How to treat chronic kidney failure and how to treat chronic kidney failure

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Chronic renal failure is not a stand-alone disease, but is a common outcome of the ongoing progression of various chronic kidney diseases into later stages. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by metabolite retention, imbalance of water, electrolytes and acid-base balance, and systemic symptoms.

If creatinine does not rise much and the kidneys do not shrink, a renal biopsy may be attempted to determine the pathologic type, followed by glucocorticoids, immunologic agents, or cytotoxic drugs**. If creatinine is elevated, renal biopsy is not a candidate and complications such as hypertension (with drugs such as telmisartan and nifedipine extended-release tablets) and renal anemia (iron supplementation and, if necessary, erythropoietin**).

Delay the progression of kidney disease and reduce the occurrence of complications. At this time, it is necessary to use drugs that reduce urine protein, reduce creatinine, and protect the kidneys, such as ACE inhibitors or ARB drugs and Chinese patent drugs, such as Haikun Nephroxi, Urutoqing, etc., and actively develop complications, such as renal hypertension, renal anemia, renal bone disease, etc. If a patient with chronic renal failure has entered the uremic stage, dialysis or a kidney transplant** are required.

How to ** Chronic Kidney Failure? This is a concern for many patients and their families. Some people know they have chronic kidney failure, but they don't know how to do it, how to do it.

This tends to affect the optimal timing of the disease and affects a good prognosis. So, how to ** chronic kidney failure?

If you have been diagnosed with chronic kidney failure, do not panic. Be sure to follow the doctor's arrangement and actively cooperate with the doctor**. In the course of chronic renal failure, the aim is to relieve symptoms and slow the progression of CRF.

1. Primary disease**.

Level 1 is also one of the methods of chronic renal failure, as long as you adhere to the long-term reasonable primary or secondary glomerulonephritis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, etc., the effect is good. or avoid factors that worsen CRF, such as volume depletion, severe infection, urinary tract obstruction, use of nephrotoxic drugs, etc. So as to achieve better results.

2. Syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.

Traditional Chinese medicine is the best way to treat chronic renal failure, which can effectively alleviate symptoms and delay the progression of chronic renal failure. Some patients can use traditional Chinese medicine catharsis and lotion to reduce the number of dialysis sessions and relieve a lot of pain for patients.

Third, diet**.

Diet is also an indispensable part, and a reasonable and nutritious diet has a great role in promoting diseases. Calories must be maintained at 30 to 35 kcal per day, and during the compensatory period of renal function, a low-protein (g-kg-day), low-phosphorus (750 mg-day) high-quality diet can be given, and essential amino acids or ketoacids can be supplemented if necessary. Non-dialysis patients should be fed a high-quality, low-protein diet containing essential amino acids or ketoacids.

Fourth, control high blood pressure.

In the process of chronic renal failure, patients should also control hypertension with drugs to avoid the effects of increased blood pressure. For patients with acute deterioration of early renal function, dopamine and prostaglandin E1 may be tried. Refractory hypertension can be treated with oral long pressure tablets, intravenous phentolamine, or sodium nitroprusside**.

Hypervolemic hypertension complicated by heart failure should be treated with prompt dialysis. Be careful not to lower blood pressure too quickly or make blood pressure too low. It should be controlled left and right.

The verb (abbreviation of verb) detox**.

After some patients get sick, they accumulate too much toxins in their bodies, which brings great harm to the disease. Patients with mild disease may be treated with oral aldehyde starch, oral dialysis salts, urutoxin, or renal failure. Some patients were treated with mannitol saline or traditional Chinese medicine enema**.

End-stage renal failure requires replacement** (dialysis or kidney transplantation).

** of intransitive verb complications.

7. Maintain water and electrolyte balance and correct metabolic acidosis.

Patients with chronic renal failure who are dehydrated in the early stages should be properly hydrated and should not be overhydrated or too quickly. Patients with urine, edema, and hypertension should limit their intake of water and salt, and inject furosemide intermittently. If the dose is greater than 400 mg daily, there is no need to use it again if there is still no response.

Severe edema or heart failure should be dialysis as soon as possible.

There is a detailed understanding. In the process of the disease, we must choose the best method that suits us, treat the symptoms but not the root cause, and avoid blindness, so as not to cause serious consequences.

Diet**. 1.Weight days) and vitamin-rich diets such as eggs, milk, and lean meats are high-quality proteins.

Patients must consume enough calories, generally 30-35 kcal (kg of body weight per day). If necessary, the staple food can be wheat starch with plant protein removed.

2.A low-protein diet plus essential amino acids or ketoacids**. When using ketoacid**, pay attention to recheck the blood calcium concentration, and use with caution when hypercalcemia occurs. If there is no severe hypertension and significant edema, the urine output is 1000 ml a day, and the salt is 2-4 g a day.

2) Medications**.

The aims of CRF drugs** include: relieving CRF symptoms, alleviating or eliminating patient suffering, and improving quality of life; delay the progression of chronic renal failure and prevent it from progressing; Prevent complications and improve survival rates.

1.Correction of acidosis and water-electrolyte imbalances.

1) Metabolic acidosis corrects metabolic poisoning, mainly oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Patients with moderate to severe disease can receive intravenous fluids if necessary, and acidosis is basically corrected for more than 72 hours. For patients with significant heart failure, it is necessary to prevent excessive total NAHCO3 input and slow input speed to avoid aggravating the cardiac workload or even heart failure.

2) Prevention and treatment of water and sodium imbalance. Loose limb intake of sodium should be appropriately limited. In general, the intake of NaCl should not exceed 6 8 g d, and for people with significant edema and hypertension, sodium intake is generally 2 3 g d (NaCl intake is 5 7 g d), and in some severe cases it can be limited to 1 2 g d (.

Loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide, etc.) It can also be used as needed. Thiazide diuretics and potassium storage diuretics have poor efficacy on CRF (SCR220mol L) and should not be used.

Patients with acute heart failure and severe pulmonary edema should be given prompt ultrafiltration alone and continuous hemofiltration (e.g., continuous venous-venous hemofiltration).

In general, patients with chronic renal failure do not need to be active in mild to moderate hyponatremia, but they should be analyzed differently**, and only those with true sodium deficiency should be cautious to supplement the old sodium salt. Hyponatremia with severe sodium deficiency should be corrected with a step-by-liter rise.

3) Prevention and treatment of hyperkalemiaPatients with renal failure are prone to hyperkalemia, especially when the serum potassium level is high, and potassium intake should be more strictly restricted. Potassium intake should be restricted, attention should be paid to prompt correction of acidosis and appropriate use of diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide, etc.). ) increases urinary potassium excretion, thus effectively preventing hyperkalemia.

In patients with hyperkalemia, in addition to restricting potassium intake, the following measures should be taken: aggressive correction of acidosis and, if necessary, intravenous sodium bicarbonate (serum potassium 6 mmol L). Give loop diuretics:

It is best to give furosemide or bumetanide intravenously or intramuscularly. The infusion is a glucose-insulin solution. Oral potassium-lowering resin:

Calcium polystyrene sulfonate is more suitable because only ionized calcium is released during the ion exchange process, and no sodium is released, which does not increase the sodium load. Patients with severe hyperkalemia (hypokalemia and poor diuretic effect should undergo haemodialysis promptly**.

**It is recommended to eat more protein every day, vegetables, eggs, spinach, greens, fruits, cherries, apples, bananas, longan, and then smoke less, alcoholism, stay up late, it will be effective for a long time, I wish you soon**!!