What is Orbital Planning? Principles of urban rail transit planning and design

Railway rails Anshan Iron and Steel Group Company.

Anshan Iron and Steel New Rolling Steel Co., Ltd. **** large-scale plant began to be put into operation in 1953, is the main manufacturer of heavy rail and large steel in China, accounting for 30-40% of the country's total output, with a cumulative production of 18.19 million tons of rail. At present, the level of the main equipment has reached the domestic leading and international contemporary level. The annual production capacity of rails is more than 500,000 tons, and it has the technological conditions to produce 50-meter-long rails.

Its leading product, 60kg m rail, won the Golden Cup Award and passed the ISO9002 quality system certification. The specifications of the rails are: 43kg m, 50kg m, 60kg m, 200 km high-speed railway rails, UIC 60kg m and 50N Japanese standard rails, as well as 50AT and 60AT turnout rails.

Rail steel has U71Mn, PD A, 800N, etc. The annual export volume of steel rails is 40,000 tons, which are exported to Taiwan, Thailand, Iran, Botswana, Pakistan and other regions and countries, accounting for 8% of the total output.

The steel quality is pure, the steelmaking adopts refining and vacuum degassing measures, and the scale and sulfur content are low. The chemical composition is uniform, and the chemical composition of the converter smelting is stable and uniform after being treated by LF furnace and VD, and the deviation is small; High dimensional accuracy, can reach the UIC standard level, can meet the requirements of EN standards in the future, and has a high degree of automatic detection; The rail surface detection is carried out by eddy current flaw detection, and the intrinsic quality inspection is carried out by ultrasonic flaw detection, and the rail straightness can be automatically detected; The product is clearly marked, the rail can be printed in the hot state, and the handwriting is clear and reliable; The length of the rail sizing is flexible, the billet adopts the continuous casting and rolling process, the processing adopts the longitudinal arrangement, the processing machine adopts the laser sizing, and the sizing can be selected in a large range; In addition to the above characteristics, Angang rail also has the characteristics of wear and pressure resistance, fatigue resistance and good welding performance, which belongs to the world's advanced rail list.

The planning of urban rail transit is the link road traffic pressure.

The implementation of the "bus priority" policy and the development of three-dimensional rapid rail transit are the main ways to solve the deteriorating urban traffic. Traffic problems caused by urbanization: traffic congestion.

Traffic accidents. Energy issues. Environmental issues.

Land consumption. Urban aesthetics. Advantages of rail transit:

Large volume. It's fast. Low (absolute) energy consumption.

Low pollution. Strong reliability (safety and punctuality). Comfort.

relative) small footprint.

The details are as follows: 1. First of all, rail transit should not only serve the current stage of urban development, but also focus on the future development.

2. Secondly, the selection of rail transit corridors should be in the areas with the largest passenger flow demand and the widest range of services, and relevant research and analysis need to be carried out, rather than drawing a line at random;

3. Thirdly, rail transit construction is a huge investment project, it is impossible to complete all parts at one time, we should formulate a scientific and reasonable plan to guide the construction, serve the passenger flow and guide the development of both consideration, rather than blind investment and construction.

Legal basis

Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 3: Cities and towns shall formulate urban and town plans in accordance with this Law. Construction activities within the urban and town planning areas shall comply with the planning requirements. Local people at or above the county level shall determine the areas where township and village plans should be formulated in accordance with the level of local rural economic and social development and in accordance with the principles of adapting measures to local conditions and being practicable.

Townships and villages within the designated area shall formulate plans in accordance with this Law, and the construction of townships and villages within the planning area shall comply with the planning requirements. Local people at or above the county level are encouraged and guided to formulate and implement township and village plans in areas other than those provided for in the preceding paragraph. Article 4 The formulation and implementation of urban and rural planning shall follow the principles of overall urban and rural planning, rational distribution, land conservation, intensive development and planning before construction, improve the ecological environment, promote the conservation and comprehensive utilization of resources and energy, protect cultivated land and other natural resources and historical and cultural heritage, maintain local characteristics, ethnic characteristics and traditional features, prevent pollution and other public hazards, and meet the needs of regional population development, national defense construction, disaster prevention and mitigation, public health and public safety.

Construction activities carried out in the planned macro infiltration area shall comply with the provisions of laws and regulations on land management, natural resources and environmental protection. Local people at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the actual conditions of local economic and social development, reasonably determine the scale, steps and construction standards of the development of cities and towns in the overall urban and town plans.

Legal Analysis: (1) Security is the first principle; (2) the principle of facilitating accident rescue; (3) the principle of barrier-free facilities; (4) the principle of combining the needs of combat readiness; (5) The principle of connecting with other urban public transports.

Legal basis: "Regulations on the Operation and Management of Urban Rail Transit" Article 5 The competent department of urban rail transit operation shall comprehensively consider the connection with urban planning, urban rail transit passenger flow demand, operation safety guarantee and other factors, and put forward opinions on the layout and scale of the line network, transfer hub planning, construction timing, resource sharing, construction of the integrated emergency command system of the line network, line function positioning, line standard, system scale, traffic connection, etc.

The competent department of urban rail transit operation shall put forward opinions on passenger flow, system design and transportation capacity, driving organization, operation management, operation services, operation safety, etc. at the stage of compiling and approving the feasibility study report and preliminary design documents of urban rail transit projects.

Urban rail transit is a vehicle transportation system that adopts the track structure for load-bearing and guidance, and sets up fully enclosed or partially enclosed special track lines according to the requirements of the overall urban transportation plan, and transports a considerable number of passengers in the form of trains or bicycles. Classification Standards for Urban Public Transport

It also clarifies that urban rail transit includes: subway system, light regret and laughter section rail system, monorail system, tram, and maglev.

system, automatic guided rail system, urban rapid rail system. In addition, a number of other new transportation systems have emerged as the transportation system has developed. Extended InformationIn China, many types of urban rail transit do not have absolutely clear normative definitions.

The names of "subway" and "light rail" themselves are not rigorous, because "subway" does not specifically refer to underground railways, and "light rail" does not specifically refer to light rails, and there has been great disagreement and controversy between the two concepts in the civil and academic circles. From the perspective of the completed urban rail transit, the subway system in Chinese mainland has relatively unified technical specifications, data specifications, completion effects, etc., and can be applied in many cities to form a relatively complete Biyu standard system. But it is not limited to a certain type of railway system, such as the Guangzhou Metro.

Including APM system, Chongqing rail transit.

Two monorail systems are covered.

Urban rail transit has a large transportation capacity, urban rail transit has a high punctuality, urban rail transit has a high speed, urban rail transit has a high comfort, urban rail transit has a higher safety, urban rail transit can make full use of underground and above-ground space, urban rail transit system operating costs are low, urban rail transit has low pollution to the environment.

Urban rail traffic is the backbone of urban public transportation, with energy saving, land saving, large capacity, all-weather, pollution-free (or less pollution) and safety and other characteristics, is a green environmental protection transportation system, especially suitable for large and medium-sized cities.

Subway system. The subway is a large-capacity rail transportation system, using steel wheel rail system, the standard gauge is 1435mm, mainly in the underground space of large cities to build tunnels, when conditions permit, can also penetrate the ground, on the ground or on the viaduct run.

According to the different models selected, it can be divided into conventional subway and small section subway, and according to the different passenger scale of the line, it can be divided into high-volume subway and large-volume subway. The basic models of subway vehicles are A-type cars, B-type cars and LB cars (linear motors), and the basic width of A-type cars is 3000mm; The width of the Type B and LB vehicles is 2800mm.

Each model has a distinction between a driver's cab and a driver's cab, a bullet train and a towing bridge car. The train formation of the subway system is usually composed of 4 8 cars, the length of the train is 70 190m, the line is required to have a long platform to match, and the maximum speed should not be less than 80km h.

Explanation of terms. Urban rail is the abbreviation of intercity rail transit and urban rail transit, which is a modern emerging word. Urban rail is mainly distributed within the city and between neighboring cities, and belongs to the rail transit transportation system.

The main form. The main forms of urban rail are high-speed railway, ordinary railway, underground railway, etc., among which the high-speed railway is represented by the Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway, Shanghai-Nanjing intercity railway, and the underground Paihong railway is represented by the Guangzhou-Foshan subway, which refers to the subway system from Guangzhou to Foshan.

Urban rail is the abbreviation of intercity rail transit and urban rail transit, and it is a modern emerging word. Urban rail is mainly distributed in the urban rubber cavity and between the neighboring cities, which belongs to the rail transit transportation system.

First of all, rail transit should not only be buried in the current stage of Changli's urban development, but also focus on the future development, rail transit planning can be the development direction of the city before the expansion of the city, to guide the construction of the city Secondly, the selection of rail transit corridors should be in the area with the largest demand for passenger flow and the widest range of services, and relevant research and analysis need to be carried out, rather than drawing a line at will.

Summary. The main reason for the planning of urban rail transit is that only after planning can the traffic congestion be alleviated, and at the same time, it can also build a beautiful city and improve the local economic income, so it is necessary to plan rail transit.

The main reason for destroying the planning of urban rail transit is that only after planning can the traffic congestion be alleviated, and at the same time, it can also build a beautiful spring city, and can also improve the local economic income, so it is necessary to carry out the planning of rail transit.

In addition, when planning, it must be in line with the development of the city, and when planning, it must be planned according to economic income, only in this way can it be convenient for people to travel, and at the same time, it can also improve the attractiveness of a city.

Dear, for you to inquire: the reason for the planning of urban rail transit: rail transit should not only serve the current stage of urban development, but also focus on the future development, rail transit planning can be the development direction of the city before the expansion of the city, and guide the construction of the city.

The selection of rail transit corridors should be in the most demanding and wide-ranging service areas in the passenger flow caves, and relevant research and analysis are required, rather than drawing a line at random. Rail transit construction is a huge investment project, it is impossible to complete all parts at one time, we should formulate a scientific and reasonable plan to guide the construction, serve the passenger flow and guide the development of both consideration, rather than blind investment and construction.