What are the inductions of compulsory biology knowledge points, and the induction of biology knowled

Compulsory one in high school - Biology knowledge points induction:1. The structural levels of living systems are as follows: cells, tissues, organ systems, individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems.

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism; The most basic living system on Earth is the cell.

2. The operation steps of the optical microscope:

Light Observation with low magnification objective Moving field of view** (which shift is which offset) High magnification objective observation:

And only the ability to adjust the fine collimation spiral.

Adjust the wide aperture and concave mirror.

3. The fundamental difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is that there is a nucleus with or without a nuclear membrane.

Prokaryotic cells: no nuclear membrane, no chromosomes, such as bacteria such as E. coli, cyanobacteria.

Eukaryotic cells: have a nuclear membrane and have chromosomes, such as yeast, various animals.

Note: Viruses do not have a cellular structure, but have DNA or RNA.

4. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes, autotrophs.

5. The unity of eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is reflected in the fact that both have cell membranes and cytoplasm.

6. The founders of the cell theory are Schleiden and Schwann, and the establishment of the cell theory reveals the unity of the cell and the unity of the structure of the organism. The process of establishing the cell theory is a process of pioneering, inheriting, revising and developing in science, which is full of intriguing twists and turns.

7. The types of chemical elements that make up cells (biological world) and inorganic nature are roughly the same, but the content is different.

8. Elements that make up cells.

A large number of non-vegetarians: C, H, O, N, P, S, K, CA, MG.

Trace amounts of non-vegetarian: Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Mo, Cu.

Main elements: C, H, O, N, P, S.

Basic elements: c.

In the dry weight of cells, the most abundant element is C, and the most abundant element in fresh weight is O.

9. In the fresh weight of organisms (such as cacti in the desert), the most abundant compound is water, and the compound with the most content in dry weight is protein.

1. Viruses do not have a cellular structure, but they must rely on (living cells) to survive.

2. Life activities are inseparable from cells, which are the basic units of structure and function of organisms.

3. Structural levels of living systems: (cells), (tissues), (organs), (systems), (individuals), (populations), (ecosystems), (biosphere).

4. Blood belongs to the (tissue) level, and ** belongs to the (organ) level.

5. Plants do not have a (systemic) level, and single-celled organisms can be transformed into both (individual) and (cellular) levels.

6. The most basic living system on earth is the cell.

7. Population: the sum of individuals of the same species in a certain area. Example: All carp in a pond.

8. Community: The sum of all organisms in a certain area. Example: All the creatures in a pond.

9. Ecosystem: A unified whole formed by the interaction between the biological community and the inorganic environment in which it lives.

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism; With the exception of viruses, all living things are made up of cells. Cells are the most basic living systems on Earth.

Structural hierarchy of living systems: cells, tissues, organs, systems (plants do not have systems), individuals, populations, communities, ecosystems, biospheres.

Depending on the host of the parasite, viruses can be divided into three categories: animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacterial viruses (i.e., bacteriophages). According to the different types of nucleic acids contained in viruses, they are divided into DNA viruses and RNA viruses.

Prokaryotic cells: cells are small, without nuclear membranes, nucleoli, and no formed nucleus; The region where the genetic material (a circular DNA molecule) is concentrated is called the nucleomimetry; There are no chromosomes, and DNA does not bind to proteins; Organelles have only ribosomes; There is a cell wall with a different composition than the eukaryotic cell pin.

Eukaryotic cells: cells are larger, with a nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and a true nucleus; There is a certain number of chromosomes (finch DNA is bound to proteins); There are generally a variety of organelles.

1. Prokaryotic cells:The cells are small, without a nuclear membrane, without a nucleolus, and without a formed nucleus; The region where the genetic material (a circular DNA molecule) is concentrated is called the nucleomimetry; There are no chromosomes, and DNA does not bind to proteins; Organelles have only ribosomes; There is a cell wall with a different composition than eukaryotic cells.

2. Eukaryotic cells: The cell is larger, with a nuclear membrane, a nucleolus, and a true nucleus; There is a certain number of chromosomes (DNA combined with proteins); There are generally a variety of organelles.

3. Prokaryotes:An organism made up of prokaryotic cells. For example, cyanobacteria, bacteria (such as nitrifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, pneumococcus), actinomycetes, mycoplasma, etc. are all prokaryotes.

There are differences between the living and non-living worlds: The amount of chemical elements that make up living organisms in cells is markedly different from that in the abiotic kingdom.

5. Eukaryotes:An organism made up of eukaryotic cells. Such as animals (paramecium, amoeba), plants, fungi (yeasts, molds, slime molds), etc.