The content of surface physics, the introduction of surface physical chemistry

The book consists of 8 chapters. The chapter mainly introduces the basic concepts and measurement methods of liquid surface tension, solid-liquid interface, wetting and adhesion, solution adsorption and other basic concepts. Chapter 1 describes solid interfaces and adhesion and adsorption of solid surfaces.

Chapter 6 introduces surface electrochemistry and its applications. Chapter 7 briefly describes the applications of surface physical chemistry in a number of fields, including membrane science, surface modification and functional materials, and surfactants. Chapter 8 focuses on some of the test methods used for surface studies.

Each chapter of this book is followed by exercises and answers to some of the exercises for readers' reference. This book can be used as a textbook for undergraduate or graduate students majoring in materials science, chemical engineering and other related majors, and can also be used as a reference for researchers, engineers and technicians in related majors.

(1) The study of solid surfaces is of great practical significance, for example, the corrosion, wear and fracture of metal and alloy materials are directly related to the chemical composition of the surface;

2) the performance of semiconductor devices is significantly affected by surface conditions; The heterogeneous catalytic mechanism, aging and poisoning of materials are all related to surface conditions.

3) The interaction mechanism between the plasma and the surface of the vessel wall in the controlled thermonuclear reactor must take into account the surface characteristics.

Surface physics has been closely integrated with metallurgy, materials science, semiconductor physics, catalysis, vacuum physics and other fields, and the methods and equipment involved in the experimental research of surface physics are more related to a wide range of theoretical and technological achievements, so surface physics is a very comprehensive and increasingly important discipline.

In addition to the use of various experimental methods to study surfaces, theoretical research is also an important aspect of surface physics.

The main purpose is to try to understand the behavior of electrons near the surface, and compare with the experimental results, the most ideal situation is to determine the position of the surface atoms through the calculation of the total energy and the energy minimum, but the main difficulty encountered in the calculation process is that the charge distribution near the surface and the position of the atoms are different from those in vivo, so the potential field is also different from the situation in vivo. Due to the interrelationship between the potential field and the electric charge, complex self-consistent calculations are necessary.

At present, the thin slice model established by the traditional band calculation method or the molecular group model commonly used in quantum chemistry is mostly used. The latter uses a finite number of atoms to simulate a semi-infinite crystal, and the total energy of the group can be calculated relatively easily by using this method, and the total energy of the group composed of atoms with different geometric configurations can be calculated from the configuration corresponding to the minimum value of the total energy, and the relevant physical properties can be given, such as the adsorption position of the atoms on the surface, the bond length, etc. In the thin slice model, the tight binding method, the pseudopotential method, and the linear combination of the plane wave (LAPW) can be used.

In recent years, there has been a trend towards the development of a way to find total energy through self-consistent calculations. By comparing the photoelectron emission spectrum with the electronic structure calculated according to a certain model, it is a possible way to confirm the surface structure. For metals, the calculation of the work function can be used to test the accuracy of the self-consistent surface potential.

The results of surface energy calculations depend on how electron-to-electron interactions are accounted for, which are still being studied in depth.

With the development of large-scale integrated circuits, especially the increase of integration, the role of the surface is also greater, so surface physics is a discipline with a strong application background and has been widely valued.