The material for iron smelting? What do you need to process into iron?

The main raw materials for ironmaking are: iron ore, coke, limestone and air.

Iron-making process: 1. Iron ore, coke and limestone are distributed into a charge according to a certain proportion, and added to the furnace in batches from the top feed port, and the preheated air is blown into the furnace from the air inlet at the bottom of the furnace belly.

2. Because the hot gas rises from the bottom and the charge falls up and down, they can be fully contacted in the furnace, so that the reaction can be carried out smoothly, and at the same time, the charge can be gradually preheated, so that the heat energy can be fully utilized. In the vicinity of the air inlet, the coke burns with hot air to produce carbon dioxide and releases a large amount of heat.

3. Carbon dioxide gas rises and reacts with hot coke to produce carbon monoxide.

4. The carbon monoxide gas rises, and it comes into contact with the iron ore that is constantly loaded and gradually declining from the top of the furnace. In the middle of the furnace body, most of the iron oxides are reduced to iron by carbon monoxide.

5. In the smelting process, the elements such as manganese, silicon, sulfur and phosphorus mixed in the iron ore will also be reduced from their compounds by carbon or carbon monoxide. A small amount of carbon, manganese, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, etc., is fused into iron at high temperatures to become pig iron. The melting point of pig iron (1100-1200 degrees Celsius) is much lower than that of pure iron (1535 degrees Celsius).

6. In addition to iron oxides, iron ore also contains refractory gangue, and if they are not removed, it will affect the smelting of pig iron. The added limestone is used as a solvent to remove gangue. Because the calcium oxide decomposed by limestone at high temperatures can react with the silica in the gangue to form calcium silicate with a lower melting point, which is separated from the ore.

7. The carbon in the coke and the carbon monoxide generated by carbon combustion will take out the oxygen in the iron ore to obtain iron, and this process is called reduction. Iron ore is smelted into raw iron through a reduction reaction, and the molten iron is released from the taphole.

If you have time, take a look at "How Steel is Made".

Iron is smelted from iron ore into iron, and the source liquid smelting iron is a complex process, iron ore, coke, limestone are added to the blast furnace together, and the ears are placed at high temperatures, and the carbon monoxide generated by the reaction of coke and oxygen is used to reduce the iron from the iron ore. The relevant chemical equation for the reaction is.

c + o2 = dot guess crack burning = CO2

CO2 + C = High Temperature = 2Co

3CO+ FE2O3= High temperature = 2Fe + 3CO2caCO3 = High temperature = CAO+ CO2 CaO+SiO2=High temperature = Casio3

The latter two reactions are used for slag making to remove silica from iron ore.

Iron is a metallic element with atomic number 26 and elemental chemical formula: Fe. Pure iron is white or silvery-white with a metallic luster.

Preparation method: The smelting method is used for the preparation of elemental iron. Hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) are used as raw materials, and coke and cosolvent react in the melting furnace to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) from coke combustion, carbon monoxide (CO) is formed when carbon dioxide is in contact with excess coke, and carbon monoxide reacts with iron oxide in the ore to form metallic iron. CaCO3 is added to generate CaO at high temperatures, removing SiO2 from iron ore and generating Casio3 (slag) [6].

C+O = Ignition = Co (provides heat and Co) Blast furnace ironmaking diagram.

CO + C = High Temperature = 2CO

sio2+cao=casio₃

Steel refining process:

1. Iron ore mining and processing;

2. Coal mining and cokemaking;

3. Blast furnace ironmaking;

Fourth, iron-making into steel;

5. Casting billet;

6. Billet rolled into products;

7. Forged steel.

Iron oxide and limestone are used to refine in blast furnaces.

Most of modern ironmaking uses blast furnace ironmaking, and some adopt direct reduction ironmaking method and electric furnace cavity smelting simple iron method. The details are as follows:

1. Blast furnace ironmaking is to reduce iron ore in the blast furnace, melt and smelt into pig iron, this method is easy to operate, low energy consumption, low cost, and can be produced in large quantities. Pig iron is mostly used as a raw material for steelmaking, except for some of the castings. Due to the increasing shortage of high-quality coke coal suitable for blast furnace smelting, non-blast furnace ironmaking methods that use other energy sources instead of coke have emerged one after another.

2. The direct reduction ironmaking method is to reduce the ore in a solid state with a gas body or a solid reducing agent, and at a lower melting temperature than the ore melting, it is smelted into solid or semi-molten sponge iron, metallized pellets or granular iron containing a small amount of impurity elements, which are used as raw materials for steelmaking;

3. In the electric furnace ironmaking method, the reduction electric furnace without furnace body is mostly used, and the coke with poor strength can be used as the reducing agent. The electric heating of the electric digging and balance furnace ironmaking replaces part of the coke, and low-grade coke can be used, but the power consumption is large, and it can only be used under the conditions of sufficient electricity and low electricity price.

1. The raw materials used in steel refining are scrap iron or iron ore, and scrap iron is obtained from the world, and iron ore comes from Dasheng to tease nature, and the refining methods of different raw materials are also different, but the process that needs to be passed through is basically similar; Repentance.

2. Electric furnace steelmaking, the process is to convert scrap iron or iron ore into molten steel for subsequent processing;

3. Converter steelmaking, this process is to purify the molten steel obtained from electric furnace steelmaking, remove impurities, and obtain relatively pure molten steel;

4. Steelmaking in the refining furnace, the process is to adjust the composition of the molten steel, add other metal or non-metallic elements, and ensure the quality of the steel;

5. The continuous casting machine casts the billet, the molten steel refined through the above process, the billet is obtained after pouring into the casting mold to cool and solidify, and the large-scale production of steel in modern industry generally uses the continuous casting machine, which can continuously pour the molten steel and continuously output the billet, and the steelmaking process has been completed at this time;

6. The obtained billet is rolled, drawn or machined according to its use to obtain various shapes of steel, and the steel at this time is the commonly used steel raw material in the market.