On the basis of what kind of opera did Peking Opera develop?

Hui opera, originated in the Ming Dynasty"Hui Chi Ya"。During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the Jiangxi Yiyang dialect spread to Qingyang, Anhui Province, and the Guichi area, combined with the folk tunes that the local people like to see, created a new cavity, and formed a Qingyang dialect with local characteristics; The Qingyang dialect was also influenced by folk folk songs and Kunqu opera, and developed for a long time to form today's Hui opera. Its characteristics are:

Singing in white not only gives the characters in the opera a wide margin to pour out their feelings such as inner depression and anger, but also is full of narrative. The vocal range of the singing voice is unusually vast, giving people a rough and beautiful feeling.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, famous Hui opera artists Gao Langting and Hao Tianshou brought Hui opera to Yangzhou for performances. At that time, Yangzhou was one of the national cultural centers, yes"Hanabe"but was soon overwhelmed by the virtuosity of Hui opera. In the 55th year of Qianlong, Gao Langting was brought to Beijing and was welcomed by the Beijing audience.

Then, again"Four joys","Chuntai"，"and spring"Wait for the Hui class to enter Beijing.

Soon after Hui Opera entered Beijing, Han Opera also entered Beijing, and Hui Opera absorbed Xipi from Han Opera, further enriched it, and developed its own vocal cavity. Since then, Hui Opera has not only broken into the imperial palace and vibrated the capital, but also spread widely and affected the whole country. It took root in the north and gradually absorbed the Beijing dialect of the north, and its high accent was combined with the northern language to develop into Peking Opera.

Its influence on opera in the south is also very far-reaching, Jiangxi's Gan opera, Sichuan's Sichuan opera, Guangdong's Cantonese opera, Guangxi's Gui opera, and Yunnan's Dian opera are all influenced by Hui opera to varying degrees.

An outstanding representative who has made outstanding contributions to the performing arts of Hui Opera is the veteran artist Cheng Changgeng. Cheng Changgeng's name is Chun, the word Yushan, and he is a native of Qianshan, Anhui. He used Huiyin, Jingyin, and Chuyin together, detached himself from the vulgar and innovative, and became a family, for Hui Opera, he played a role in inheriting the past, and for Peking Opera, he played a role in the aftermath, so he became the founder of Peking Opera.

The performing arts of Hui Opera are rich and colorful. It pays attention to the platform and high platform martial arts, pays attention to the beauty of the figure and the sculpture that appears, and pays attention to the shaping of the character image and the style of the picture. Platform and high-platform martial arts are the most prominent in Hui opera, such as"One-legged single kick"、"Forkleg single kick"、"Knife door"、"Flying forks"and so on are extremely thrilling, as for the high-stage martial arts, it is even more dangerous, the average actor has to turn over three tables, and some have to turn over seven tables.

figure, appearance, in the Hui opera has a sense of sculpture art. Hui opera pays attention to collective performances, and when necessary, all songs and dances in unison, which is magnificent and the scene is enthusiastic. There are many repertoire of Hui opera, it is recorded that there are 1,404 of them, because of the age, most of them are manuscripts, and many books are lost.

Peking Opera was formed between the 20th year of Daoguang and the 10th year of Xianfeng, that is, from 1840 to 1860. The predecessor of Peking Opera was the Hui Class, which was highly mobile, and through the continuous exchange and integration of the four Hui Classes into Beijing, Peking Opera was formed. The artistic expressions of Peking Opera are diverse, which to a certain extent promotes cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

Peking Opera Artistic Expressions.

The singing voice of Peking Opera is mainly composed of two reeds and xipi, which is very characteristic of Beijing language. The accompaniment of Peking Opera is divided into two categories: the Wenchang and the Wuchang, with the Huqin as the main instrument and the Wuchang as the main instrument. The roles of Peking Opera are mainly divided into Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Ugly.

Mei Lanfang, a famous Danjiao, often performs Peking Opera overseas, which greatly promotes cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

Peking Opera is formed from Han tunes and Kunqu opera. Peking Opera, also known as Ping Opera.

Peking Opera is the most influential type of opera in China.

The distribution area is centered in Beijing and spreads all over the country.

Since the 55th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1790), the three celebrations and four joys that were originally performed in the south.

The four major Hui troupes of Chuntai and Hechun entered Beijing one after another, cooperated with Han tune artists from Hubei, and at the same time accepted some repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin dialect, and absorbed some local folk tunes, and finally formed Peking Opera through continuous exchanges and integration.

Introduction

Peking Opera in literature, performance, **, stage art.

and other aspects have a set of standardized artistic expressions. I would like to tease the singing voice of Peking Opera is a plate variation, with two reeds and Xipi.

It is the main vocal cavity.

The accompaniment of Peking Opera is divided into two categories: the literary field and the martial arts field, and the literary field is based on the huqin.

As the main instrument, the martial arts field is dominated by drum boards. The roles of Peking Opera are divided into Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou, Miscellaneous, Wu, Liu, etc., and the last three lines are no longer specialized. Each industry has a set of performance programs, and the skills of singing, chanting, doing and playing have their own characteristics.

Peking Opera mainly focuses on historical stories, with more than 1,300 traditional repertoire, and more than 3,400 are often performed.

Peking Opera is one of the important art forms in traditional Chinese culture, which was formed on the basis of the convergence of various opera genres during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Among them, there are four types of opera with the greatest influence, namely Han opera, Qin dialect, Shandong Bangzi and Kunqu opera.

Han opera, also known as "Lu'an opera", is a local opera that spreads in Anhui and Henan. It originated in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty and is based on local folk music and has evolved after years of development. The rhythm of Chinese opera is bright, the singing is high-pitched and powerful, the dance is vigorous and flexible, and the performance style is bold and unrestrained.

The "martial arts" in Peking Opera originated from Han opera.

Qin dialect, also known as "Xi'an dialect", is a local opera spread in Shaanxi. It originated at the end of the Ming Dynasty and was formed based on local folk opera and integrating elements of Han and Tang dynasties, dance and opera performances. Qin's singing voice is clear and pleasant, the tone fluctuates, and the performance style is delicate and rigorous.

The "literary opera" in Peking Opera originated from the Qin dialect.

Shandong Bangzi is a local opera spread in Shandong. It originated in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and was formed based on local folk opera, integrating elements of the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Ant Grip Dance and the opera performance. Shandong Bangzi's singing voice is sharp and piercing, the tone is stable, and the performance style is rough and bold.

The "singing tone" in Peking Opera originated from Shandong Bangzi.

Kunqu opera, one of the classical Chinese operas, originated in the Yuan Dynasty. It is based on the ** art of the south, absorbing the ** of the Tang and Song dynasties, dance and opera performance elements and formed. The singing of Kunqu Opera is soft and melodious, the tonal transformation is natural, and the performance style is delicate and graceful.

The four performance elements of "singing, reading, doing, and fighting" in Peking Opera are all influenced by Kunqu Opera.

The above four types of opera have had an important impact on the formation of Peking Opera Pi Meng. On the basis of these operas, Peking Opera has gradually formed its own unique art form after years of development and evolution. Through the performance of Peking Opera, the audience can feel the profound heritage and profundity of traditional Chinese culture.