What do co periodic elements and co main group elements mean?

Group IB: Zinc group elements (II subgroup elements).

This group contains three typical transition metal elements, of which mercury is a liquid metal, which generally has a bluish hue, zinc is different from other transition metals, it exhibits the chemical properties of the main group elements (see the section on compounds), these three elements have a common d10 s2 electronic configuration, so it can be expected that their properties are somewhat similar, and they have an unusually low melting point among transition elements. Mercury is the only liquid metal at room temperature, and some of its properties are close to those of platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) of the same period, but quite different from its contemporaries.

Compound. Outer electron configurations: zinc (Zn) [Ar]3d104s2, cadmium (cd) [kr]4d105s2, mercury (Hg) [xe]4f145d106s2, the outermost electrons are all 2, so they are all +2 valence, and mercury is a +1 valence compound.

Zinc is one of the more anomalous elements in the subgroup: it has only +2 valence, and its compounds are usually colorless (or white), and compared with the calcium, strontium, and barium compounds of IIA, zinc only shows a slightly greater tendency to form complexes, so it has more typical metallic properties than transition metals. The aqueous solution of the elemental salts of this group is all metal cations (m+2), and only the anhydrous divalent mercury (Hg+2) compounds are covalent.

The same periodic element refers to the element with the same number of electron layers in the periodic table, that is, the same transverse line in the periodic table has one period.

The same main group element refers to the element with the same outermost electron number in the main group elements of the periodic table, that is, the same longitudinal line is a main group Note that this is the main group and does not contain the secondary group elements.

Periodic table.

The main group refers to the elements in the S and P regions of the periodic table, except for transition metals.

Lanthanides, actinides, noble gases.

Everything else is the main element.

The main group elements include hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine.

The laws of the periodic table.

The periodic table has 7 periods and 16 families, each horizontal row is called a period, and each vertical row is called a family (group VIII contains three columns). These 7 cycles can be divided into short cycles and long cycles). There are 16 families, one in each column from left to right (except for VIII).

For example: hydrogen belongs to group IA elements, while helium belongs to group 0 elements.

The position of an element in the periodic table is not only a reflection of the atomic structure of the element.

It also shows the law of gradual change in the properties of elements and the internal connections between elements.

In the same period, from left to right, the number of electrons outside the nucleus of the element is the same, and the number of electrons in the outermost shell.

Increasing sequentially, atomic radius.

Decreasing (except for group 0 elements). The ability to lose electrons is gradually weakened, the ability to gain electrons is gradually increased, the metallicity is gradually weakened, and the non-metallic ability is gradually enhanced. The highest positive oxidation number of an element.

Increasing from left to right (except for those without positive valence), and the lowest negative oxidation number increasing from left to right (except for the first period, except for the O and F elements in the second cycle).

In the same family, from top to bottom, the number of electrons in the outermost shell is the same, the number of electrons outside the nucleus gradually increases, the atomic radius increases, and the atomic number increases.

Increasing, increasing metallicity of the elements and decreasing of non-metallic properties.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Main Family Elements.

Encyclopedia — Periodic Table.

In the same delayed state cycle, from left to right, the acidity of the hydrate corresponding to the most ** oxide of the element increases (the alkalinity decreases);

In the same main group code source, from top to bottom, the alkalinity of the hydrate corresponding to the most ** oxide of the element is enhanced (acidity is weakened).

1) Main family elements: elements of the S and P regions.

2) Minor group elements: D block elements refer to IIIB VIII group elements, and DS zone elements refer to IB and IIB group scatter good elements.

1. Introduction to the main family:

1. Another definition of the main group element impulse: the number of electrons in the electron shell except for the outermost electron shell is a chemical element with full electrons.

2. Supplement: In the periodic table, except for transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, and noble gases, they are all main group elements.

3. English name: main-groupelement4, contains elements: hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium.

2. Introduction to the subfamily:

1. English name: subgroupbelement2, contains elements: titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, copper, silver, gold, zinc, mercury, molybdenum, tungsten.

1. The distinction between the main and secondary families is based on the elements they contain. The main group elements include short-period elements, while the secondary group elements only include long-period elements.

2. The expression of ordinal numbers is different.

Main group ordinal number = outermost number of electrons = highest positive valence = 8-|Negative valence|

Minor family: A family composed entirely of long-period elements is called a secondary family, which is expressed as: the first secondary family (b), the second main family (b), and so on.

3. Whether it is a cycle or a rental banquet, there will be rules between the main family, but the secondary elements are usually more alternative, or the disadvantages are a variety of parallel elements that follow a law.

4. The electronic arrangement of the main group elements is regular, for example, the outermost electrons increase in turn. The electronic configuration of the subgroup elements is irregular, and the outermost shell generally has one electron, and there are three at most.

The main group of elements is a chemical classification of elements, which refers to the elements in the S and P regions of the periodic table. Another definition of a major group element is a chemical element in which the number of electrons in the electron shell except for the outermost electron shell is full electrons. In the periodic table, except for transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, and noble gases, they are all major group elements.

What are the main families?

The periodic table has 7 periods and 16 families. Each horizontal row is called a cycle, and each vertical row is called a family. These 7 cycles can be further divided into short cycles, long cycles) and incomplete cycles (7).

There are 16 families, which are divided into 7 main families (a, a, a, a, a), 7 subfamilies (b, b, b), one family (including three vertical rows), and one zero family.

Contains elements. Hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium.

Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium.

Boron-aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium.

Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead.

Nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth.

Oxysulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium.

Chlorochlorobromoiodine astatine.

The symbol of the first element in each column is marked with a serial number.

For example, hydrogen H is marked with ia, where a means that it is the main group, ia is the first main group, if it is marked iia it means the second main group, and so on, at the same time, there are also ib on it, where b represents the secondary group, so you go to look at the periodic table.

Open your chemistry book and turn to the last page of the periodic table of chemical elements, which is marked with a at the top of the periodic table, indicating the main group, and there are a a

The one marked with b at the top indicates the subfamily, and there are seven subfamilies in total: b b b.

The top is only marked as the eighth family, the eighth family has three columns, the eighth family does not belong to the main family or the secondary family, and the top one marked with 0 is the 0 family, including the seven elements of He ne ar kr xe rn, I hope it can help you!! I hope to adopt を!

There are seven main families, which are a-a

The atomic radius of the elements of the same period decreases sequentially from left to right, the metallicity decreases, and the non-metallicity increases. The atomic radius of the elements of the same main group increases sequentially from top to bottom, and the metallicity is enhanced, and the non-metallicity is weakened. Oxidation corresponds to non-metallic properties, and reducibility corresponds to metallic properties.

From left to right, the reduction of the elements of the same period is weakened and the oxidation is enhanced. The atomic radius of the elements of the same main group increases sequentially from top to bottom, the reduction is enhanced, and the oxidation is weakened.

A chemical element is a general term for a class of atoms that have the same number of nuclear charges (the number of protons in the nucleus). From a philosophical point of view, elements are the result of a qualitative change caused by a quantitative change in the number of electrons in an atom.

Chemical element (English: chemical element) refers to more than 100 basic metallic and non-metallic substances in nature.

An atomic composition whose nucleus has the same number of protons that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical methods, and which can make up all matter. Some examples of common elements are hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon. As of 2012, a total of 118 elements have been discovered, 94 of which are found on Earth.

The nuclei of elements with atomic number 83 (bismuth element and later) are unstable and radiate decay. The 43rd and 61st elements (technetium and promethium) have no stable isotopes and undergo decay sock burning. The heaviest surviving element in nature is neptunium 93, but even elements with atomic numbers as high as 95 and no stable nucleus can be found in nature, which is the natural decay of uranium and thorium.

The element with the largest atomic number that can theoretically be synthesized in nature is the element californium 98; But the heavier meta-sulpin has been synthesized continuously, and has now been synthesized to OG No. 118. There is no clear answer to where the end of the periodic table is, and the number 173 is now the most widely supported.