Eliminating pests and diseases in orchards in winter can achieve twice the result with half the effo

After the fruit trees lose their leaves, they enter the dormant period, and at the same time, the various pests and diseases that harm the fruit trees also stop harming, and the overwintering form is produced in preparation for overwintering. Dormant insects survive the winter with their specific form or at specific stages of their life cycle. The overwintering grounds of pests and diseases are relatively hidden, and most of them have fixed places.

Therefore, to eliminate pests and diseases in the orchard in winter, as long as you grasp their living habits and adopt appropriate methods, you can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

Here's how.

After removing fallen leaves and fruit trees, the dead branches, fallen leaves, and weeds in the garden will be cleaned up and transported out of the park for centralized treatment。It can also be buried deep in the soil below 40 cm under the canopy to eliminate pests and diseases that overwinter on dead branches, fallen leaves and weeds, and can also increase organic matter in the soil. Combined with winter pruning, cut off diseased and insect branches, diseased dead fruits, diseased fruit tables, etc., and take the diseased and insect branches out of the orchard and burn them intensively, and do not pile them in the orchard or near the orchard, so as to prevent the diseases and insects that overwinter in it from infecting the fruit trees.

Thoroughly scrape off the lesions of rot disease and ring pattern disease, take the scraped diseased skin out of the garden, and disinfect the wound with stone sulfur mixture or Fumei arsenic. Scrape off the old warped bark on the branches and paint the trunk white to prevent frost damage and sunburn, and eliminate all kinds of mites and insects that overwinter in it, and use a stiff brush to brush the overwintering insects of the scale insects on the branches. Turn over the tree tray to change the living environment of overwintering pests and diseases, bury the overwintering pests and diseases on the surface to the bottom, and freeze to the surface of the bottom layer to death.

Before germination, the whole garden is sprayed with a 5-degree stone sulfur mixture, which can control various diseases and various pests and diseases such as red spiders, scale insects, and tumor aphids.

After the fruit tree falls leaves, it is the time to eliminate pests and diseases, so it can achieve twice the effect with half the effort, you can use three catties of quicklime, two catties of stone sulfur mixture, one pound of salt, half a catty of vegetable oil, 10 catties of water and stir evenly after painting the tree stem, and then spray the branches with Baume 3-5 degrees stone sulfur mixture, the working time is carried out at noon, and the soil is sprinkled with five kilograms of phosphine granules, and then shallow hoeing.

In winter, it is necessary to sweep and prune some diseased branches, remove some weeds, scrape the bark and white, and then plough the tree tray and carry out winter irrigation, so that there can be a very good effect on eliminating pests and diseases.

In winter, the soil can be disinfected and sterilized, so that the soil can become more nutritious and the pest problem can be better eliminated.

Reasonable control should be carried out, pay attention to the requirements of management, and regular fertilization and watering should be carried out so that pests and diseases can be eliminated.

The growth cycle of fruit trees is long, the ecological conditions of the orchard are conducive to the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, and the trunk provides a winter site for pests and diseases, and other factors, fruit trees are very vulnerable to the harm of pests and diseases. Due to unreasonable pest control, the production of orchards will be reduced, the quality of fruits will be reduced, and even the entire orchard will be crumbling, which will hinder the development of the fruit tree industry.

There is a lack of prevention mechanism, and treatment is the mainstay

In the survey, it was found that fruit farmers usually neglect the prevention of pests and diseases, and instead focus on the treatment of pest and disease outbreaks. However, this kind of treatment-based method not only greatly increases the cost of prevention and control, but also has poor results, and even leads to ineffectiveness.

For example, apple ring disease, grape gray mold and other impregnated young fruits, through long-term incubation until the fruit is close to ripe, once the disease can not be controlled, even if the dose is aggravated, the effect is minimal. In terms of production, because the farmers are unable to take preventive measures against this pest and disease, the economic losses caused by missing the best control stage are huge.

Ignoring the control of pests and diseases in the dormant period of fruit trees, the pressure of control during the growth period is high

Pest control, growth period control pressure. The orchard is a place where a variety of pests and diseases spend the winter, and as the trunks of the trees go into a dormant state, the pests and diseases are forced to survive the winter. At this time, the pest control can be carried out in a centralized manner, which saves time and has obvious results.

Autumn and winter control can greatly reduce the number of pests and diseases in winter, alleviate the occurrence of pests and diseases in the second year, and have the core significance of ensuring stable and high yield of fruit trees. However, many fruit farmers only pay attention to the control of pests and diseases during the growth period of fruit trees, and lack the concept of dormant state control, and are in a passive influence on pest control.

The diagnosis is wrong, the prevention and treatment is unreasonable, and the remediation is one-sided

Most fruit farmers lack reasonable pest and disease diagnosis technology, and there are misdiagnoses from time to time in diagnosis, which can not be correct, which can easily cause large-scale spread of pests and diseases, which greatly increases the difficulty of remediation. Even if the cause of the disease can be properly diagnosed, the lack of prevention and control technology leads to the unreasonable prevention and treatment. The one-sided diagnosis and control of fruit tree pests and diseases are the main factors that cause fruit tree diseases and pests to be reasonably controlled, which requires relevant departments to strengthen the specific guidance of fruit farmers and continue to improve their ability to control pests and diseases.

It will increase the number of times that agricultural drugs are used, do not understand the role of pesticides, do not understand the dilution of pesticides, and will delay the phenomenon of pesticide residues, without prescribing the right medicine, and without controlling the use of pesticides.

The problem that often occurs is that the prevention of friends is improper, or it does not have a very good effect, and there will still be pests and diseases, or it will be based on the incorrect dosage, or the problem of proportioning is abnormal.

It will overuse pesticides, produce tamo raw drugs, may affect the invention of fruit trees, may have a certain degree of toxicity, sometimes affect the fertility of the soil, and will also produce a lot of ***.

The indiscriminate use of pesticides, the lack of selection of excellent varieties, the awareness of pest control, the protection of natural enemies, and the use of fertilizers.

Problems that often arise in pest control for fruit growers: 1Fertilizer flooding; 2.Neglect pest control.

Solution:1use of high-quality fruit tree seedlings; 2.

Enhance the concept of pest and disease remediation; 3.Improved maintenance of natural enemies for applications. Nowadays, more and more farmers are making money by selecting and planting fresh fruits, and the common phenomena and solutions that fruit farmers often appear in pest control are as follows:

1.Fertilizer flooding;

When fruit trees are affected by pests and diseases, the common method of most fruit growers is to use a lot of chemical fertilizers to kill the pests. However, this method has both good and bad, and its effect is good, and it can achieve significant results in a short period of time. However, its shortcomings are also very significant, that is, the problem of pesticide residues.

2.Neglect pest control.

If fertilizer flooding is an extreme, then neglect of pest control is another. The remediation of pests and diseases is not only aimed at the elimination of pests, but also depends on the prevention and remediation process of pests and diseases, which is also a problem that most fruit farmers are very easy to ignore. In practice, growers often focus on how to properly eliminate pests and do not care about how to prevent them.

The challenge of preventing pests and diseases. Doing a good job in the prevention and prevention of insect pests in the early stage of fruit tree planting can greatly alleviate the pressure of operation in the middle and later stages.

1.use of high-quality fruit tree seedlings;

In order to better control the generation of pests and diseases from the source, the selection of high-quality fruit tree seedlings is indispensable. High-quality fruit tree seedlings should mainly be characterized by strong applicability to the conditions. High ability to prevent insect pests.

Strong survivability, etc. This must also be considered in the context of the specific geographical situation.

2.Enhance the concept of pest and disease remediation;

In areas where pests and diseases are common, it is important to put in place strict precautions and address the damage in a timely manner. Natural conditions should also be tested, including the relative humidity of the air. temperature and other conditions.

In the event of unfavorable conditions, manual control should be given immediately. Focus on pest control and select appropriate pest control techniques. In addition, it is necessary to remove the diseased branches in the prevention of physics on time.

Carry out soil turning work on time to build a healthy natural environment for the growth and development of fruit trees.

3.Improved maintenance of natural enemies for applications.

According to statistics, some green plants or insects naturally have the ability to resist certain types of pests and diseases, and are the natural enemies of pests. The emergence of such conflicting associations provides an important way to deal with the problem of fruit tree diseases and insect pests. Fruit growers can select and cultivate microorganisms according to the clash among natural enemies, maintain the species diversity of the plantation, and maintain the natural balance.

Compared with organic chemical methods such as chemical fertilizers, the application of natural enemies is relatively safe, and it is also a relatively economical pest control method. In the selection of natural enemies, fruit farmers should pay attention to the reasonable matching of fruit tree types, and complete the goal of preventing insect pests according to the methods of artificial planting and manual release.

Fruit tree diseases and insect pests are the most difficult in the whole plant pest control, the main reason is that the fruit tree pest control should not only meet the needs of a friendly ecological environment, but also meet the requirements of fruit tree yield and high yield, in the selection of pesticides to break through the traditional model, timely update the concept of prevention and control, the use of professional agricultural cultivation technology to take relevant protective measures for fruit trees.

There are some fruit pests and diseases that can be prevented in advance, so fruit farmers can spray some pesticides in advance to prevent pests and diseases. In addition, it is possible to resist germs by breeding excellent varieties.

It is likely that the pesticide will fail, which is likely to lead to incorrect pesticide ratio and dosage, or incorrect pesticide use. I think I should learn how to use pesticides correctly and then prescribe the right medicine.

Pests and diseases are a very important type of disaster in the growth process of fruit trees, which may lead to a very large reduction in yields and may also lead to the phenomenon of no harvest. In the process of prevention, the problem is that many fruit farmers do not pay attention to pests and diseases, and finally turn from small problems to big problems, such as small flies in citrus, if such problems can not be well controlled and prevented in the early stage, it is difficult to regulate the fruit trees after fruit set.

Most fruit farmers do not pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the early stage of returning to the garden, and after a long time, the harm of pests and diseases will be aggravated, and they cannot be spread out of joint, so that the orchard will seriously have pests and diseases. During the orchard construction process, the ecosystem will also change, such as light, rain, and temperature, and if the differences are prominent, the ecosystem will change. The causes and types of pests and diseases of different fruit trees are different, so the conditions and time of dispersal are also different.

In such a situation, management must be strengthened, otherwise the impact will be severe.

If pesticide attack is one extreme, ignoring pest control is the other. Pest control is not only about killing pests, but also about protecting and managing pests and diseases, which is also an issue that most fruit farmers tend to ignore. In practice, fruit growers often only focus on how to effectively kill pests, but do not pay attention to how to prevent and prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.

In the early stage of fruit tree planting, doing a good job in pest control can greatly reduce the work burden in the later stage.

In the process of prevention, the problem is that many fruit farmers do not pay attention to pests and diseases, and finally turn from small problems to big problems, such as small flies in citrus. Most fruit farmers do not pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the early stage of the garden, and after a long time, the degree of harm of pests and diseases will be aggravated, and they cannot be spread out of joint, so that the orchard will seriously have pests and diseases. During the orchard construction process, the system will also change, such as light, rain and temperature, etc., and if the difference is prominent, the system will change.

There may be scab, powdery mildew, rust, wilt and sheath blight. These issues are very important to fruit growers, so we must pay attention to these aspects of Xingkena when planting fruit growers.

Personally, I have learned about the number of slag plums, and there may be pesticide damage, which will also affect the yield of fruit trees, and there will be rot, if there is no way to use medicine reasonably, there will be a lot of pests and diseases.

There may be some pests and diseases, there may be leaf wilting in the middle of the sale, and there may also be fruit falling and selling. It is also possible to overspray pesticides. It is also possible to cause leaf infections with large amplitudes.

l. Qingyuan. Remove weeds and leaf litter in and around the orchard before germination, and bury or burn them. For apple and pear trees, scrape off the thick bark and warped bark of the branches before germination, and at the same time combine pruning to thoroughly cut off diseased branches, insect branches, and broken branches, and take them out of the garden for destruction.

2. Scrape the lesions. For fruit tree rot and dry rot, scrape off the lesions before germination, pay attention to scrape thoroughly, smooth edges, and scrape off the diseased tissue to clear out of the garden or bury it in situ. Then the surface of the lesion is coated with rot net, 843** agent and other medicines.

For twigs, shave off the coarse warp and apply tobuzin methyl ointment to the branches. Methyl tobuzine ointment is prepared by methyl tobuzine wettable powder and vegetable oil in the ratio of l l5 20, stirring evenly and applying it directly.

3. Apply waste engine oil. Coated with l0 cm wide sticky shellac or coated with waste engine oil at the base of the trunk can effectively prevent pests such as paramecium from harming the tree, and some systemic agents can also be used to coat the ring at the base of the trunk to control pests and diseases.

4. Spray 3-5 degree stone sulfur mixture before germination to prevent and control red spiders, two-spotted leaf mites, such as rot disease, dry rot, ring pattern disease, etc.

5. When germination is approaching, use 50% dichlorvos 200 times solution to smear the scissors, branches and other parts to kill the leaf curl moth.

6. In the early stage of larvae unearthing, the ground is sprayed with 50% phosphine, and then the soil is turned over and raked flat, or the larvae are sprinkled with 3% phosphine granules in the topsoil during the hatching period 2 kilograms of mu, which can kill the underground fruit tree pests that have just emerged.

7. Before flowering, spray insecticides and fungicides. The insecticides are mainly scale insects, red spiders, and heartworms. Fungicides are streptomycin plus mancozeb or methyl tobuzin.

In the first half of the month, the bark of mature apples and pears is scraped to remove the disease spots of the branches and the red spiders, aphids, and leaf curling moths that overwinter in the cracks in the bark. Remove scale insects on branches such as peaches, plums, and apricots.

In the first half of the month, it is mainly used to prevent and control early defoliation, anthracnose, ring disease and leaf mites and leaf curling moths, and can be sprayed with 70% methyl tobuzin 800-l000 times and Uranus emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times.

l0, to prevent the spring cold. In order to prevent or reduce the frozen buds and frozen flowers of the spring cold, 3 to 7 days before the arrival of the cold snap, the orchard sprayed urea and Ai Zengmei 2000-3000 times liquid, which can supplement the nutrition of the tree and improve the stress resistance of the tree. In addition, Aizengmei also has the effect of preserving flowers and fruits, and improving the quality of fruit shape.

Smoke can also be used to prevent cold snaps by letting smoke a few hours before the cold snap arrives. Due to the low cold snap, special attention should be paid to low-lying areas when emitting smoke.