Organic chemical substitution reaction, what can take place substitution reaction

is a substitution reaction.

Sodium metal replaces Cl in C3H7Cl, and it can also be said that Cl in C3H7Cl is replaced by metal Na to form C6H14, giving C6H14.

2na + 2c3h7cl = c6h14 + cl2

It belongs to the substitution reaction.

This reaction is a free radical mechanism.

The free radicals involved in the reaction are r·.

One electron of sodium is transferred to a halogen, producing one sodium halide and one alkyl group.

r-x + na → r· +nax

The alkyl group receives one electron from another sodium element and becomes a negatively charged alkyl anion, while sodium forms a cation.

r· +na → rna

Finally, the alkyl anion displaces the halogen in the SN2 reaction, forming a new C-C covalent bond.

rna + r-x → r-r + nax

Free radical substitution, NA first and chlorohydrin to form isopropyl group, and then attack another chloropropane, the mechanism should be similar to photohalogenation.

Theoretically speaking, it is very difficult, if you want to replace the double bond that needs to be protected, you can add it first, and then remove it.

Substitution reactions: A class of chemical reactions.

1. The substitution reaction can occur in the state macro: the reaction of alkanes and halogen elemental gases under light conditions; Benzene and nitric acid in concentrated sulfuric acid.

reactions that occur under the action; reactions of benzene and concentrated sulfuric acid; reactions of benzene and bromine elements in the presence of ferric bromide; There is also esterification.

Hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons is also considered a type of substitution reaction. 2. Substitution reaction (1) Definition: The anti-Li trace spike response in which some atoms or clusters of atoms in an organic molecule are replaced by other atoms or clusters. (2) substances that can undergo substitution reactions: alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons.

Alcohols, phenols, esters, carboxylic acids, halogenated hydrocarbons.

Question 1: What substances can undergo the substitution reaction of alkanes.

Question 2: What substances can undergo substitution reactions and why?

Alkanes and halogen elements: halogen steam, light;

Benzene and benzene homologues with.

Halogen element: Fe as catalyst;

concentrated nitric acid: 50 60 water bath; Concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst.

concentrated sulfuric acid: 70-80 water bath;

Hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons: aqueous solution of NaOH;

Reaction of alcohols with hydrohalic acid: freshly made hydrohalic acid (acidic condition);

Hydrolysis of esters: catalysis by inorganic acids or bases;

The dehydration reaction of phenol with concentrated bromine water (ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid at 140 is in fact a substitution reaction. ）

Note: Substitution reactions occur for all of the above substances.

Question 3: Which organic substances can undergo substitution reaction and which organic matter can undergo substitution reaction Aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, etc. can all undergo substitution reaction.

Question 4: What are the functional groups that can undergo substitution reaction 1. Alkanes can have substitution reactions with halogens.

2. The -h of olefins can be substituted with halogens.

3. Halogenated hydrocarbons can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.

4. Nucleophilic substitution reaction can occur in the alcohol hydroxyl group.

5. Aldehydes and ketones -h can undergo halogenation reaction.

6. The hydroxyl group in the carboxylic acid group can be substituted.

Question 5: Organic matter that can undergo substitution reaction First, substitution reaction can occur: the reaction of alkanes and halogen elemental gases under light conditions;

the reaction of benzene and nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid;

reactions of benzene and concentrated sulfuric acid;

reactions of benzene and bromine elements in the presence of ferric bromide;

There is also esterification.

Hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons is also considered a type of substitution reaction.

2. Substitution reaction.

1) Definition: The reaction in which some atoms or clusters of atoms in an organic molecule are replaced by other atoms or clusters.

2) Substances that can undergo substitution reactions: alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, esters, carboxylic acids, halogenated hydrocarbons.

Question 6: What can a substitution reaction occur? Substitution reactions can occur in hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons, esterification reactions, alcohols and hydrohalic acids, halogen photosubstitution, etc. Replacing the atoms or clusters that react to compose organic matter is replaced by other atoms or clusters, thus creating a new substance.

Substitution reaction refers to the reaction in which any atom or group in the organic compound molecule is replaced by other atoms or groups of the same type in the reagent, which is expressed by the general formula: r l (reaction matrix) + a-b (attack reagent) r a (substitute product) + l-b (leaving group) belongs to a class of chemical reactions.

Alkanes can be used, such as methane and chlorine.

In organic chemistry, oxidation refers to the addition or dehydrogenation of organic matter.

A substitution reaction is a reaction in which an atom or cluster of atoms in an organic matter is replaced by other atoms or clusters.

Ammonia Redox Reaction Definition: An oxidation reaction is a reaction in which oxygen is introduced or hydrogen is removed. Oxidation reaction is not a substitution reaction.

A reaction in which some atoms or clusters of atoms in an organic compound molecule are replaced by other atoms or clusters. For example, methane reacts with chlorine when exposed to light;

In addition, sulfonation, esterification, ester hydrolysis, etc. are also substitution reactions. Substitution reactions and displacement reactions are two completely different types of reactions. The displacement reaction has elemental elements participating in the reaction, which generally involves the gain and loss of electrons, and the reaction product must have an element; The substitution reaction is due to the fact that the atoms in the organic molecule are covalently bonded, and the reaction is only a substitution between the atoms, which does not involve the gain or loss of electrons, and the product must not have elemental elements.

Of course, organic matter is not incapable of displacement reactions, such as:

2C2H5OH 2Na 2C2H5ONA H2 is a displacement reaction.

Substitution reactions: A class of chemical reactions.

Substitution reaction, also known as displacement reaction. It is a reaction between a single substance and a compound to produce another element and another compound, for example: mg+2HCl=mgCl2+H2 (arrow up), where HCl becomes MGCl2, that is, mg replaces H, or mg replaces H!

It refers to the reaction in which the hydrogen atom of an organic substance is replaced by another atom or group of atoms in an organic reaction.