What aspirations of the Chinese people in modern times do the foreign affairs movement and the refor

It reflects the Chinese people's desire for a strong and prosperous country, democracy, people's livelihood and civil rights.

Seek prosperity through self-improvement and resist external humiliation.

It reflects the Chinese nation's need for reform and opening up.

The Westernization Movement lasted more than 30 years, began China's modern education, and the communication with foreign countries brought new knowledge to China, broadened people's horizons, and to a certain extent, was conducive to the development of the capitalist economy and the change of social atmosphere. However, its feudal nature, its strong dependence on foreign countries, and the decadent nature of its management did not make China rich and strong. Although the Wuxu Restoration was short-lived, it not only opened up a new situation in ideological enlightenment and cultural education, but also put forward many new proposals in reforming the social atmosphere.

The limitations of the reformers themselves, such as their repudiation of feudalism, their illusions in imperialism, and their fear of the masses, doomed the reform movement to be impossible

Similarities:

1. Purpose: Both the Westernization Movement and the Reform and Reform Movement were for the purpose of saving the country and preserving the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

2. Method: They all rely on reform to accomplish their goals 3. Result: They all end in failure, proving that the two cannot save the old China.

3. Significance: To a certain extent, it has promoted the development of Chinese capitalism and promoted the process of modernization.

Differences: 1. Leading class: The Westernization Movement was a feudal landlord class; The Reform Movement was a bourgeois reformist.

2. The focus of reform: the Westernization movement is to learn Western technology (master Yi long skills to control razing); The Reform Movement was an attempt to establish a constitutional monarchy by learning from the Western system.

The purpose of both is the same, and both have the content of introducing advanced Western technology.

Different: The former is only at the technical level, while the latter is broader in scope, including the political and economic systems of the West.

The degree is much deeper.

The former is an economic and military change that treats the symptoms but not the root cause, and the latter is a change that touches the Qing feudal system.

Similarities: Both factions advocate learning from the West, introducing advanced Western technology, enriching the country and strengthening the army, establishing new-style schools, and cultivating talents.

Differences: a Politically: the Westernists maintained the feudal system of the Qing Dynasty; The reformers advocated the revitalization of civil rights, the opening of the parliament, and the implementation of a constitutional monarchy.

b Economically: the Westernists set up government-run industries, and the reformers encouraged the development of national industry and commerce. c Ideologically and culturally:

The Westernists advocated "using Chinese style and Western style" and simply learned foreign manufacturing techniques, while the reformists advocated not only learning Western science and technology, but also learning advanced ideology and culture. Their fundamental disagreement is over what to learn from the West.

Internal connection: Both the Westernists and the Restorationists are the products of the new trend of thinking of "learning from the West" since the Opium War; With the development of the Westernization Movement, a part of the Westernization faction was separated from the Westernization faction and the early reform faction was formed.

Sources of difference:a Determined by socio-historical conditions. The Westernists arose in an era when class contradictions were acute in China and there was collusion between Chinese and foreign reactionary forces, when Chinese national capitalism had not yet emerged.

The reformists emerged after the Westernization Movement exposed some problems and the emergence of capitalism, and grew up under the conditions of the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War and the unprecedented severity of the national crisis. b Determined by political status. Most of the representatives of the Westernists were feudal bureaucrats, and they were bound to maintain the feudal system.

Most of the representatives of the Restorationists were middle- and lower-class intellectuals, who were easily receptive to Western political ideas and put forward proposals for change.

Compared with the Westernization Movement, the qualitative leap of the Reform Movement is manifested in the fact that the Westernization Movement only involves the modernization of utensils and military affairs, while the Reform and Reform Movement has touched the decadent and backward feudal system.

From June 11 to September 21, 1898, the reformists led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry, and commerce through Emperor Guangxu. On September 21, 1898, the Empress Dowager Cixi and others launched a coup d'état, Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao of the Restorationist fled to France and Japan respectively, Tan Sitong, Kang Guangren, Lin Xu, Yang Shenxiu, Yang Rui, and Liu Guangdi, a total of 6 gentlemen were killed, and the reform failed, which lasted 103 days.

Main contents: the development of industry and agriculture; training new army and navy; Establish newspapers and periodicals and open up speech; Set up a new school to cultivate talents, etc. At the same time, it was stipulated that in the future, the eight-strand document would be abolished in the imperial examinations, and redundant yamen and useless official posts would be abolished.

The Wuxu Reform Law was an important political reform in China's modern history, and it was also an ideological enlightenment movement, which promoted the emancipation of the mind, played an important role in promoting social progress, ideological and cultural development, and promoting the progress of modern Chinese society.

It is bourgeois in nature and calls for the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.

This kind of question is easy to answer, you remember in the future, as long as you hold the general direction, it is the evaluation and limitations of the background of the times, both aspects must be evaluated, and the question can be answered like this in the future, remember the method.

The Westernization Movement was a courageous attempt by Qing intellectuals to save the country, and this movement gave China its own national industry and commerce.

The reform was an attack launched by Chinese intellectuals against the feudal system in order to change the fate of the country.