How does the Meteorological Observatory know the temperature of the next day?

Mostly inference.

The main determinant of air temperature is the movement of air masses, just like the satellite images we see in the weather forecast every day, which are actually the living conditions of the air pressure zone.

eg: A B is two places, A is to the left of B, and at some point this area is mainly controlled by the air mass W, which moves from left to right. If we extrapolate the distance traveled by W in a day, it will be exactly plex A to B. Then the temperature of B is about the temperature of the day before in place A.

In addition, meteorological observatories collect meteorological data for decades, which they use to correct their inferences from satellite cloud images.

Methods for forecasting minimum temperatures.

The level and occurrence time of the minimum temperature vary with the different seasons and meteorological conditions, and its variation law can be obtained according to the statistics of data and the experience of forecasting practice. At present, the minimum temperature forecasting method is basically a method of applying experience and indicators on the basis of weather situation forecasting, and quantitative forecasting based on numerical prediction products is the future development trend. Here are a few ways to do this.

a.On the basis of the forecast of the weather situation, the forecast is based on experience.

When forecasting, the first thing to consider is the change in the weather situation. If there is no major change in the weather situation within the forecast time limit, and the forecast area is still controlled by the same air mass, the change in minimum temperature is forecast based on the experience of air mass temperature changes. If there is a frontal crossing within the forecast period, the impact of advection temperature and adiabatic temperature on the minimum temperature must be analyzed according to the forecast of the strength and movement of the front, and then the forecast must be made.

b.Qualitative judgment was made using the comparative method.

If there is no significant change in the weather situation within the forecast period, the future minimum temperature can be roughly judged by comparing the meteorological conditions and minimum temperature of the current day and the previous day.

c.Estimates were made using nighttime cooling.

When crossing without a front, the lowest temperatures usually occur early in the morning. Based on the local temperature at 2 p.m. or 4 p.m., the minimum temperature forecast can be obtained by subtracting the amount of cooling from the night to the next morning.

Forecast of the maximum temperature.

The maximum temperature is closely related to convective weather, and the forecast of maximum temperature is the main content of temperature forecasting in the summer half of the year. At present, there are several main ways to forecast the maximum temperature.

a.Comparative Law.

To forecast the maximum temperature in the local area, first compare the changes in the maximum temperature in recent days and analyze the reasons for it; Then, on the basis of the weather forecast, the influence of all factors is comprehensively analyzed, and the forecast is made based on experience.

b.Apply statistics and empirical forecasts.

The maximum temperature generally occurs at 14-16 o'clock, and its diurnal variation can be obtained from historical data. In the case of little change in weather conditions, the maximum temperature can be estimated based on the inter-day variables of the same period.

c.Maximum temperature forecasts for significant cold and warm advection.

When there is the influence of cold and warm advection or the influence of fronts during the forecast period, the effect of temperature advection must be considered in the forecast of maximum temperature.

The temperature forecast is based on the meteorological maps drawn from the cloud maps sent back by the Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite and the temperature, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed and other data measured by meteorological stations in various places.

Temperature is a physical quantity that indicates how hot or cold an object is, and microscopically it is the intensity of the thermal motion of the molecules of an object. The degree of heat and coldness measured on one of several arbitrary scales for an observable phenomenon. Temperature can only be measured indirectly by certain characteristics of an object as a function of temperature, and the scale used to measure the temperature value of an object is called a temperature scale.

The temperature of the weather forecast is not the temperature of the surface, but the temperature in the louver box one meter above the ground, which is the temperature in the air, so in the summer, you feel that the ground is very hot, and the temperature is not so high when it is hot, which is calculated by combining the temperature of the thermometer in the louver box in many places.

The temperature measurement in the weather forecast is a louver box, the thermometer and sensor for measuring the temperature are placed in the louver box, and the temperature has a fixed temperature, the highest daily temperature, the lowest daily temperature.

Forecasted climate temperatures are projected based on past data.

There is an instrument that specializes in measuring climatic temperature.

The air temperature observed and recorded by the meteorological station is measured with a thermometer placed in a louver box. The temperature is generally measured using the Celsius temperature scale, which is written as " " and read as "Celsius". Temperature measurements are usually carried out 4 times a day

Generally, at 8 o'clock, 2 p.m., 2 p.m. Beijing time.

The temperature stated in the public weather forecast is measured on a thermometer in a louver box at a height of meters above the ground in an observation field planted with turf. Average temperature refers to the arithmetic average of the observed temperature values over a certain period of time. Depending on the length of the calculation time, there may be the average temperature of a certain day, the average temperature of a certain month, and the average temperature of a certain year.

The daily maximum temperature is the highest temperature in a day, generally occurring at 14 to 15 o'clock, and the lowest temperature generally occurs at 5 to 6 o'clock in the morning. The temperature items of surface meteorological observation include timed temperature, daily maximum temperature, and daily minimum temperature. Weather stations equipped with thermometers should keep a continuous record of air temperature, taking one decimal place as a unit.

The distribution of air temperature is usually represented by an isotherm diagram. The so-called isotherm is the connection line of various points with equal air temperature on the ground, and the different arrangements of the isotherms reflect the different temperature distribution characteristics. If the isotherm is sparse, it means that the temperature is not much different from place to place.

There are three main factors that affect the distribution of temperature, namely latitude, land and sea, and altitude.

Every night, when we turn on the TV, after the news broadcast, we can see the weather forecast for the next day's major cities across the country. How do you make such a large-scale weather forecast?

Today's weather forecasts are no longer empirical. Rather, it is based on the cloud maps sent back by the Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite and the temperature, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed, and other data measured by meteorological stations in various places. Such forecasts have traditionally been carried out manually, which is slow and not very accurate.

In order to accurately predict the weather, the data obtained above must be listed as a system of linear equations of several hundred orders or more. If it were solved manually, it would take hundreds of people and several weeks to complete. At this point, it's no longer a weather forecast, it's a weather report.

Now that there are electronic computers, this work has been done by computers. It only takes a few minutes to complete the task.

The daily weather forecast for ** TV station is calculated by the National Weather Service using two large computers. Every night, when we turn on the TV, after the news broadcast, we can see the weather forecast for the next day's major cities across the country. How do you make such a large-scale weather forecast?

Today's weather forecasts are no longer empirical. Rather, it is based on the cloud maps sent back by the Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite and the temperature, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed, and other data measured by meteorological stations in various places. Such forecasts have traditionally been carried out manually, which is slow and not very accurate.

In order to accurately predict the weather, the data obtained above must be listed as a system of linear equations of several hundred orders or more. If it were solved manually, it would take hundreds of people and several weeks to complete. At this point, it's no longer a weather forecast, it's a weather report.

Now that there are electronic computers, this work has been done by computers. It only takes a few minutes to complete the task.

The daily weather forecast for ** TV station is calculated by the National Weather Service using two large computers.

1. Collect data.

The first step is to collect data such as auspicious light, air pressure, and temperature on the ground or sea surface through the equipment of some professionals. The World Meteorological Organization will further harmonize these data and eventually successfully develop a standard.

Data from meteorological satellites is more important. It can successfully collect data from all over the world and help the Weather Disturbance Elephant Awareness Expert learn more about it. Through the observation and detection of clouds, it is possible to know the cloud top temperature and make **.

Of course, ground data is also more important. Weather radars that specialize in flashing can obtain rainfall information, such as area and intensity.

2. Data assimilation.

Data assimilation is to combine the relevant data collected from the slow shoot with the basic digital model to conduct certain meteorological analysis and obtain basic answers. The end result is an optimal solution that knows not only temperature and humidity, but also air pressure, wind speed, and wind direction at a glance.

3. Data weather forecasting.

Then, the atmosphere is simulated by computer, mainly based on the results of data assimilation. However, due to the relative complexity of the equations, only a computer can make them.

4. Output processing.

After the results are calculated, one can understand the meaning of the data through processing, in which errors should be eliminated and some basic adjustments should be made to the data results.

These tasks used to be done by meteorologists, but now they are much simpler, weather forecasts are more accurate than before, and meteorologists can do their jobs more simply.

5. Final display.

The first four steps are all behind the scenes, all in preparation for Step 5, and Step 5 is the most important step, which is to display the results of the calculations so that everyone knows what the weather will be like in the future and prepares accordingly. People who were once curious about the moon and stars such weather are also a kind of display.

The staff of the meteorological observatory forecasts the weather by obtaining meteorological data such as wind direction, wind speed, air pressure, humidity and temperature close to the ground and high altitude through ground observation, upper-air observation, ocean observation, radar observation and meteorological satellite observation.

The staff quickly transmitted the meteorological data observed at the same time to the receiving center by telegraph, and filled in a white map with the prescribed symbols and numbers to make a weather map. According to the occurrence, development, weakening, and disappearance of various meteorological conditions on the weather map, carefully analyze, mark its development direction with the meeting number, and then combine the weather conditions in each region at that time, and use the law of weather changes and practical experience, you can ** what weather will occur in each region.