In chemistry, what is disproportionation reaction and centering reaction? What is the understanding

The disproportionation reaction mainly refers to the redox reaction, in which an element (in the elemental and compound) acts as both an oxidant and a reducing agent, and the valency of some increases and some decreases, which occurs on an element of the same compound or element.

The centering reaction refers to the redox reaction of the same element in two compounds, one of which acts as an oxidant and the other acts as a reducing agent, and the valence of the same element rises and falls, so that the valency of the element in the product is an intermediate valence.

In summary, both disproportionation and centering are electron transfers between the same element.

The fact that the heat energy of Geis's law does not change means that the chemical reaction is accompanied by heat transfer, and the heat that needs to be released or absorbed as the chemical bonds are connected or disconnected, and the heat transfer between the heat (there will be heat loss), but the total heat energy is unchanged.

Disproportionation reaction: one valence state of one element, disproportionation into two valence states. cl2+h2o=hcl+hclo

Normalization reaction: two valence states of an element, centering to one valence state. bro3- +5br- +6h+=3br2+3h2o

Gaisce's Law: The same reaction, regardless of the process, changes in energy the same.

Disproportionation reactionIn the reaction, if oxidation and reduction occur on an element that is in the same state of oxidation inside the same molecule, one part of the atoms (or ions) of the element is oxidized and the other part is reduced. This is its own redox reaction.

This is called the disproportionation reaction. Disproportionation is a type of chemical reaction in which the valency of an element is formed.

There are both up and down. Reaction with centering.

Relatively. The centering reaction refers to different substances composed of the same elementThat is, redox reactions occur between elemental substances and compounds or between compounds and compounds, the two valencies of the elements are close to the middle but are not allowed to cross, and at most they are the same valency in the middle. The centering reaction is opposite to the disproportionation reaction.

The valence law of the centering reaction.

The redox reaction occurs between the same element in different valence states, and the result is that the two valence states can only be close to each other or reach the same valence state at most, and there will never be a crossover phenomenon of ** state becoming low and low price state becoming high.

Among them, valence state centering means that the valency of the ** state decreases, and the valency of the low-price state increases, but it is impossible for the elements in the low-price state to rise more than the original ** state valency, that is, the different valence reactions of the same element follow the "reliable convergence does not intersect".

Disproportionation reactionIt is a reaction in which the same valence state of the same element both rises and falls. Centering reactionIt refers to the reaction of different valence states of the same element, one of which is increased and one is lowered to the same valence state.

Elements in the same valence state are undergoing redox.

During the reaction, the "valency" takes place.

Divergence in change", some up, some down. The disproportionation reaction occurs only on the elements of the intermediate valence state.

There is a law in the valence state of the elements in the chemical reaction: they only come close, not cross. Therefore, the ** and low price of the element can only move closer to the middle.

Principle. In the tomato reaction, if there are several valences of the elements in one grade, and the intermediate valence cannot be exceeded (greater than or less than) after the conversion of any valence, the electron transfer can be judged according to this principle.

For example, if an element has a valency of 2,0, 1, 2, 5, then the element of 2 valence can only be converted to 0 or 1, the element of 5 valence can only be converted to 2 or 1, the element of 0 valence can only be converted to 1, and the element of 2 valence can only be converted to 1, i.e. .

The 1-valent is an intermediate valence state in this reaction. A price greater than 1 is converted into a price between the price of 1 and the original price, which is expressed as 1 in the interval, the original price). A price less than 1 is converted to a maximum price between the 1 price and the original price, which is expressed as (original price, 1) in the interval. 、

Refer to the above content: Encyclopedia - Disproportionation reaction.

Encyclopedia - Homing reaction.

In a reaction, if oxidation and reduction occur on an element that is in the same oxidation state inside the same molecule, one part of the atoms (or ions) of the element is oxidized and the other part is reduced. This own redox reaction is called disproportionation.

For example, Cl2+H2O=HCl+HCl

In this reaction, Cl2 is originally 0 valent.

After the reaction, one rises to +1 and the other decreases to -1.

Disproportionation is a type of chemical reaction in which the valency of an element rises and falls. The centering reaction refers to the redox reaction of different compounds of the same element, and the valency of that element is closer to the middle.

The disproportionation reaction is just the opposite of the reaction in the orange stool, where the valency of one element spreads out to both sides, e.g. 2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2

In this reaction, the O in Na2O2 is -1 valence, and it reacts with CO2 to produce Na2CO3 with O at -2 valence and O2 with O at 0 valence

The redox reaction occurs between the same element in different valence states, and the result is that the two valence states can only be close to each other or reach the same valence state at most, and there will never be a crossover phenomenon of ** state becoming low and low price state becoming high. -- The law of centering reaction.

Valence state centering means that the valency of the ** state decreases, and the valency of the low douwu knows that the valency of the valence state increases, but it is impossible that the final rise of the low state is higher than the original ** state valence.

Disproportionation reaction: Atoms of the same element in the same valence state in the same substance, in the reaction, both increase and decrease, and the oxidation also disturbs the original reaction, the centering reaction The atoms of the same element in different valence states, in the reaction, the high valency decreases, and the low valency increases (but the valency changes do not cross each other) redox reaction.

The disproportionation reaction is just the opposite of the centering reaction, and the valency of a slow Lashan element spreads out to both sides, e.g. 2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2 In this reaction, the O in Na2O2 is -1 valence, and it reacts with CO2 to form a redox reaction between Na2CO3 with -2 valence and O2 with 0 valence.

As a result, the two valence states can only be close to each other or at most reach the same valence state, and there will never be a crossover phenomenon of ** state becoming low and low price becoming high.

The valence of the valence state of the return reaction means that the valency of the ** state decreases, and the valency of the low price state increases, but it is impossible that the final rise of the low state is higher than the original ** state valency.

If oxidation and reduction occur on an element in the same oxidizing state inside the same molecule, so that part of the atom (or ion) of the element is oxidized and the other part is reduced, then this own redox reaction is called disproportionation.

The centering reaction refers to the redox reaction of different substances composed of the same element (which can be elemental and compound, or compound and compound), and the valency of the two elements is closer to the middle. The centering reaction is opposite to the disproportionation reaction.

Toluene is disproportionated and silver chained.

Toluene is transferred from one toluene molecule to another toluene molecule under the action of a catalyst (generally using a waxon silicon-aluminum catalyst) to form a benzene molecule and a xylene molecule, which is called disproportionation. One toluene and one trimethylbenzene can also undergo a disproportionation reaction (also known as alkyl transfer) to form two xylene molecules. This method is used industrially to produce benzene and xylene, which are widely used.

Refer to the above content: Encyclopedia - Disproportionation reaction.