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The positioning of a building is to determine the position of the building on the ground. That is, according to the design conditions, the intersection points of each axis of the building outline are measured and set on the ground, which is used as the basis for foundation and detail lofting.
Pay-off of buildings.
It refers to the position of the intersection of other axes according to the positioning of the main axis pile, and the position of the intersection point of each axis is measured in detail, and it is marked out with a wooden pile (a small nail on the pile), which is called the central pile. And accordingly according to the foundation width and grading.
Wide, sprinkle the boundary line of the base groove with a white ash line.
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Architecture is a general term for buildings and structures. In order to meet the needs of social life, people use the material and technical means they have mastered, and use certain scientific laws, feng shui concepts and aesthetic laws to create an artificial environment.
Some classifications distinguish buildings from non-architectural structures that people do not occupy for a long time in order to clearly express their usefulness, and some architectural scholars deliberately subdivide buildings with conscious appearances into "architecture" in order to avoid confusion. It is important to note that sometimes buildings may also be expanded to include "non-building structures" such as bridges, power towers, tunnels, etc.
Buildings have both broad and narrow meanings. A building in a broad sense refers to everything that is artificially constructed, including both houses and structures.
A building in the narrow sense refers to a house and does not include structures. A house refers to a place with foundations, walls, roofs, doors, and windows that can shelter from the wind and rain for people to live, work, study, play, store things, or carry out other activities. Architecture-related majors mostly refer to the narrow meaning of buildings.
The best way to illustrate the concept of building in the study of "architecture" is Lao Tzu: "The tool is thought to be a tool, and when it is not there, the tool is also used." The chisel is a room, and when it is not there, it is used for a room.
This is undoubtedly the clearest and most direct expression of the concept of building in the narrow sense.
Unlike buildings, structures do not have an internal space for people to use, and people generally do not directly carry out production and living activities in them, such as chimneys, water towers, bridges, dams, sculptures, etc.
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Residential buildings: such as residences, student dormitories, guest houses.
Public buildings: such as office, science and education, culture and sports, broadcasting, medical, commercial, post and telecommunications, transportation and other buildings.
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Explanation of the term of building: a house or place built artificially for people to carry out production, life and other activities, such as factories, residences, theaters, temples, stations, bridges, tunnels, etc.
Pinyin: [jiàn zhù wù].
Sentence formation: 1. Buildings such as buildings and buildings are the subject matter, and the painting is drawn with a straight ruler.
2. The section of the building was reduced to the rough stone lane widening boulevard and Tiananmen Square.
3. Whether carbon fiber materials can be successfully used as materials for the maintenance and reinforcement of brick buildings, durability is the decisive factor.
4. According to the specific situation of the building, the comprehensive method is used to strengthen the foundation, the high-pressure water injection method is used to correct the tilt, and the tilt and settlement monitoring are carried out during the construction period and within one and a half years after completion.
5. He remembers that in 1993, Beijing's urban planning authority issued a decree that in order to protect the historical image of the ancient city, all new buildings near the Forbidden City would have height restrictions.
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Explanation of positioning.
1) [orient] determine the orientation to climb the roof of the hut to locate (2) [locate] determine or indicate the place; Determine the site or boundaries (e.g., by survey) Locate the boundaries of this property (3) [intersect] Determine the location by triangulation Try to locate these twenty or so peaks Explain in detail (1).Determine the name of the thing. "Han Feizi Yang Quan" :
The name of the trial is based on positioning, and the distinction is based on the debate. Southern Dynasty Liang Liu Xian's "Wenxin Carving Dragon: The Original Dao": Looking up at Tuyao, looking down at Hanzhang, high and humble positioning, so the two instruments are born.
Song Zeng Gong "Please Order Chang Er to Raise His Own Subordinate Officials": Your Majesty is long to the road, open the Ming Dynasty, match the heaven and earth, establish the pole, follow the name positioning, and govern the official with Dong Zheng, for thousands of years, the matter of Shengde is also. ” 2).
A certain rule or scope. Southern Dynasty Liang Liu Xian's "Wenxin Carving Dragon: Ming Poems": Poetry has a constant cut, no positioning in thinking, casual and appropriate, and rarely can be round.
Qing Zeng Guofan's "Jiangning Mansion Xue Ji": The system of the first king is also in the norm, everyone is included in the norm, since its weak teeth, it has been established to prevent it, sprinkle and sweep the wo pot has a regular ceremony, the soup and food have a position, and the gentleman has a constant. ” 3).
Measure the position of the material-based fiber with an instrument, etc. It also refers to a location that has been determined after measurement.
The word decomposition definite interpretation 定 ì immovable, unchanging: quota. Pricing.
Law. Conclusion. Regular.
Stereotypes. Definition. Dingdu (?
Finalized. Definite number (Dermado?) (a Prescribed amount; b Refers to the Mandate of Heaven; c Prescribed amount).
Vouch. Stipulate. Identification.
No change: final. Conviction.
Decision. Are you sure. Interpretation of the position of peace The place where the position is located:
Seat. Place. location (a where it is located or occupied; b status).
Situated. Position High grip type low: status.
Posts. Title. Specifically refers to the status of the monarch:
Enthronement. Usurper. The position of each number in a number:
Bit. Hundreds. Measure words, often used for people.
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Explanation of positioning.
1) [orient] determine the orientation to climb the roof of the hut to locate (2) [locate] determine or indicate the place; Determine the site or boundaries (e.g., by survey) Locate the boundaries of this property (3) [intersect] Determine the location by triangulation Try to locate these twenty or so peaks Explain in detail (1).Determine the name of the thing. "Han Feizi Yang Quan" :
The name of the trial is based on positioning, and the distinction is based on the debate. Southern Dynasty Liang Liu Xian's "Wenxin Carving Dragon: The Original Dao": Looking up at Tuyao, looking down at Hanzhang, high and humble positioning, so the two instruments are born.
Song Zeng Gong "Please Order Chang Er to Raise His Own Subordinate Officials": Your Majesty is long to the road, open the Ming Dynasty, match the heaven and earth, establish the pole, follow the name positioning, and govern the official with Dong Zheng, for thousands of years, the matter of Shengde is also. ” 2).
A certain rule or scope. Southern Dynasty Liang Liu Xian's "Wenxin Carving Dragon: Ming Poems": Poetry has a constant cut, no positioning in thinking, casual and appropriate, and rarely can be round.
Qing Zeng Guofan's "Jiangning Mansion Xue Ji": The system of the first king is also in the norm, everyone is included in the norm, since its weak teeth, it has been established to prevent it, sprinkle and sweep the wo pot has a regular ceremony, the soup and food have a position, and the gentleman has a constant. ” 3).
Measure the position of the material-based fiber with an instrument, etc. It also refers to a location that has been determined after measurement.
The word decomposition definite interpretation 定 ì immovable, unchanging: quota. Pricing.
Law. Conclusion. Regular.
Stereotypes. Definition. Dingdu (?
Finalized. Definite number (Dermado?) (a Prescribed amount; b Refers to the Mandate of Heaven; c Prescribed amount).
Vouch. Stipulate. Identification.
No change: final. Conviction.
Decision. Are you sure. Interpretation of the position of peace The place where the position is located:
Seat. Place. location (a where it is located or occupied; b status).
Situated. Position High grip type low: status.
Posts. Title. Specifically refers to the status of the monarch:
Enthronement. Usurper. The position of each number in a number:
Bit. Hundreds. Measure words, often used for people.
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1. Building density: the ratio of the area of various building substrates in the planning plot to the area of the plot.
2. Building floor area ratio: It is an important indicator to reflect and measure the intensity of building land use, which refers to the ratio of the total construction area of the buildings in the plot to the area of the plot, that is: the floor area ratio of the total construction area of the building land.
Among them, the total floor area is the sum of all the floor area above ground. The smaller this ratio, the smaller the total number of buildings accommodated in the community, and the higher the quality of living life.
3. Greening rate: refers to the ratio of the area of green space within the scope of planned construction land to the area of planned construction land.
4. Building spacing: the east-west building spacing is 1:1, the north-south east-east is 1:, and the north-south direction is 1:.
5. Building floor height: floor height refers to the height of the residence measured in "floor" units, and the height of each floor has a requirement in the design, which is called floor height. Specifically, floor height refers to the vertical dimensions between the upper (or lower) surface of the lower floor or slab and the upper (or lower surface) of the adjacent upper floor.
The Harmonized Standard for Residential Building Modules (GBI100-87) stipulates that the floor height of a dwelling adopts the following parameters: meters, meters, meters. Clear height is the net residual value of the floor height minus the thickness of the floor slab.
6. Gross population density: the planned population (per ha) accommodated on each hectare of residential land.
7. Net population density: accommodated per hectare of residential land. Planned population size (person ha).
8. Depth: Architecturally, it refers to the actual length of an independent house or a residential building from the front wall skin to the back wall.
9. Studio: that is, the width of the residence. Refers to the actual distance between one wall skin and the other wall skin in a house, a) because it is also called a bay because of the width of a natural room.
10. Shared area: The common construction area of commercial housing is mainly composed of two parts:
1) The construction area of public buildings and management rooms that are functionally serving the whole building, such as elevator shafts, stairwells, garbage chutes, substation rooms, equipment rooms, public foyers and aisles;
2) 50 of the horizontal projection area of the exterior wall (including gables) between the units and the public building space of the building.
11. Common construction area: Housing refers to the construction area jointly occupied or used by all property owners.
12. Common construction area: The common construction area does not include any basement, carport and other areas rented or sold as independent use space, and the basement as a civil air defense project is not included in the public construction area. The general common floor area is calculated according to the following method:
The area of the whole building is the common construction area of the whole building after deducting the sum of the construction area of each set (unit) of the whole building, and deducting the construction area of the basement, carport and civil air defense works that have been sold or rented as independent use space.
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Positioning is an important concept in different fields. Positioning is a very common concept in geography, marketing, brand management, computer science, aerospace, and more. It has different meanings, but they all have one thing in common:
Determine where something is in an aspect and thus how it relates to other things. Here are some common definitions and explanations of targeting.
1. Positioning in Geography.
Positioning, in geography, refers to determining the location of a place so that it can be labeled and depicted on a map. The positioning methods used in geography mainly include the longitude, latitude, coordinates, and address of the earth. Since the earth is a sphere, the positioning in geography is more complicated, and it is necessary to use different latitude and longitude, coordinate systems and other methods to determine the position of a point on the earth.
Second, the positioning in the company's strategy.
In corporate strategy, positioning refers to determining the company's position in the market, i.e., how the company is positioned. It mainly includes determining the company's target market, target consumers, brand image, etc., so as to find advantages in market competition. The positioning in the company's strategy also includes determining the differentiation and uniqueness of the company's products and services, as well as determining the company's competitive advantage and pricing strategy.
Third, the positioning in the brand management.
Positioning in brand management mainly refers to the strategic management of the brand after brand positioning, repositioning or repositioning. The goal is to determine where the brand sits in the minds of customers and how it differentiates from competitors in order to promote the brand and increase sales. There is a great overlap between positioning in brand management and positioning in corporate strategy, and the difference between them is mainly in the specific object of positioning.
4. Positioning in Computer Science.
In computer science, the meaning of positioning is similar to that of geography, which refers to locating to a specific location in a computer system. This can be done by address, offset, or index. In programming and web development, developers need to develop efficient programs and web pages by being proficient in positioning techniques.
5. Positioning in aerospace.
In aerospace, positioning refers to determining the position and speed of an aircraft for navigation and navigation. Technologies such as GPS, INS, stereotaxic, radar, and solar panels are often used in the aerospace sector for positioning.
To sum up, positioning is a very broad concept that often appears in different disciplines and fields. The meaning and application of positioning are different in different fields. But what can be generalized is that the meaning of positioning is to determine the position of a thing in a certain aspect, and thus determine its relationship with other things.
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