What are the raw materials for the production of ethanol, and what are the raw materials for making

For quite some time, it was used to produce ethanol.

The raw materials are mainly sugarcane, sugar beet, and sweet sorghum.

and other sugar crops and cassava.

Starch crops such as potatoes and corn are now found as a cheap raw material, which is cellulose.

Fiber is also a carbohydrate.

And in abundance in nature, many green plants and their by-products, such as twigs and leaves, straw chaff husks, and so on. Almost half of them are cellulose, and using them as raw materials can be said to be inexhaustible. Of course, use cellulose as a raw material for yeast.

It will be extremely difficult, that is, it will be difficult to exert its fermentation skills. However, there is a way, people have long found from the study that cattle, sheep and other livestock can absorb cellulose, coccus, bacilli, slime mold and some fungi and actinomycetes in microorganisms will secrete an enzyme that can catalyze the breakdown of cellulose, called cellulase. This cellulase enzyme first breaks down cellulose into individual glucose.

molecules, and the yeast is then able to ferment glucose into ethanol. What's even more amazing is that there is a microorganism called Clostridium thermophilus, which can "eat" cellulose and "pull" ethanol at the same time, which is even simpler. In Japan and Korea, Trichoderma and yeast have worked together to produce ethanol from cellulose.

The use of cellulose as a raw material to produce ethanol has paved the way for ethanol to ascend to the throne of new energy. Since these raw materials are derived from green plants, some people call ethanol green gasoline.

Industrial production of ethanol.

It is mainly fermentation, and the main raw material is corn syrup. Since the production of ethanol consumes a large amount of food, the use of food-intensive raw materials such as cellulose is also being developed.

Plants, ethanol for the production of fuels.

The general industry is ethylene hydration, acetylene hydration, etc.!

There are many ways to prepare ethylene glycol, and the raw materials are: chloroethanol, ethylene oxide, ethylene, dimethyl oxalate.

DAO ester, CO, formaldehyde.

It is described below. 1.Chloroethanol method.

Chloroethanol is used as raw material to hydrolyze in alkaline medium, and the reaction is carried out at 100 °C.

2.Ethylene oxide hydration.

Ethylene oxide hydration has direct hydration and catalytic hydration, and the hydration process can be carried out under atmospheric pressure or under pressure. The atmospheric pressure hydration method generally uses a small amount of inorganic acid as a catalyst.

direct hydration;

Catalytic hydration;

Pressurized hydration ;

3.At present, there is a gas phase catalytic hydration method with silver oxide as the catalyst and alumina as the carrier, which reacts at 150 240 to generate ethylene glycol.

4.Ethylene direct hydration method Ethylene is oxidized in acetic acid solution in the presence of catalysts (such as antimony teo2 oxide, palladium catalyst) to form monoacetate or diacetate, and further hydrolysis yields ethylene glycol.

5.Ethylene oxide undergoes a hydration reaction with water under the action of a sulfuric acid catalyst.

6 Dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation to ethylene glycol.

7. Gas method, using CO as raw material, catalytic coupling plus H.

8 Formaldehyde method.

1 Fermentation method.

The fermentation method of ethanol was developed on the basis of winemaking, and for a long period of time, it was the only industrial method for producing ethanol. The raw materials of the fermentation method can be starchy agricultural products, such as cereals, potatoes or wild plant fruits; Waste molasses from sugar mills can also be used; Or use cellulose-containing wood chips, plant stalks, etc. After a certain pretreatment, these substances can be hydrolyzed (using waste honey as raw material through this step) and fermentation to obtain ethanol.

The mass fraction in the fermentation broth is about 6% to 10%, and contains some other organic impurities, and 95% industrial ethanol can be obtained by rectification.

2 Ethylene hydration method.

The direct hydration of ethylene is heating.

Under pressure and in the presence of a catalyst, ethylene reacts directly with water to produce ethanol

ch2═ch2

h─oh→c2h5oh

The reaction is carried out in two steps, the first step is to form an organic mercury compound with mercury salts such as mercury acetate in a water-tetrahydrofuran solution, which is then reduced with sodium borohydride).

The raw material in this method, ethylene, can be taken from petroleum cracking gas in large quantities, with low cost and large output, which can save a lot of food, so it develops rapidly.

There are three types of feedstocks used to make fuel ethanol:

1. Corn, wheat and other food crops;

2. Non-food crops such as sweet potato, cassava, sweet sorghum, etc.;

3. Wastes contained in crop straw, forestry processing waste, bagasse and municipal waste.

The main raw materials of fuel ethanol are Yajin sweet sorghum, corn, cassava, seaweed, Yajin sweet taro, bitter paiba tree, etc.

Both starchy and fibrous raw materials can be used, and the common ones are 1 generation: wheat and corn. Generations: cassava, sweet potato, sugar cane, sugar beets, sweet sorghum. Generation 2: straw, energy grass, forestry waste, horticultural waste, kitchen waste.

The cost of producing ethanol that can be used as a concentration of engine fuel depends on the actual situation, and the raw materials for the preparation of ethanol are:

Starch, ethylene, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, glucoamylase, derivative products are ethanol hydrochloride, selenium disulfide, ethylene oxide, p-diethylene, biphenyl, 6-methoxy-2-acetylnaphthalene, pentylcyanophenyl, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, sodium ethoxide, ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol (anhydrous), raspberry ketone, etc.

Among them, the raw materials of the fermentation method can be starch-containing agricultural products, such as cereals, potatoes or wild plant fruits; Waste molasses from sugar mills can also be used; Or use cellulose-containing wood chips, plant stalks, etc. After a certain pretreatment, these substances are hydrolyzed and fermented, that is, they can be rented to produce ethanol.