What is the difference between the two concepts of genome and chromosome, I am from high school

The chromosome set is a group of non-homologous chromosomes in a cell, which are morphologically and functionally distinct, and carry all the genetic information that controls the growth and development of organisms.

The genome is the overall composition of all genes in a species.

In teaching, students often confuse these two concepts with each other, especially when confronted with specific problems.

For example: 1. A human chromosome set (2n=46) contains 23 chromosomes;

The Human Genome Project requires the determination of gene sequences on 24 chromosomes.

2. One chromosome set of pea (2n=14) contains 7 chromosomes;

The Pea Genome Project involves measuring the genetic sequences on seven chromosomes.

Students can basically grasp the first question above, but the second question has a high probability of making mistakes, and it is easy to answer 8 questions incorrectly. After analysis, I found that the problem was with sex chromosomes X and Y. I guide students to combine the concepts of chromosome and genome to further analyze the relationship between human X and Y chromosomes and chromosomes and genomes, X and Y are a pair of homologous chromosomes, so a chromosome set can only contain one of XY, and the genes on X and Y chromosomes are different, so XY in the genome must be included.

Then let the students analyze the XY chromosome of the pea, and the student suddenly realized that the pea is the XY chromosome from the monoecious plant, and the second problem in the smile was solved.

There are many similar concepts in biology, and the use of contrastive teaching in teaching will make students' grasp of the concepts more accurate and solid.

My class mode:

Biology: human, fruit fly, rice.

Karyotype 44+xy 6+xy 24

Chromosome group 23 4 12

Human Genome Project 24 5 12

By comparing these three concepts, it is clear to students that they can discern the difference between the three concepts.

To put it simply: the genome is a group of non-homologous chromosomes in a cell, which are morphologically and functionally distinct, and carry all the genetic information that controls the growth and development of organisms.

The genome is the overall composition of all genes in a species.

Question 1: Is there any essential difference between the genome and the chromosome This is a biological problem, for example, a person has 46 chromosomes, and the chromosome group has 23, while the genome has 24 chromosomes, and 24 is an autosomal 22 plus XY two staining questions.

Question 2: What is the difference between genome and chromosomes?

Question 3: Relationship between genome and chromosome genome The genome is the entire DNA molecule or RNA molecule contained in the haploid nucleus, organelle, or virion. The chromosome group refers to the sum of chromosomes or genes contained in a gamete.

The human chromosome set is 23. Humans have only one genome, containing 22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, with about 5-100,000 genes.

Question 4: What is the difference between genome and chromosome? The genome consists of 24 chromosomes (22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, and only 24 chromosomes complete to contain all human genes).

The chromosome set consists of 23 chromosomes, which are the number of chromosomes in a gamete.

Question 5: The difference between genome and chromosome set The genome is the entire DNA molecule or RNA molecule contained in the haploid nucleus, organelle, or virion.

The chromosome group refers to the sum of chromosomes or genes contained in a gamete.

The human chromosome set is 23.

Humans have only one genome, containing 22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, with about 5-100,000 genes.

Question 6: Genome Chromosome Karyotype Human, genome, 22 autosomes, plus x female or xy male.

Chromosome set, 22 often + x female or y male (this one is different from the above).

Karyotype: two sets of chromosomes, 46 chromosomes, 44 autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes, and other data describing chromosome size, shape, and band type.

First, the nature is different.

1. Genome: the sum of all the genetic material of an organism.

2. Chromosomes: the number, size and morphological characteristics of all chromosomes in a human somatic cell. Human karyotyping is the grouping, arrangement, and pairing of human chromosomes based on the above characteristics.

Second, the characteristics are different.

1. Genome: including coding DNA and non-coding DNA, mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA.

2. Chromosome group: A chromosome group contains several chromosomes, and the morphology, structure and linkage group of each chromosome of the same chromosome group are different, forming a complete and coordinated system, and the lack of any one of them will cause sterility or trait variation.

3. The number of chromosomes contained is different.

1. Genome: The genome includes 24 chromosomes, namely 22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes (x and y).

2. Chromosome group: The chromosome group includes 23 chromosomes, that is, the number of chromosomes in the gamete.

Fourth, it affects different slow fibers.

1. Genome: Gene is the general name of the specific nuclear fluid which modolinate sequence has a genetic effect on the DNA molecule, and it is a DNA molecular fragment with a genetic effect. The genes are located on chromosomes and are arranged linearly on chromosomes.

2. Chromosomes: The increase or decrease of individual chromosomes in cells will also cause changes in biological traits and even lead to the death of organisms.

A chromosome set refers to a group of non-homologous chromosomes in a cell.

Features. Regardless of how many chromosomes are included in a chromosome set, the morphology, structure, and linkage groups of chromosomes in the same chromosome group are different from each other, but they form a complete and coordinated system, and the absence of any one of them will cause sterility or variation of traits.