Urban rail transit has little environmental pollution

All countries in the world are studying and solving the traffic problems of large cities, and the common characteristics of their research and solution are to focus on the principles of fast speed, accurate time, long distance, large transportation capacity, high quality, low cost, and less pollution to the urban environment.

Traffic is divided into old traffic and post-industrial revolution traffic. Then the old traffic basically does not produce pollution, such as rickshaws and other self-made vehicles, horse-drawn carriages and other animal-drawn vehicles; New modes of transportation are generally polluting, and some even bear the brunt of pollution, such as road vehicles such as automobiles, rail vehicles such as trains, surface vehicles such as motor vessels, and aerial vehicles such as airplanes and space shuttles.

Due to the use of electric traction, urban rail transit does not produce exhaust gas pollution compared with public trams and automobiles.

1.Urban Rail Transit in the Generation Period The generation period here mainly includes the generation and early stage of the development of urban rail transit in terms of time span. About 200 years ago, human society began the process of urbanization, and the explosion of urban transportation led to the emergence of urban rail transit.

1.1 The life of urban rail transit.

2.Urban Rail Transit in the Growth Period 21 The development of urban rail transit Since the industrial revolution, urban planning has put urban transportation in an extremely important position, and the focus of urban transportation has gradually shifted from the external traffic of the city to the internal transportation of the city, especially the rail transit,..

How to avoid subsidence in subway constructionAt present, China's urban rail transit construction has entered a period of rapid development. However, at the same time, many cities in China have been harmed by subsidence to varying degrees, seriously threatening the safety of people's lives and causing huge economic losses. In this regard, how to avoid subsidence in the construction of the subway has become a serious issue in front of us.

There are many reasons for the subsidence problem: first, there is no shrewd survey of complex geology before construction; second, the lack of safety supervision and management; the third is the lack of construction technical personnel and the lack of training for new employees; Fourth, driven by interests, the construction party rushed to the construction deadline and completed it in a hurry; Fifth, there is a lack of relevant laws and regulations on safety production accidents. In view of the above problems, China's leading departments have taken positive measures to implement them from the following aspects, and believe that the problem of subsidence will be properly solved.

1. Improve and improve the relevant laws and regulations on production safety accidents. By using laws and regulations to stipulate a series of safety issues brought about by subway construction, the safety production of subway construction is regulated. 2. Strengthen the supervision of construction sites.

Through the establishment of the safety supervision department, a full-time safety production management personnel organization has been established to be responsible for the safety inspection and supervision of the construction site. 3. Establish a geological disaster prevention and control team. Experts will check the safety production and geological disasters, and in-depth monitoring of each project under construction will reduce accidents during the construction process.

Fourth, in the construction of the subway to implement the scientific concept of development, the development of scientific and reasonable construction procedures and scheme planning and design, to ensure the safety and reliability of the project. 5. Adapt measures to local conditions, strive to explore typical general construction methods suitable for local landforms, and conduct reasonable deep burial research and construction method research on subway lines. 6. Establish an evaluation and testing system for houses and viaducts along the subway construction line.

Inspect the construction along the line, identify it before construction, and respond to hidden dangers in time once it is found during construction. 7. Increase the research and development of construction method technology. ** It is necessary to organize technical personnel to carry out research and development, and at the same time increase financial investment to further improve the application of various construction methods and technologies.

8. Strengthen the technical training of construction personnel and improve their technical level. Relevant departments should strengthen the construction technology training for new employees to ensure safe production in subway construction. 9. Establish a labor safety system.

In subway construction, appoint or designate a person in charge of labor safety and health to supervise and guide the safety work of subway construction. 10. Increase the financial expenditure of the state and the city to ensure that the funds used for the construction of the subway are sufficient. Raise funds through various activities such as issuing welfare lotteries to speed up the scientific construction of the subway.

Ten. 1. Conduct careful and meticulous research before the construction of the subway, and solicit the opinions of experts in the fields of design and construction engineering, crisis management, and environmental protection in terms of site selection and location. Solving the people's worries is the foundation of consolidating the country, and solving the fundamental interests of the people who are most concerned and most direct is of great significance to building a harmonious socialist society. We believe that China's leading departments at all levels are pragmatic and forge ahead, not afraid of dangers and obstacles, and take practical and effective measures to avoid the problem of subsidence in the process of subway construction and promote the steady and rapid development of subway construction.

1. Noise pollution, such as the noise generated by construction, can be reduced through sound and noise reduction measures;

2. Water pollution, such as sewage generated by construction or damage to water pipes or groundwater due to accidents during construction, sewage discharge measures can be taken immediately to reduce pollution;

3. Air pollution, such as dust generated during construction, can be reduced through dust prevention measures;

4. Solid waste pollution, such as solid waste generated during construction, should be sent to the landfill or other treatment sites for treatment in time.

1. Noise pollution, the operation of underground construction machinery will produce noise, causing pollution to the surrounding sound environment, solutions: choose low-noise equipment, prohibit construction at night; 2. Groundwater environmental pollution, waste oil and waste chemicals falling on the ground during the construction process will seep into the surface and damage the groundwater environment. 3. Atmospheric environment: There will be earthwork transfer during the subway excavation construction process, and there will be air pollution in the process, and measures should be taken

Automobile transportation should be tightly covered, and it is not easy to be too large after the opening process, so as to avoid sudden large-scale pollution to the surrounding environment; 4. Solid waste, in the course of the subway project, waste earth and stone, waste construction materials and garbage generated by construction personnel are the main components of solid waste, it is recommended that the sanitation department clean up regularly, including the existence of hazardous waste, at this time it is recommended to store at a fixed point, and then there are environmental protection companies to pull away and dispose of; 5. It is possible to damage the water pipeline and cause surface water pollution.

There is dust and mechanical noise during construction work.

With its distinctive characteristics, urban rail transit occupies an unshakable leading position in urban public transportation. Its characteristics include: 1) the use of train marshalling operation, large capacity; 2) Good line conditions and control system, fast speed; 3) Electric traction, less pollution, good environmental protection; 4) Underground and elevated laying methods can be adopted, covering a small area; 5) Fully isolated right-of-way mode, strong safety and reliability; 6) Good environmental control system and waiting environment, good ride comfort; 7) There are also disadvantages such as large construction investment, road network structure is not easy to adjust, high operating costs, and high technical requirements.

It is reflected in the architectural environment of the station, and the station logo integrates the region, history and culture, folk customs, etc., as well as the civilized riding behavior of passengers, which is the embodiment of humanistic quality.

This major is generally to work as a train conductor, station attendant, station attendant, station attendant, train dispatcher, duty director and other positions.

This major integrates modern management disciplines with urban rail transit driving and passenger transportation, and the curriculum reflects the teaching concept of combining theory and practice, focusing on improving students' awareness of management innovation.

This major will give full play to the advantages of school-enterprise cooperation, complement each other's resources, and strengthen students' ability to connect theory with practice and analyze and solve problems through industry-university cooperation.

Master the knowledge of urban rail transit driving organization, passenger transport organization, urban rail transit planning, etc., and provide senior organization and management talents for the field of urban rail transit transportation and operation in China.

Urban rail transit refers to the rail transit mode as the main technical feature, is the urban public passenger transport system with a medium or above volume of wheel-rail transportation system (different from road traffic), mainly for the city (different from the intercity railway, suburbs and metropolitan areas) public passenger transport services, is a modern three-dimensional transportation system that plays a backbone role in urban public passenger transportation.

As an important part of the urban public transport system, urban rail transit is defined as "a general term for high-speed and large-volume public transport that is usually powered by electric energy and adopts the wheel-rail operation mode" in the Chinese national standard "Common Terms and Terminology for Urban Public Transport". At present, there are many types of international rail transit, such as subway, light rail, suburban railway, tram and suspension train, which is known as the "main artery of urban transportation". Compared with other public transportation, urban rail transit has the following characteristics:

The transportation capacity of the rail line is nearly 10 times that of the highway transportation capacity. Saves energy by consuming less energy per unit of transport; The use of electric traction, less pollution to the environment.

With the rapid development of China's economy, the problem of environmental pollution in China has attracted more and more attention.

According to the United Nations, six of the world's ten most polluted cities are in China. China's Ministry of Water Resources has evaluated the water quality of more than 700 rivers in the country for about 100,000 kilometers, pointing out that the existing river chiefs are polluted, the river chiefs are seriously polluted (more than five categories), more than 90% of urban waters are seriously polluted, and more than 300 million Chinese drinking water does not meet sanitary standards.

A report released last year by the World Health Organization said that about 74 percent of Chinese live in areas with poor air quality. The air quality in these areas is not up to par, either under international treaties or by the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.

(1) The main table of environmental pollution from China.

The source is now: water pollution, air pollution is aggravated, solid waste emissions are excessive, garbage Zhi surrounds the city, and the ring.

DAO pollution spreads to rural areas.

2) Environmental damage is mainly manifested in soil erosion, soil desertification, grassland degradation, sharp decline of forest resources, accelerated extinction of biological species, and increasing scarcity of water resources.

Smog PM 2.5 says pollution, ozone layer holes, and so on.

Indoor air, outdoor air, water resources, etc.

Water, air, and solid waste are three categories.

In terms of hardware, the concept of prevention is highlighted. For example, flame-retardant materials are used in the carriage, and cables and wires are also flame-retardant. If it burns, it can make it smoke, but it can't catch fire.

The station section project adopts reinforced concrete structure, which is a first-class fire-resistant building.

The geographical location of urban rail transit is special. The subways are built below ground level and only extend to the ground level at the terminus at both ends, while the light rail is above ground level, but most of them are elevated and above ground level. There is a clear difference between the two modes of transport and other modes of transport in terms of geographical location.

It is precisely because of this characteristic that the urban rail transit system is often an independent closed system, which can only be connected to other modes of transportation at the station.

1. Single factor influence analysis copy

1) Analysis of personnel influencing factors.

1.The importance of people in ensuring the safety of operations. In the case of security, the main aspect of the contradiction is recognized, because even highly automated systems cannot avoid human intervention and cannot be completely free from human manipulation and control.

Kuhlmann, a German security expert, believes that man is a safety factor and a protection object, a machine is a safety factor, and the environment is a safety factor and a wealth that should be protected. In human-machine-environment systems, only humans challenge safety issues, and a person with sufficient skills and equipment can detect and correct system failures and restore them to a normal state. Unfortunately, the vast majority of accidents occur related to unsafe human behavior.

Traffic operational safety is associated with many activities, all of which rely on efficient, safe, and reliable human behavior. The special role of people in operational safety can be summarized into the following three points: (1) human dominance; (2) human subjective initiative; (3) Human creativity.

What are the characteristics of the subway safety operation management model.

1. Advantages:

Urban rail transit has a comparison.

Large transport capacity.

Urban rail transit has high punctuality.

Urban rail transit has high speed accessibility.

Urban rail transit has a high level of comfort.

Urban rail transit has a high level of safety.

Urban rail transit makes full use of underground and above-ground space.

The operating cost of the urban rail transit system is low.

Urban rail transit has low pollution to the environment.

2. Disadvantages: 1The construction cost is large.

2.The construction period is long.

3.Once built, it cannot be changed.

Advantages: large application volume, low environmental pollution, energy saving, comfort and safety, and high degree of automation. Disadvantages: The construction cost is large, the cycle is long, and it cannot be changed once it is completed.

Cons: 1Large capital occupation: multiple channels of financing are required.

2.The rush and inadequacy of our urban planning leads to duplication of investment or waste3The quality of the equipment: too many people make profits from it, and it is difficult to guarantee 4At present, the overload of urban rail transit in China is related to design and congenital insufficiency.