How are the craters on the moon formed?

The surface of the moon has many craters of various sizes, which we call moon craters, and many moon craters surround craters that are higher than the lunar surface. The largest crater on the lunar surface is the Kravi crater near the south pole of the moon, with a diameter of 230 kilometers, a small one of several tens of centimeters, and more than 3,000 with a diameter of more than 1 kilometer.

A volcanic cone formed by the cooling of magma after a volcanic eruption.

A crater formed by a celestial body, such as a meteoroid, hitting the Moon.

The pressure of the parts is also different depending on the internal structure.

The formation process is described below

It was caused by a meteorite impact on the surface of the moon in the early days. Because there is no thick atmosphere on the surface of the moon, when meteorites fall towards the surface of the early moon, there will be no air deceleration, but will accelerate, so the impact force is very large, provoking fluctuations on the surface of the early moon and forming craters. And because there is no weathering of air and water vapor, it can retain the impact marks for a long time.

How the crater on the moon is formed.

If you look at the surface of the moon with a telescope, you will find that on the surface of the moon, in addition to many mountains and large plains, there are many circles of different sizes, what are these circles? Astronomers tell us that these are the craters on the moon.

In the hemisphere that we can observe, there are as many as 300,000 craters with a diameter of more than 1 kilometer, and some craters can be as large as 300 kilometers in diameter.

How are these craters formed?

Some scientists believe that there was once a violent volcanic eruption on the moon, and after the spewing material solidified, the current crater was formed. Because the moon has very little gravity on the surface, huge craters are formed due to the scale of volcanic eruptions. Some scientists believe that there is no air on the moon, and meteorites can directly hit the surface of the moon, impact the erupted material, and accumulate to become the current craters.

Through their observations, they also found that these craters generally have "radial lines" that stretch several kilometers in all directions. They speculate that this is due to the fact that the material that erupts after the impact of the meteorite has no air resistance, and some of it splashes very far and spills on the surface of the moon.

Therefore, it can be assumed that those larger craters were formed by volcanic eruptions, while those smaller craters were formed as a result of meteorites hitting the moon.

When the moon and the earth were first formed, there were many small celestial bodies around, and these celestial bodies were captured by larger planets over time, and the moon did not have an atmospheric impact than the one on the earth, so there were many circumnavigators, because there are few small celestial bodies near the earth and the moon, so the impact is very rare now.

The craters on the surface of the moon are formed by the ejection of the moon or the impact of meteors and meteors.

1. Jetting:

Soon after the formation of the Moon, the highly hot lava and gas inside the Moon break through the surface layer and eject out, like a volcanic eruption on Earth. They began to be more powerful, and the lava erupted high and far, piling up on the outside of the vent, forming a crater.

2. Meteoroids and meteorite impacts

There are many meteorites in space, and the moon is in a semi-molten state. When a huge meteorite hits the surface of the moon, it splatters rock and soil around it, forming a ring of craters. And because there is no wind and rain on the surface of the moon and violent geological tectonic activity, it forms a crater.

The surface of the moon is covered with large and small circular craters called "moon craters", most of which are surrounded by craters higher than the moon's surface, and even more on the far side of the moon. In the middle of the crater there is a deep crater with towering upright rocks on all sides.

The height of the crater is generally between 7-8 kilometers, the size of the mountain is different, the diameter varies greatly, the diameter of the small crater is less than 10 kilometers, and some are only the size of a football field; The large crater is more than 100 kilometers in diameter.

Features of the Moon:

The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth, probably formed about 4.5 billion years ago, shortly after the formation of the Earth, there are several hypotheses about its origin, and the theory supported by more factual evidence is that it formed from the debris of a huge impact between the Earth and the Mars-sized celestial body "Theia", which gathered in the outer periphery of the Earth to form the "Great Collision Origin Theory".

The front side of the moon is dotted with huge impact craters filled with basalt lava flows ejected from dark volcanoes, forming a vast plain called the "Moon Sea", in fact, there is not a drop of water in the "Moon Sea". Between the outer and lunar seas are bright, ancient plagioclase plateaus and striking impact craters.

It is the brightest object in the sky other than the Sun, and although it appears a very bright white, its surface is actually very dark and the reflectivity is only slightly higher than that of old asphalt. Because the moon is very conspicuous in the sky, coupled with the regular changes in the phases of the moon, it has had a significant impact on human culture since ancient times, such as myths and legends, religious beliefs, philosophical thoughts, calendar compilation, literature and art, and customs and traditions.