How do you get the extraction method for separating oil from water?

Dispensing is fine.

The solubility varies greatly – evaporation crystallization.

The boiling point of the solution is different – distillation.

Separation of solid-liquid mixtures – filtration.

Separation of two immiscible liquids - the separation plate of the extractive separator oil-water separator is mainly based on polypropylene corrugated sheet, which contains a variety of additives, which makes it have the characteristics of lipophilic, non-sticky oil, and anti-aging. The corrugated film board is stacked horizontally, with a total of more than 100 layers, and the spacing between the plates is about 12mm, and the oil bead particles only need to rise 12mm to reach the corrugated board. When the oily water flows through, the oil bead particles are quickly captured by the corrugated film plate, that is, they will gather on the corrugated plate, and leave with the moisture, according to the Stokes formula, the oil bead particles will rise rapidly and polymerize into larger oil bead particles, and gather at the top of the corrugated plate to form larger oil bead particles, and the top of the corrugated plate has small holes, through which the oil is gathered and sent to the upper oil collecting layer.

Therefore, an oil bead only needs to move up 12mm to reach the upper layer of corrugated plates, which can be separated from the water. The diameter of the small hole at the top of the corrugated plate is generally 12mm, which allows the collected oil to pass through the small hole and reach the oil collection layer. The part of the corrugated plate that is raised gradually becomes smaller upwards.

The oily water will move along the waveform plate at different speeds, resulting in collisions between large and small oil beads (i.e., the possibility of pooling). The oil beads become larger and larger, and finally they are separated by corrugated film plates.

For the convenience of installation and maintenance, the corrugated film plate is put together into a plurality of blocks, and is assembled in a square container, so that the small hole at the top of the corrugated plate is facing the top of the highest oil collection chamber of the square container, and gradually becomes smaller from bottom to top according to the shape of the container, so that the oily water (at this time, the oil-containing ratio is very large) from the top hole of the corrugated film plate moves along the box body, and the oil and water are collided and separated again, and there is a hole at the top of the box body, The concentrated oil is concentrated into the oil collection tank along its holes, and then the oil level detector of the oil collection chamber detects whether the oil is full, and then sends a signal to the electrical control cabinet, and the control cabinet sends a signal under the automatic control of the PLC, and the oil discharge solenoid valve and the oil discharge pump are started, and then the oil is discharged or utilized.

After the oily water is separated by the corrugated plate, it may also contain small oil droplets, and the polypropylene oil removal filter element is also designed behind the corrugated plate, and each equipment is equipped with a plurality of the same oil removal filter element, so that the final discharge water meets the requirements of 1mg l of oil content in water and 30mg l of suspended solids. If the oil content exceeds the set value, the oil concentration meter at the outlet will automatically detect the oil content of the water, and if it exceeds the standard, it will automatically alarm and stop the operation of the system.

It can be separated directly, and there is no need for carbon tetrachloride or acetone, because the oil and water are inherently stratified.

With a separating funnel, it is very reliable, and both of them hurt a lot, and if you drink ten milliliters of ethanol, you will be blind.

Chinese astronauts demonstrate the water-oil separation experiment in orbit, what is the principle of this experiment? Let's take a look at this problem**, I hope these contents can help friends in need.

I firmly believe that everyone has seen the second lesson of Tiangong Classroom, in which the wonderful experimental phenomenon of water and oil separation experiment amazes the students, and many students do not understand what is the experimental phenomenon and principle of water and oil separation? Let's take a brief introduction.

What is the experimental phenomenon and principle of water and oil separation in the second lesson of Tiangong classroom? Water is one of the most common substances on the earth, and it is a transparent liquid with no odor at room temperature and pressure, and is known as the source of human life. The vegetable oil is light yellow and transparent, and the color is clear.

What does vegetable oil look like when it meets water? On Earth, oil must float on water, and the two are naturally layered. In the absence of gravity, the oil will be mixed up in the water and cannot be separated.

How do you extract oil from water? In this experiment, the astronauts of the Shenzhou-13 crew, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, formed a centripetal force according to rotation to complete the layering of water and oil.

Water and oil separation experiments. On the road surface, water and oil are placed together to create a hierarchical phenomenon, but in the space station, because of the gravity-free natural environment, water and oil are not easy to separate. In the whole process of the experiment, Mr. Ye Guangfu made a "manual centrifugal dehydrator" to complete the separation of water and oil.

In addition to carrying out the different experimental phenomena of the current Xintiandi, this experiment is also related to the fixed equipment centrifugal dehydrator on the space station, and we took this opportunity to see some hidden experimental cabinets on the space station.

To be able to see astronauts doing experiments for us in space, to be honest, it is really like a dream, and now our motherland has a strong strength to show various experiments for children, and children should study harder, inherit the efforts of their predecessors when they grow up, and continue to carry forward the results!

The oil phase and the aqueous phase of the phenol extraction liquid are almost half, and which type of oil-water separator is more suitable for separation.

The oil phase and the water phase of the phenol extract liquid are about half of each, and the separation is carried out by gravity separator or centrifugal separator, and the gravity separator or centrifugal separator can be considered for separation when the proportion of oil phase and water phase of phenol extract is about the same. The gravity separator usually includes equipment such as a flat plate segregation tank, an inclined tube settling tank, etc. The principle is that through gravity, the oil-water phases are naturally separated and precipitated to the bottom of the equipment under the action of different densities, and then the precipitated oil phase and water phase are extracted through the outlet pipe.

Centrifugal separator is also a common separation equipment, its working principle is to use centrifugal force field to separate materials, when rotating at high speed, the oil and water phases will be under the action of different centrifugal forces, so as to achieve the separation of oil and water. Centrifugal separators are usually more efficient and have better separation results, but the corresponding equipment costs are also higher. Therefore, the specific choice of which type of oil-water separator needs to consider the actual situation including:

Target separation effect, operating cost, equipment input cost, purification and chaos liquid scale, etc. At the same time, the performance of the equipment should be clearly understood and safety measures should be taken.

Oil-water separation methods mainly include gravity separation, centrifugal separation, electrical separation, air flotation separation, etc.

Gravity separation: due to the different relative densities of oil, gas and water, a certain proportion of oil, gas and water phases will be formed when the system is in equilibrium at a certain pressure and temperature.

Centrifugal separation: Using the different density of oil and water, the high-speed rotating oil-water mixture produces different centrifugal forces, so that the oil and water are separated.

Electroseparation: electric evaporation as the ultimate means of oil-water treatment, is widely used in oil fields and refineries, the principle is that the emulsion is placed in a high-voltage AC or DC electric field, due to the effect of the electric field on the water droplets, weakening the strength of the emulsion, promoting the collision and merger of water droplets, and finally coalescing into water droplets with larger particle size, separated from the water droplets.

Air flotation separation: Air flotation method is a method that relies on the formation of tiny bubbles in the water and carries the floc particles to float to the liquid surface to purify the water. The condition is that air bubbles attached to the oil droplets can form oil and gas particles.

Do you know about demulsifiers? This is a water treatment agent used in sewage and wastewater, I don't know if it is one or the other you said, demulsifier is a surfactant substance, which can destroy the emulsified liquid structure to achieve the purpose of separating the phases in the emulsion. Among them, demulsification refers to the use of the chemical action of demulsifier to emulsify the oil and water in the mixture of oil and water, the effective separation of organic phase and water phase, a simpler and more effective method is to use demulsifier to eliminate emulsification to form an emulsion interface with a certain strength, to achieve two-phase separation.

However, different demulsifiers have different demulsification capabilities for organic phases, and the performance of demulsifiers directly affects the effectiveness of two-phase separation.

The emulsion is left overnight and is generally separated into two clear layers.

b) Rotate horizontally to shake the separating funnel.

When the interface between the two layers is unclear due to emulsification, the shunt funnel can be slowly rotated and shaken in the horizontal direction to eliminate the "foam" at the interface. Promote stratification.

c) Filter with filter paper.

For the emulsification phenomenon caused by the presence of resinous and mucous suspended solids, the materials in the separating funnel can be filtered under reduced pressure with filter paper with dense texture. The filtered material is easy to stratify and separate.

4) Add ether.

Solvents with specific gravity close to L are easy to emulsify with the aqueous phase during the extraction or washing process, and a small amount of ether can be added to dilute the organic phase to reduce its specific gravity and make it easy to stratify.

5) Add water or solvent and shake horizontally.

The emulsion mixture is easily divided into two phases by slowly adding water or solvent and then rotating horizontally. As for the addition of water, it is more effective to add solvent, and a small amount of the emulsion mixture can be taken out and tested in advance in the test tube.

f) Add ethanol.

For emulsions formed by ether or chloroform, 5 10 drops of ethanol can be added, and then slowly shaken, the emulsion can be stratified. However, it should be noted that the mixing of ethanol into the extractant can sometimes have a negative effect due to the reduced partition coefficient.

7) Centrifugal separation.

The emulsified mixture is transferred into a centrifugal separator for high-speed centrifugation.

8) Add inorganic salts and reduce pressure.

For the emulsion of acetyl acetate and water, inorganic salts such as table salt, ammonium sulfate or calcium chloride are added to dissolve it in water, which can promote stratification. In addition, the emulsification part is removed and carefully warmed to 50 °C, or depressurized and vented with a water pump can facilitate separation. For the emulsion formed by ether, the emulsified part can be separated and packed into a slender cylinder container, and the fully dehydrated sodium sulfate powder can be evenly screened on the liquid surface, at this time, the sodium sulfate sinks while absorbing water, and an aqueous solution layer can be formed at the bottom of the container.

The specific gravity of most oils is lighter than water, so they are floating on the water, if there is very little water mixed into it, then you can pour the oil into the pot and heat, it is best to keep the oil temperature at 100 and a few degrees, then the water will be evaporated first, so that there will be no more water in the oil; If there is more water sinking under the oil, you can also use a straw to suck out most of the water first or pour out most of the oil into other containers and then suck most of the water away, and wait until the basic absorption is done and only a small amount of oil and water are mixed with liquid, and then pour it into the pot and heat it according to the previous mention.

In the field of industrial coating, commonly used oil-water separation methods include heating oil-water separation, ultrafiltration (UF) membrane separation, and adsorption purification.

1) Heating oil-water separation method. The oily degreasing solution is fed into the hot oil separator (see Figure 1 below), heated and demulsified, and the oil floats to the liquid surface of the tank, collects it through the oil suction port, and flows into the oil storage tank. After deoiling, the bath liquid passes through the baffle of the liquid level, removes the heavier sediment and returns to the working tank.

2) Ultrafiltration (UF) method regeneration degreasing method. The oily degreasing solution that has been pre-filtered (removing coarse garbage, iron powder and slag, etc.) is concentrated and purified by ultrafiltration membrane, and the UF liquid (oil-free degreasing solution) is returned to the working tank. The flowchart is shown in Figure 2 below.

3) Adsorption and degreasing method. It is the use of lipophilic and non-clean material characteristics, through which these materials are constantly in contact with the oily degreasing solution to capture the oil stain in the adsorption tank solution. The working principle is that the rotating device drives the oil suction belt to rotate continuously in the auxiliary tank at a specific speed, and the adsorbed oil is squeezed into the oil storage barrel through the oil squeezing port, and the adsorption purification device is shown in Figure 3 below.

1. All "extraction" is "gathering", so "extraction" means "pulling a certain type of substance out of the original system and enriching it"; "Separation" must be the same liquid phase, but separated because it is not miscible with each other.

Gasoline is a hydrocarbon with a water-repellent alkyl group, so it is not miscible with water.

The point is, what is the gasoline mixed with water in your question? "Extraction" must be the enrichment of certain substances from the aqueous phase by gasoline or the enrichment of water from gasoline. If it seems that you are holding something and you want to hand it to so-and-so, but you don't have anything in your hand, then it cannot be called "handing over".

A dispensing is the stratification of two immiscible liquids, like gasoline and water.

Extraction is the use of one solvent to take the solute from another. So there are at least three things in the extraction (two solvents plus one solute). For example, if there is a small amount of organic matter dissolved in the water, and then you add gasoline, stir or shake it and then let it stand and stratify, the organic matter that was originally dissolved in the water goes to the gasoline, which is called extraction.

Because water and gasoline are immiscible and stratified, it is good to separate the liquid directly, and for extraction, the two should be miscible with each other.

For the stratification of vegetable oil and water, the separation method is selected, while the insoluble solid-liquid macrobodies are separated by filtration, the liquids with different boiling points and miscible liquids are separated by distillation, and the mixture is separated by extraction using the differential solubility of the solutes, so C is selected

Oil-water separation is mainly based on the density difference between water and oil, macrohail or different chemical properties, the use of gravity bending sail sedimentation principle or other physicochemical reactions to remove impurities or complete the separation of oil and water.