Since there is a principle of invariance of the speed of light, why is light still affected by the D

First of all, it is necessary to understand that the Doppler effect has nothing to do with the speed of light, and the Doppler effect does not affect the propagation of the speed of light, and secondly, the constant speed of light is only applicable to the special theory of relativity, and the speed of light can also change from the perspective of the macrocosm of the universe.

The principle of invariance of the speed of light refers to the speed of light waves, and the Doppler effect affects the frequency of light waves, and it is because of the principle of invariance of the speed of light that the special theory of relativity is generated, thus obtaining the Doppler effect.

This is because the Doppler effect affects the frequency of light, but not the speed of light, and the positional movement affects the sound waves, which causes a change in frequency.

Because the frequency of forward movement increases, the effect changes, and different distances appear, so it is affected by this effect.

Light has wave-particle duality, and light has both the properties of a particle (light.

sub), which also has the characteristics of waves (interference and diffraction of light), and the wave theory of the classical genus deduces three major conclusions: 1The frequency of light is uncertain, and for very weak light, in order to make the electrons get enough energy to escape, there is a process of energy accumulation that can make the electrons escape 2

There is a time difference between the light and the escape of electrons on the metal, and the stronger the light, the shorter the time difference. 3. The direction of the evolution of photoelectrons is affected by the direction of illumination.

But accurate experiments have proven:1The illumination frequency must reach the limit frequency of the metal, and the electrons will escape only if the electrons have escape work, otherwise the photoelectric effect will not occur no matter how long the illumination time is.

2.There is basically no lag in the escape of light and electrons, and the time difference is about 10-9 seconds, which is negligible. 3.

In the photoelectric effect, the direction of electron emission is not completely directional, but most of them are shot perpendicular to the metal surface, regardless of the direction of illumination. It can be seen that wave theory can never justify itself.

First of all, the wave theory makes the problem of not intervening photons (the energy of light propagates in the form of photons one by one) to consider the problem, and the classical wave theory is flawed, and it is necessary to break through the classical theory in order to explain the photoelectric effect.

First of all, the wave theory of light holds that light is a wave similar to sound waves and water waves, and therefore requires a medium for its propagation. To explain the phenomenon of light energy propagation in a vacuum, the existence of the etheric medium is assumed. In this way, light is only a phenomenon, an effect of etheric fluctuations, not a substance.

Secondly, the photoelectric effect refers to a phenomenon in which light can beat electrons out of metal, and the amount of light is not related to the intensity of light, but only to the frequency of light, which cannot be explained by the fluctuation of light, but can be explained by the rotten resistance of light like particles. Einstein was the first to explain this phenomenon with this point of view and came up with a formula, the results of which were consistent with experiments, for which Einstein was also awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Third, what exactly is light? Is it a wave or a particle? De Broglie proposed the wave-particle duality of matter, so that light is both a wave and a particle.

However, the wave at the beginning of the hunger is not a wave like sound waves and water waves, but a wave in a statistical sense, that is, a wave property embodied in the overall behavior of a large number of matter. Therefore, in essence, light is a particle, commonly known as photon, which is one of the elementary particles.

The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which light can knock electrons out of metal, and the amount of light is not related to the intensity of light, but only to the frequency of light, which cannot be explained by the wave of light.

The energy of the wave can be continuously increased, that is, the increase of light intensity, but it does not mean that the energy received by a single electron in an instantaneous period is continuously increased, assuming that light is not particle-like, but the energy received by each electron is related to the wavelength and frequency of the incident light wave.

1.Classical mechanics believes that the stronger the intensity of light, the easier it is to excite electrons, but experiments have found that if the frequency of light is lower than a certain critical frequency, even the strongest light cannot excite electrons; 2.Classical mechanics believes that after the light with low intensity hits the metal, it takes a period of time for the electrons to accumulate enough energy to be excited from the bondage of the nucleus, but experiments have found that as long as the frequency of light is higher than a certain critical frequency, no matter how weak the light intensity is, as long as the light shines, the photoelectrons can be observed almost immediately; 3.

Classical mechanics believes that the energy of the excited photoelectrons is positively correlated with the intensity of light, that is, the stronger the light intensity, the greater the energy of the excited photoelectrons, but experiments have found that the energy of each photoelectron is only related to the frequency of light, and has nothing to do with the intensity of light, and the light intensity only affects the intensity of the photocurrent, that is, the number of electrons excited per unit time.

In fact, the theory of the photoelectric effect breaks through classical mechanics, and the reason why you don't understand it is because you are still trying to use the theory of classical mechanics to understand the photoelectric effect. For example, what you call absorbing the energy of an integrated photon, etc., these are the understanding of classical mechanical forces. Classical mechanics is ingrained in our minds, so when we encounter theories that contradict classical mechanics, we may fall into confusion.

In fact, what you have to do at this time is to be "generous", that is, to accept this theory generously and use this theory boldly. What is a theory, a theory originally arose to explain certain phenomena, and if this theory is correct, it can explain more phenomena, or correctly predict more phenomena. The theories of classical mechanics and the theory of the photoelectric effect, including the theory of relativity, all come from this.

The theory of the photoelectric effect is to perfectly explain the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect and correctly predict some other phenomena with the light spot effect. There are some contradictions in this theory that are contrary to classical mechanics (including this point that you don't understand), but what can be done, people are right. It can only be understood that the theory of classical mechanics does not apply to quantum mechanics.

You can't think of quantum mechanics in terms of classical mechanics. As long as the theory is correct, we will accept it at this stage. Perhaps with the development of science, we will find that there is a problem with the original theory, but it is not that the theory is incorrect, but that there is a scope of application.

Hehe, it's too much, forgive me. — I'm the dividing line——— replied to add: Again, you can't let go of the classical mechanics stuff.

Why do you say that electrons have to follow "monogamy", this is thinking with the ideas of classical mechanics. In classical mechanics, if an object has the ability to absorb more energy, then it will absorb more energy, which is not the case with the photoelectric effect. As for why not, there is no why, the laws of nature.

The law of nature is determined, the micro and macro laws are different, and the laws of high speed and low speed are different. If you want to ask why, there are many places where you need to ask why. For example, what is Newton's second law and why is f=ma.

You might say, there is no why, the laws of nature, the results of experiments. Yes, the law of the photoelectric effect is also the law of the laboratory, and it is also the law of nature. It is pointless to study quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity, which are contrary to classical mechanics, and not to use the theories of classical mechanics to question and get to the bottom of things.

In physics textbooks, there is an explanation of the wave-particle binary shape of light, that is, how we can understand and accept this theory that is contrary to classical mechanics (in classical mechanics, waves are waves, particles are particles, and there cannot be a substance that has the properties of both waves and particles, but light subverts this classical theory), you can take a look. In short, we should generously accept, rather than question, the truth that is contrary to classical mechanics and overcome this obsessive-compulsive disorder.

What you said makes a lot of sense, the laws of nature are like this, we don't need to doubt it, just accept it when we start learning.

The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which light can knock electrons out of the metal void, and the amount of light is not related to the intensity of light, but only to the frequency of light, which cannot be explained by the wave of light.

The energy of the wave can be continuously increased, that is, the increase of light intensity, but it does not mean that the energy received by a single electron in an instantaneous period is continuously increased, assuming that light is not particle-like, but the energy received by each electron is related to the wavelength and frequency of the incident light wave.

It can be understood like this:

The object in general is thrown, which, due to inertia, has at least the same velocity as the body. For example, if an object is dropped from an airplane, the object has the same initial velocity as the airplane, even if it is stationary relative to the airplane. In this case, inertia leads to the effect of "velocity build-up".

In the case of waves, there is no such "velocity build-up" effect. It can be said that the emitted wave propagates on its own and has nothing to do with the speed of motion of the wave source. So in the same medium, the wave velocity is never the same.

Yes. This phenomenon is common in astronomy.

When a luminescent object is told to move away from us, its spectrum will become longer due to the Doppler effect, and its color will be red, the so-called "red shift", which some astronomers cite as evidence that the universe is telling to expand.

Conversely, when they approach us quickly, the wavelength of the spectrum becomes shorter and the color shifts to blue, which becomes a "blue shift".