What are the knowledge points of the compulsory one in the first year of physics?

The knowledge points of the compulsory course of the first year of physics are as follows:

1. Particle point: When the size and shape of the object have little or no impact on the problem under study, for the convenience of the research problem, the size and shape of the object can be ignored and the object can be regarded as a point with mass, which is called a point.

2. Whether an object is moving or stationary is relative to the frame of reference, for example, two people walking side by side are relatively stationary to each other, but they are in motion relative to a building on the side of the road.

3. Direction: the same direction as the velocity change, and the direction of velocity is uncertain (or the same direction as the resultant force).

4. The longitudinal intercept represents the initial velocity of the object, the inclined straight line indicates that the object moves in a straight line with a uniform velocity, the horizontal straight line indicates that the object moves in a straight line at a uniform velocity, and the curve indicates that the object moves in a linear motion with variable acceleration (the magnitude of acceleration changes).

5. Average velocity: the ratio of the distance traveled by an object in a certain period of time to time. The average rate is scalar.

The first volume of physics is divided into four chapters:

Chapter 1: Description of Movement.

The main knowledge points are particles, reference frames, time, vectors and scalars, displacement, displacement and time images, velocity, rate, average velocity, instantaneous velocity, average velocity, velocity and time image, velocity change, acceleration, etc.

Chapter 2: Research on Linear Motion at Uniform Variable Speed.

The main knowledge points are the relationship between the speed and time of the linear motion of uniform variable speed, the relationship between the displacement and time of the linear motion of uniform variable speed, the relationship between the speed and displacement of the linear motion of uniform variable speed, free fall, vertical throwing, etc.

Chapter 3: Interaction-Force.

The main knowledge points are gravity, elastic force, Hooke's law, static friction and sliding friction, Newton's third law, force analysis, force synthesis and decomposition, common point force balance, etc.

Chapter 4: The Relationship Between Motion and Force.

The main knowledge points are Newton's first law, Newton's second law, experiments: the relationship between acceleration and force and mass, the mechanical unit system, the application of Newton's laws of motion, etc.

1.Definition: The ratio of the amount of change in velocity ov to the time it takes for this change to occur.

2.Formula: A=OV OT.

3.Unit: m s 2 (meters per square second).

4.Acceleration is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. The magnitude of the acceleration is equal to the increase in velocity in the wheel of the bridge per unit time; The direction of acceleration is always the same as the direction of velocity change ov.

In particular, in linear motion, if the velocity increases, the direction of acceleration is the same as the velocity; If the velocity decreases, the direction of acceleration is opposite to the velocity.

5.Physical significance: A physical quantity that represents the speed of the change in the velocity of a particle.

For example, if two cars start to come to a standstill and accelerate evenly to reach a speed of 10 ms, car A takes 10 seconds and car B only takes 5 seconds. Their velocity has changed from 0m s to 10m s, and the speed has changed by 10m s.

So the amount of velocity change is the same. The cover is defeated but it is clear that the B car changes faster. We describe the phenomenon in terms of acceleration: the acceleration of car B (a=ov t, where v is the amount of change in velocity).

Motion is absolute, and rest is relative. Whether an object is in motion or at rest is relative to the frame of reference.

2. Particle point: Definition: A point with mass used to replace an object. A particle is an idealized model, an abstraction of science.

The condition that an object can be regarded as a particle: when studying the movement of an object, the size and shape of the object have a negligible influence on the research results. And whether the object can be regarded as a particle point should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

3. Time and time:

A moment is a moment in time, represented by a point on the timeline, which corresponds to the quantity; Time is the interval between the start moment and the end of the day, represented by a line segment on the timeline, which corresponds to the amount of process.

4. Displacement and distance:

Displacement is used to describe the change of the position of the particle, which is a directed line segment of the particle from the initial position to the last position, which is a vector;

The distance is the length of the trajectory of the particle and is a scalar quantity.

5. Velocity: The physical quantity used to describe the speed and direction of the movement of the particle is a vector quantity. Old nucleus.

1) Average velocity: is the ratio of the displacement to the time taken to pass this displacement, which is defined as , and the direction is the same as the direction of the displacement. The average speed can only be roughly described as a variable speed movement.

The content of motion, including the concept of motion, such as particles, frames of reference, displacements, etcIn terms of experiments, students will learn how to use a dot timer to measure the motion speed of an object, so that the potato can measure the displacement and then calculate the instantaneous velocity, and finally get the acceleration.

In the chapter on the interaction of forces, the concept of force will be introduced in detail, as well as its properties, effects, and components, and students will learn how to draw a force analysis diagram and learn about the different types of forces. Finally, in the chapter on Newton's laws of motion, students will learn about Newton's Laws of Physics.

The laws of one, two, and three are slippery, and practice how to do calculations.

Note. To study physics, it is best to cultivate students' interest in physics as a subject, and after cultivating their interest, the road to learning will be much smoother.

Physics learning requires students to listen carefully in class, understand all the knowledge points, memorize the formulas in the book, and practice a certain amount after class, so that practice makes perfect. The study of physics still requires students to accumulate over time and step by step, so students still need to focus on the study of physics.

A summary of the knowledge points of the compulsory course of physics in the first volume of high school:

First, the relationship between deformation and elastic force.

Elastic deformation (deformation of an object that can return to its original shape after removing the external force that causes the object) Normative deformation (deformation of an object that cannot return to its original shape after removing the external force that causes the object to deform).

Elastic limit: If the deformation of the object is too large, exceeding a certain limit, after the external force is removed, it cannot return to its original shape, this limit is called the elastic limit.

Second, the friction force.

Sliding friction: When an object slides on the surface of another object, it is subject to the force of another object that prevents it from sliding relatively, and this force is called sliding friction.

Explanation: The generation of friction is caused by the non-smooth surface of the object.

3. Synthesis and decomposition of forces.

1) If an object in equilibrium is only acted upon by two forces, the two forces must be equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and act in a straight line, that is, the two forces are balanced.

2) If an object in equilibrium is acted upon by three forces, the resultant force of any two of these three forces must be equal in magnitude and opposite to the other force, acting in a straight line.

3) If an object in equilibrium is subjected to three or more forces, it is advisable to use the orthogonal decomposition method, and the equilibrium equation can be written.

Determine the subjects of the study. Scramble.

Analyze the force situation.

Establish appropriate coordinates.

List the equilibrium equations.

Fourth, the equilibrium conditions of the common point force.

1.Common point force: The force at which the lines of action or extensions of the lines of action of the forces experienced by an object can intersect at a point.

2.Equilibrium state: A state in which an object remains at rest or in a uniform linear motion under the action of a common point force.

Explanation: There are two conditions for stationary here, one is that the net external force on the object is zero, and the other is that the velocity of the object is zero, only when the velocity is zero, the object is not necessarily in a state of rest, such as the moment when the object does vertical upward throwing motion to the point, the velocity of the object is zero, but the object is not at rest, because the net external force on the object is not zero.

3.The equilibrium condition of the object under the action of the common point force: the net force is zero, i.e., 0.

Illustrate. The principle of the convergence of three forces: when an object is balanced by three non-parallel co-point forces, the three forces must intersect at one point.

When an object is in equilibrium by n common point forces, if one of the forces is removed, this force must be equal to the net force of the remaining (n-1) forces.

If the orthogonal decomposition method is used to find the equilibrium problem, the equilibrium condition is: fx is 0 and fy is 0.

There are equilibrium conditions for objects with fixed rotating shafts.

5. Action and reaction force.

Anyone who has studied physics will know Newton's third law, which explains the relationship between force and reaction. When the force is applied to one object, it is slowly subjected to the reaction force of the other object, which is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and remains in a straight line.