures are high, and water molecules can easily be destroyed and escape, so Venus is also a relatively dry planet. If all the water vapor in Venus is condensed into a liquid and spread on the surface of Venus, it is only a few centimeters.

But it's much better than Mercury.

Finally, there is Mars. Let's start with the conclusion: if the water ice on Mars is spread horizontally on its surface, it can reach a thickness of about 5 meters, which is not less. Most of the water ice on Mars is hidden in the polar crowns of the poles, and there is some ice deep below the surface.

When the solar system first formed, the inner and outer solar systems should have been about the same amount of water. As the primordial sun formed, it began to glow and heat, the water in the inner solar system began to be destroyed, and the hydrogen mass was small, and if the mass of the planet was not large enough, it was easy to escape, so that the hydrogen element was gradually driven away from the inner solar system. There is a "snow line" in the middle of the inner and outer solar systems, probably between Mars and Jupiter.

Now there is a shortage of water in water, gold, and Mars, in fact, there is a lack of hydrogen, and oxygen is everywhere. In the hundreds of millions of years since Mars was formed, there was a lot of water on it, and because the temperature on Mars was higher than it is now, a huge ocean was formed, and there are still traces of water currents. That's how the water was lost.

There is another factor, and that is temperature. Venus and Mars are the two extremes of the inner solar system. There is a concept of a "habitable zone" in the planetary system, which is basically the area where liquid water energy exists.

Although there is still some water on Venus and Mars, we cannot see liquid water flowing on them because of the temperature. Venus is completely vapor, while Mars is dry and cold, either vapor or water ice.

As for the earth, it happens to be in the habitable zone; Second, the mass is large enough and has its own magnetic field, the water molecules are better protected, and even if the hydrogen is destroyed, it is not easy to escape; And with the addition of comets, so much liquid water is preserved - all the horizontal paving on the planet can reach a thickness of several km!

In fact, there are both aspects, the distance between the earth and the sun is suitable so that the temperature of the earth will not be too high and not too cold, the water will not be evaporated into gaseous and condensed into a solid state, but there is another reason that the earth has the thermal insulation of the atmosphere to make most of the water is liquid, the distance between the moon and the sun is basically the same as the earth, but because the moon has no atmosphere, the temperature difference between day and night is too large, if there is water, the water will definitely be evaporated into a gaseous state during the day, and it will condense into a solid state at night. The reason why the moon does not have an atmosphere is because the mass of the moon is too small to retain air, so not only water, but also the conditions of the earth itself and the conditions of the universe are extremely important conditions for life on earth.

Watery planets have Ganymede.

2. Ganymede. 3. Ganymede.

4. Ceres, Pluto, Enceladus.

In particular, Europa and Enceladus contain more than several times the amount of water that the Earth seeps. Europa is only a quarter of the diameter of the Earth, but it has an ice layer about 100 kilometers thick, and all the water gathers into a sphere, which will reach a diameter of 877 kilometers; Enceladus has been confirmed to have water by the Cassini probe, but beneath the surface ice sheet is an ocean of liquid water, estimated to contain 2-3 times more water than Earth.

The origin of the planet.

Planets are formed through gravitational pull. Giant spherical bodies made up of various substances are called planets.

Planets have a certain shape and have their own orbits. Inside the mass concentration area. In this area, there is a slight imbalance in the mass distribution of the same wide sample, and there are also some places where the mass density is slightly larger and others that are slightly smaller.

Similarly, the closer to the center, the higher the density, and the farther to the periphery, the lower the density.

The matter will concentrate in a place with a greater mass. As a result of concentration, the matter is highly concentrated, and eventually it will become a shining star. Some stars will form smaller planets because they are too small to shine on their own, and they are planets.

The planet with water in the universe: Enceladus.

Sixth, Ganymede. 2. Ganymede.

4. Earth, Mercury, etc.

1. Titan.

Titan, also known as Titan, is a moon orbiting Saturn, the largest of Saturn's moons and the second largest in the solar system. It was discovered by Dutch physicist, astronomer and mathematician Christian Huygens on March 25, 1655, the first moon to be discovered in the solar system after Jupiter's Galilean moon.

Because it is the only moon in the solar system that has or is late to the thick atmosphere, it is highly suspected of the existence of life, and scientists have speculated that methane in the atmosphere may be the basis for life.

2. Europa.

Europa [ju r up], discovered by Galileo in 1610, is the sixth known moon of Jupiter, the fourth largest of Jupiter, and the second closest to Jupiter among the moons discovered by Galileo.

3. Callisto.

Callisto, also known as Calisto (English pronunciation: k l sto, Greek: is a moon orbiting Jupiter, first discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610.

Europa is the third largest moon in the Sun's Huna system and the second largest moon of Jupiter, after Ganymede.

4. Earth. Earth is one of the eight planets in the solar system, the third planet in order from near to far, and it is also the terrestrial planet with the largest diameter, mass and density in the solar system, 100 million kilometers away from the sun. The Earth rotates from west to east while revolving around the Sun.

It's 4,04.6 billion years old, and it has a natural satellite, the Moon, and the two make up a celestial system, the Earth-Moon System. It originated from the primordial solar nebula 4.6 billion years ago.

5. Mercury. Mercury is the innermost and smallest of the eight planets in the solar system, and it is also the closest planet to the Sun. China, known as Chenxing, has the largest orbital heart rate among the eight planets.

It orbits the Sun once every Earth day, and it also rotates three times per revolution.

Other planets in the solar system may also have liquid water, but it has not yet been proven.

Titan, for example, is very likely to have liquid water.

Titan (also known as Titan) is a moon orbiting Saturn, the largest of Saturn's moons and the second largest in the solar system. So far, several probes have tested this huge satellite.

Through exploration, scientists found that Titan has a dense atmosphere and numerous lakes made of liquid methane and ethane.

The latest data from the Cassini probe suggests that there may be a layer of liquid water beneath the frozen ground of Titan, Saturn's largest moon.

Based on Cassini's observations, scientists speculate that Titan's subterranean sea should be about 100 kilometers below the surface.

In addition, scientists believe that there may also be abundant liquid water under Mars.

There are other celestial bodies in the solar system that have liquid water.

Scientific investigations have shown that in the solar system, the moons around Jupiter have found frozen water with a thickness of hundreds of kilometers, so some people speculate that there may be liquid water under the frozen water, which means that life may exist.

The atmosphere on Titan is mainly composed of nitrogen, but in the context of long-term low pressure and low temperatures, a fluid of liquid methane forms on the surface. The probes on Mars continue to send messages to Earth, and although no life has been found, there is liquid water under the ice, and maybe Qin Xing's dream of immigrating to Mars one day can really come true!

Because the distance from the sun is very suitable, it is not too hot or too cold, and the atmosphere is stable, and the temperature difference between day and night and the temperature difference between the four seasons is small. Not like the other planets of the solar system, not as hot as Mercury, three or four. The water will evaporate quickly.

It's not as cold and fierce as Neptune, only minus four or five, the water is all condensed into ice, and it is buried deep in the ground, unable to be discovered and used by Risui Zhiga.

As follows:

1. Liquid methane ocean over Titan.

Titan is the second largest moon in the solar system, and large amounts of liquid methane are present on this moon. In some theory, this organic matter is enough to sustain some life, and the volume of liquid methane oceans on Titan is even comparable to that of Earth's oceans.

2. The hydrothermal ocean beneath Enceladus.

There is an ocean on Enceladus, and the temperature of the ocean is very high. Because there are one or more fixed-point heat sources on Enceladus, a special substance is formed in this ice body of only 500 km: silica.

3. Pluto and its moon Charon.

Pluto is a planet very far from the Sun, and because of its special orbit that led to its removal from the solar system, Pluto's surface is very cold. There are rifts in Pluto and its moons, and these rifts indicate that there was once a water source or that there was water flowing underground.

How did water come from in the universe?

If you want to get water, you first need hydrogen and oxygen, of which hydrogen can be said to be "everywhere" in the universe, because the hydrogen atom is actually composed of a proton and an electron, and the structure is very simple, so not long after the birth of the universe, hydrogen has existed in large quantities.

The emergence of oxygen needs to be "processed" by nuclear fusion inside the star. After the death of the star, these oxygen elements are released into space, and the next thing is that the hydrogen and oxygen elements in the universe are chemically reacted to form water molecules (H2O).