Why don t you build asphalt roads in rural areas, but cement roads?

With the acceleration of the construction of new rural areas, basically all rural areas have been unimpeded. I remember when I was a child, when there were no roads in the village, every rainy day, the road in the village became a road"Dirt roads"。When you go out, your shoes and trouser legs will get muddy and watery.

But my friends found a problem, the rural roads only have cement roads and no asphalt roads, why is this?

Here we want to understand two terms in the construction process of asphalt road, one is asphalt and the other is aggregate. Bitumen actually refers to asphalt, while aggregate is a general term for mineral particles in asphalt pavement materials. The aggregate is coarse and fine, and it plays a filling role.

In layman's terms, it is the foundation of asphalt pavement.

When repairing asphalt pavement, it is necessary to reserve drainage outlets or sewers on both sides of the road, although asphalt pavement can bring a better driving texture, that is, high comfort of driving on it. However, due to the particularity of asphalt materials, water immersion in asphalt will lead to a decrease in the adhesion of asphalt, which will lead to a decrease in the strength and durability of the mixture. It can be understood that after the asphalt pavement is infiltrated by water, under the pressure of the vehicle, due to the reduction of strength and strength, there are bulges, cracks and uneven potholes.

So asphalt is actually very"Squeamish"Asphalt for national highways and highways is designed to improve the comfort of vehicles, and the road is regularly maintained and repaired in order to improve the comfort of the vehicle.

Rural roads have poor foundations and require very flat land to build asphalt roads. Rural areas are generally mountain villages, the road potholes are not smooth enough, if you want to repair the asphalt road, you have to invest a lot of money to tidy up the road surface to be constructed, more troublesome, and the investment is also relatively large. As we all know, except for part of the funds provided by the state, the rest of the funds for rural road construction are shared by the peasants themselves, so the issue of funds is also an important aspect.

In contrast, cement road has the advantages of simple construction technology, low construction cost, long service life, etc., these advantages are not possessed by asphalt road, and under rebalancing, cement road is more suitable for rural areas, so the most common rural road is cement road, not asphalt road.

The main thing is that asphalt roads are afraid of blisters, because there are no sewers in rural areas. The asphalt road is more delicate and needs to be cared for, and after the asphalt road is infiltrated by water, it will be prone to bulging, cracks and uneven potholes.

At present, most rural roads still use cement roads in the process of road construction, because cement roads are easier to maintain, and the cost of cement roads in the process of pruning is relatively low.

The main reason is that the construction cost of asphalt roads is much higher than that of cement roads, and there is no need for this in rural areas.

1, the village through the cement road construction project is an important part of the national construction during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, mainly to solve the important natural village road leading to the administrative village or connecting the region, from 2006 to the end of the implementation in 2010, the county has completed more than 700 kilometers, requiring the width of the road surface not less than meters, the width of the roadbed is 5 meters, and the shoulders on both sides are meters. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, from 2011 to the present, funded by the county finance combined with the construction of the new countryside, the county ** implementation of the "village road extension project", the construction standard requires the roadbed to be more than 5 meters wide, the width of the road surface is not less than 18 meters, the thickness is not less than 18 centimeters, the shoulders on both sides need to be hardened and not less than meters, the length is not less than 200 meters, and the general priority is given to the villages where the population is concentrated, and the subsidy standard is 10,000 kilometers. 2. After meeting the above conditions, the village committee shall apply to the people of the township where it is located, and then the township shall report the plan to the county transportation bureau, and the county transportation bureau shall approve the eligible road sections and be included in the annual construction plan after being approved by the county.

According to the actual situation, each township can bundle and bid for sporadic roads within the township.

The saying that "every village leads to a highway". However, the construction of cement roads in rural areas can be partially subsidized by the state, and most of the funds still depend on local finances. According to the slogan of the Ministry of Transport, 200,000 kilometers of roads will be built in rural areas, and a hardening subsidy of 50,000 yuan per kilometer of roads will be subsidized.

In addition, according to the provisions of the "Measures for the Quality Management of Rural Highway Construction", the people at the county level are within their own administrative areas.

It can be opened to traffic after a week.

The advantages of cement road are high strength, good stability, good durability, low maintenance cost and high economic benefits, which is conducive to night driving and conducive to the development of the local building materials industry.

The development of cement roads in China.

In the late 20s of the 20th century, China began to pave concrete pavement on the roads and airfield runways of a few large cities. 1932 In 1933, a concrete pavement test section with a length of 500 meters and a width of 500 meters was paved on the Nanjing-Hangzhou National Highway. In 1940, a concrete pavement 120 kilometers long and 3 meters wide was paved on the Beijing-Tianjin highway.

In 1948, a reinforced concrete pavement with a length of 2,200 meters, a width of 45 meters and a thickness of 30 centimeters was paved on the runway of Nanjing Airport. By the 50s, with the development of the cement industry, large-scale concrete pavement began to be paved on the main roads and airport runways of some large and medium-sized cities in China. Since the beginning of the 70s, concrete pavements have been paved on the main highways in some provinces.

Almost all of China's airport runways are made of concrete. Most of China's concrete pavements are made of plain concrete poured in situ in a single layer, but a few also use prefabricated prefabricated slabs, or made into double-layered ones, or equipped with steel bars.

Cast-in-place concrete is usually naturally cured under normal conditions: 12 hours after the pouring is completed, just sprinkle water once or twice a day! Before the concrete strength reaches C12, it can not be opened to traffic. In layman's terms, it is:

Generally, the maintenance time of rural cement roads is not less than 4 days, and the commonly used five kinds of cement should be no less than 7 days under normal temperature conditions; Items mixed with admixtures or with impermeability and antifreeze requirements should be no less than 14 days.

Our country roads here are basically cement roads.

Village-to-village highway project, referred to as "village-to-village". It is a major measure of the state to build a harmonious society and support the construction of a new countryside, and it is a popular project. Also known as the "five-year 100 billion yuan" project, the project refers to China's efforts to achieve asphalt roads or cement roads in all villages within five years, so as to break the traffic bottleneck of rural economic development and solve the travel problems of 900 million farmers.

The project is mainly funded by the state and provinces, and the local finance (city and county) is matched with part of the funds, and it is absolutely not allowed to be compulsorily apportioned to farmers.

In addition, the highway grade of the village-to-village highway project is generally level 4 or outside. The fourth level is: the branch road that communicates the county, township, village, etc.

Usually can adapt to all kinds of vehicles, the four-level highway can generally adapt to the long-term design life of various vehicles converted into medium-sized trucks, the annual average day and night traffic volume is: two-lane less than 1500 vehicles; Less than 200 cars per lane.

As for why the cement road is not built, there are several possible reasons, such as: the area is relatively remote, the population (traffic volume) is small, the terrain is complex, the route is long, and the road construction funds are difficult to arrive in time.

There is no money, it is difficult to build roads, etc. It is also possible that some people above are unhappy with them.

Rural areas do not build cement roads, should find the township-level people to be responsible for the construction and management of township roads and village roads within the administrative area of the relevant departments.

Rural roads have particularity, should be divided into sections, the general main road, that is, what we call the township road, has not yet reached the village, should belong to the highway bureau to manage, that is, the local ** department to manage.

China's highway law stipulates that the people of townships, ethnic townships and towns are responsible for the construction and maintenance of township roads within their respective administrative areas.

The local people's transportation department at or above the county level may decide to exercise highway administrative duties by the highway administration agency in accordance with the provisions of this law.

Article 8 of the Highway Law of the People's Republic of China is in charge of national highway work.

The local people's transportation department at or above the county level shall be in charge of the highway work within the administrative area; However, the management and supervision responsibilities of the local people's transportation departments at or above the county level for national and provincial highways shall be determined by the people of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

The people of townships, ethnic townships and towns are responsible for the construction and maintenance of township roads within their respective administrative areas.

The local people's transportation department at or above the county level may decide to exercise highway administrative duties by the highway administration agency in accordance with the provisions of this law.

This problem is better in terms of durability or asphalt pavement, which is suitable in terms of longevity and life.

1.Asphalt road: the advantages are good road conditions, low tire wear, low noise, less dust, more comfortable driving, convenient maintenance and fast speed.

The disadvantages are: the asphalt in the asphalt road is easy to age, and the dark color of the road surface is easy to absorb heat, and it produces a certain degree of dissolution. However, with modified asphalt, these problems can be solved to a certain extent.

2.The cement road has high hardness, high pavement strength, good stability and long service life. However, there are many seams, and the car will feel hard when walking on it, and some small defects on the road surface will give people a relatively strong vibration feeling.

The driving noise is large, the dust is greater than the asphalt road, and the construction period of maintenance is long.

With the beginning of rural transformation, the life of many rural areas in our country has been greatly improved, and many roads in rural areas have been built into cement roads, which greatly facilitates the travel of farmers.

Generally, only the roads to the county and city in rural areas are asphalt roads, and rural roads are basically paved with cement roads. In fact, the reason for building cement roads is because of the shortage of funds, and now the cement roads need to bear 30% of the funds by the villagers, although the state now prohibits village cadres from forcibly expropriating, but if the society does not raise these funds, the road repair project will slow down. Keep in mind that the cost of building an asphalt road is twice as high as that of a concrete road.

Who pays for this? So it's not realistic to build asphalt roads.

Moreover, the roads in the village are too narrow, the width of the rural roads is generally between meters, and many places are built according to the terrain, so the width of the cement road in many places cannot even reach 3 meters, so that the engineering vehicles of the asphalt road cannot enter. The conditions simply did not allow the construction of asphalt roads, so only concrete roads could be built, so that they could be carried out on the side roads.

Now every village in the countryside is hardening the road, which is a project in the village for one thing and one discussion, and there is a financial allocation. However, it is far from enough to rely on state financial subsidies to build a road connecting villages, and peasants must voluntarily invest in work and raise funds to build it. Due to the large number of houses built in rural areas in recent years, the economic burden is relatively heavy.

The cost of cement pavement is lower than that of asphalt road, and the construction is simple, so the village will choose cement road with less capital cost.

The construction cost of asphalt roads is almost double that of cement roads, and in order to save construction costs and ensure that every village can have access to hardened roads, it is most cost-effective to choose more economical cement roads. Moreover, from the perspective of later pavement maintenance, cement roads are also cheaper, which can save the later maintenance costs of construction companies. And we all know that the cost of asphalt road is relatively high, so that if the road surface is damaged in the later stage, the cost of maintenance is 4000 yuan square meters, which is higher than the cost of building a new section of road.

However, the cost of the cement road after it is damaged is only 300 yuan, so the cement road will be repaired first.

The service life of asphalt roads is not as long as that of cement roads, and for rural areas, it is not desirable that roads are always renovated. After all, the countryside can be satisfied with the cement road. At the same time, the load-bearing capacity of cement roads is much better than that of asphalt roads, which is suitable for rural areas.

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This is because the rural funds are limited, and the cost of building cement roads is much lower than the cost of asphalt roads, in addition, because the terrain and width of the road surface in the countryside are limited to a certain extent, many rural land geology is relatively loose, is not suitable for asphalt road construction, and its maintenance cost is also higher.

Cement roads are particularly durable, and the hardness is relatively high, and they are not easy to crack.

Hot, not suitable for rural people, they need to be more comfortable, cement roads are easier to use.

The standard width of rural roads is meters, the dirt shoulder is 500 mm on each side, the thickness is 180 mm, and the bottom layer is 12 cm mixture (crushed stone and stone powder are mixed in a certain proportion). Unlike municipal roads, there are 4% graded water stabilized layers with a thickness of 15 cm and 6% graded water stabilized layers with a thickness of 15 cm. The design standard of the mixture at the bottom of the rural road is very low, and the design speed is slow and there are human activities.

The cost of asphalt concrete pavement is very high, I heard that the cost of asphalt pavement is very high in 2000, and the highway design two-way double-width pavement expedited lane is 100 million kilometers, of course, I just heard, I have not read the budget book of municipal roads, only a total reference.

In 2014, I did the old city sewage treatment plant, the design of a sewage lifting tank floor in the comprehensive treatment workshop requires asphalt concrete, thickness of 50 mm, about 4 meters wide, length meters, the construction team requires a fee of 5,000 yuan, it can be seen that the cost of asphalt concrete is very high. The use of asphalt concrete pavement is very costly, unnecessary for rural roads, and is an economic waste. Because the rural road construction standard is low, the general requirement is that the road is on the line, there are many turns, there is no strict easing transition, the traffic is inconvenient at the same time, the transportation is inconvenient, only suitable for the four-wheeled agricultural vehicle to transport materials, the four-wheeled agricultural vehicle transportation speed is slow, the delay time on the way is more, the asphalt concrete material insulation measures are poor, the temperature is reduced quickly, the asphalt concrete temperature that is transported to the working face is often reduced a lot, does not meet the construction requirements, can only be treated as waste.

Even the asphalt concrete mixing building is far away from the rural construction road, often dozens of kilometers, and it is not advisable to use a four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle to transport asphalt concrete clinker, which cannot meet the construction requirements. It is required that the asphalt concrete in the warehouse should be transported to the working face at more than 180 degrees, and below 180 degrees as waste. At the same time, the roller machinery is difficult to operate, the asphalt concrete road is paved and compacted, and the width of rural road construction does not meet the operation requirements of the roller machinery.

Unlike municipal roads, the construction standard is high, the road surface is wide, and there is often a working face of more than 9 meters, and the transportation of materials is fast, and it is easy to ensure that the asphalt material is transported to the working face at a material temperature of more than 180 degrees. There is a complete set of supporting tools such as professional paving machinery and roller machinery. Therefore, only concrete pavement is required for rural road construction.