What are the disproportionation reactions and centering reactions

The disproportionation reaction Cl2+H2O=HCO+HCl, and the centering reaction: 2Na2O2+2CO2====2Na2CO3+O2

Disproportionation reactionIn the reaction, if oxidation and reduction occur on an element that is in the same state of oxidation inside the same molecule, one part of the atoms (or ions) of the element is oxidized and the other part is reduced. This is its own redox reaction.

This is called the disproportionation reaction. Disproportionation is a type of chemical reaction in which the valency of an element is formed.

There are both up and down. Reaction with centering.

Relatively. The centering reaction refers to different substances composed of the same elementThat is, redox reactions occur between elemental substances and compounds or between compounds and compounds, the two valencies of the elements are close to the middle but are not allowed to cross, and at most they are the same valency in the middle. The centering reaction is opposite to the disproportionation reaction.

The valence law of the centering reaction.

The redox reaction occurs between the same element in different valence states, and the result is that the two valence states can only be close to each other or reach the same valence state at most, and there will never be a crossover phenomenon of ** state becoming low and low price state becoming high.

Among them, valence state centering means that the valency of the ** state decreases, and the valency of the low-price state increases, but it is impossible for the elements in the low-price state to rise more than the original ** state valency, that is, the different valence reactions of the same element follow the "reliable convergence does not intersect".

Disproportionation reactionIt is a reaction in which the same valence state of the same element both rises and falls. Centering reactionIt refers to the reaction of different valence states of the same element, one of which is increased and one is lowered to the same valence state.

Elements in the same valence state are undergoing redox.

During the reaction, the "valency" takes place.

Divergence in change", some up, some down. The disproportionation reaction occurs only on the elements of the intermediate valence state.

There is a law in the valence state of the elements in the chemical reaction: they only come close, not cross. Therefore, the ** and low price of the element can only move closer to the middle.

Principle. In the tomato reaction, if there are several valences of the elements in one grade, and the intermediate valence cannot be exceeded (greater than or less than) after the conversion of any valence, the electron transfer can be judged according to this principle.

For example, if an element has a valency of 2,0, 1, 2, 5, then the element of 2 valence can only be converted to 0 or 1, the element of 5 valence can only be converted to 2 or 1, the element of 0 valence can only be converted to 1, and the element of 2 valence can only be converted to 1, i.e. .

The 1-valent is an intermediate valence state in this reaction. A price greater than 1 is converted into a price between the price of 1 and the original price, which is expressed as 1 in the interval, the original price). A price less than 1 is converted to a maximum price between the 1 price and the original price, which is expressed as (original price, 1) in the interval. 、

Refer to the above content: Encyclopedia - Disproportionation reaction.

Encyclopedia - Homing reaction.

Disproportionation reactionDefinition:It refers to the redox reaction that occurs between the same element in the same valence state in the molecule of the same substance.

Elements in the same valence state undergo a redox reaction in the process of "turning spring and shouting valence hype".

Divergence in change", some up, some down.

The element in which the disproportionation reaction occurs must have the corresponding ** state and low-valence compounds, and the disproportionation reaction only occurs on the elements in the intermediate valence state. Fluorine (F2) has no disproportionation because of the fluorine element.

The electronegativity is the largest, and there is no positive valence, and there is only a negative valence in the finger field.

Disproportionation Reaction Identification Method:

Autoredox reaction and disproportionation reaction are both redox reactions that occur between the same substancesThe disproportionation reaction is a kind of autoredox reaction, but the autoredox reaction is not necessarily a disproportionation reaction.

Attention needs to be paid to the centering reaction.

Anti-disproportionation) refers to the redox reaction that occurs between the same element in different valence states in a substance. That is, the valence state of the same element is transformed from the ** and low price before the reaction to the intermediate valence state after the reaction, and the valence state change of the element in the chemical reaction has a law: only close, not cross.

Therefore, the ** and low price of the element can only move closer to the middle. The centering reaction and the disproportionation reaction are two 'opposite' processes, both of which must be redox reactions.

The concept of disproportionation reaction: a redox reaction that occurs between the same element in the same valence state within the same molecule of the substance.

The element where the disproportionation reaction occurs must have the corresponding ** state and low valence compounds, and the disproportionation reaction only occurs on the elements in the intermediate valence state, then the disproportionation reaction will follow the law of "intermediate valence ** low price". Elements with multiple valences such as chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus can be disproportionated.

Note that the disproportionation reaction is an autoredox reaction, but the autoredox reaction is not necessarily a disproportionation reaction.

Industrial applications. The application of the disproportionation process can transform one hydrocarbon into two different hydrocarbons, so disproportionation is one of the important methods to regulate the supply and demand of hydrocarbons in industry. The most important applications are toluene disproportionation to increase xylene production and simultaneously produce high-purity benzene, and propylene disproportionation to produce polymeric-grade ethylene and triolefin processes for high-purity butene (mainly cis- and trans-2-butene).

Refer to the above content: Encyclopedia - Disproportionation reaction.

Disproportionation reaction: Atoms of the same element in the same valence state in the same substance, in the reaction, both increase and decrease, and the oxidation also disturbs the original reaction, the centering reaction The atoms of the same element in different valence states, in the reaction, the high valency decreases, and the low valency increases (but the valency changes do not cross each other) redox reaction.

The disproportionation reaction is just the opposite of the centering reaction, and the valency of a slow Lashan element spreads out to both sides, e.g. 2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2 In this reaction, the O in Na2O2 is -1 valence, and it reacts with CO2 to form a redox reaction between Na2CO3 with -2 valence and O2 with 0 valence.

As a result, the two valence states can only be close to each other or at most reach the same valence state, and there will never be a crossover phenomenon of ** state becoming low and low price becoming high.

The valence of the valence state of the return reaction means that the valency of the ** state decreases, and the valency of the low price state increases, but it is impossible that the final rise of the low state is higher than the original ** state valency.

If oxidation and reduction occur on an element in the same oxidizing state inside the same molecule, so that part of the atom (or ion) of the element is oxidized and the other part is reduced, then this own redox reaction is called disproportionation.

The centering reaction refers to the redox reaction of different substances composed of the same element (which can be elemental and compound, or compound and compound), and the valency of the two elements is closer to the middle. The centering reaction is opposite to the disproportionation reaction.

Toluene is disproportionated and silver chained.

Toluene is transferred from one toluene molecule to another toluene molecule under the action of a catalyst (generally using a waxon silicon-aluminum catalyst) to form a benzene molecule and a xylene molecule, which is called disproportionation. One toluene and one trimethylbenzene can also undergo a disproportionation reaction (also known as alkyl transfer) to form two xylene molecules. This method is used industrially to produce benzene and xylene, which are widely used.

Refer to the above content: Encyclopedia - Disproportionation reaction.