What are the characteristics of the architectural style of the courtyard

Courtyard is a kind of traditional architecture in our country, there are all over the country, and it has a history of thousands of years, but when we talk about courtyard houses, we will think of Beijing courtyard houses, such as Prince Gong's Mansion and other houses, which are more and more famous, and there are more classic courtyard houses.

The courtyard, as the name suggests, is a house on all four sides, and a courtyard in the middle, which encloses the courtyard. Generally, it is a courtyard for one family, of course, there may not be, maybe a poor family is several families with a large yard, but it is not a large courtyard.

In fact, the courtyard house is influenced by some traditional Chinese culture, and there are some concepts of respect and inferiority, because the house in the courtyard has four directions, south, east, west, and north, because the ancient people had a view of respect and inferiority for the direction. Moreover, the courtyard is not only a place to live, it also contains a profound traditional culture, and the architectural characteristics of the courtyard are very particular about feng shui.

The building is very particular about feng shui, pay attention to some respect and humility, and now it is to pay attention to the old and young, which is the yin and yang doctrine that we have since ancient times, and ancient people always have to look at feng shui when building a house. Feng Shui, I think it should be ancient Chinese architecture. Therefore, who should live in the southeast, northwest and northwest of the courtyard, according to Feng Shui, we seem to have made a decision.

And the size of the courtyard is different, its style is also a little different, for example, the smallest one has a courtyard, and there are two into three courtyards, the larger the courtyard seems to generally live in a large family, and there are generally more rules.

Although there are some slight differences in the courtyard houses, the overall architectural characteristics are all four-sided houses, which are more procedural and easier to build, and the format of the houses is similar, that is, the difference between simplicity and complexity.

Courtyard house, also known as courtyard house, is a traditional courtyard style building in China, its pattern is a courtyard with houses built on four sides, and the courtyard is enclosed in the middle from four sides, so it is called courtyard house. The courtyard is composed of many individual buildings, including the gate, the main house, the wing room, and so on. The formal courtyard house, one household and one house, the plane layout can be large or small.

It is so small that it can only be one, and it can be as large as three or **, and it can also be built into two quadrangle courtyards with a wide courtyard. Some of the more luxurious courtyards even have gardens and rockeries. Architectural style refers to the characteristics reflected in the content and appearance of the architectural design, mainly in the original and perfect artistic conception shown in the plane layout, form composition, artistic treatment and use of techniques of the building.

China's traditional architecture, its plane is rigorous and symmetrical, the primary and secondary are distinct, the brick wall and wood beam frame structure, the cornice, the bucket, the caisson and the carved beam painting building form a unique architectural style in China. In the history of foreign architecture, ancient Greece, ancient Rome Doric, Ionic and Corinthian and other representative architectural column styles; In the Middle Ages, there was an architectural style of Gothic architecture; In the late Renaissance, there were architectural styles such as the Baroque and the delicate and cumbersome Rococo. Since the 70s of the 20th century, the garden style has become popular, and it has been hyped as a concept in Shenzhen, which is characterized by planting flowers and trees, improving greenery, and creating a garden landscape around the building through environmental planning and landscape design.

From the 90s of the 20th century to the present, the conceptual style began to become popular in the world, in fact, it is a kind of model architecture, which comes more from people's imagination, and strives to get rid of the restrictions and constraints on the building itself, and create an architectural style with strong personalized color.

The courtyard house in the north is a relatively distinctive building and has a long history. What are the architectural characteristics of the courtyard? PChouse will take you to find out.

1. The gate of the courtyard is generally opened in the southeast corner or northwest corner, the north house in the courtyard is the main house, and the main house is also built on the base of brick and stone, compared to the scale of its house, if it is the residence of the owner of the courtyard, the two sides of the courtyard are also built with east and west wings, it can be said that this is also the place where the younger generations live. There is a corridor between the main house and the side room, which also allows people to walk and rest.

2. Generally speaking, Beijing also has courtyard houses of various sizes, but no matter how big or small, this kind of house is composed of courtyards surrounded by houses on all sides. The simplest courtyard house has only one courtyard, relatively speaking, there are two or three courtyards that are more complicated, and the deep house compound where the rich and noble live is usually composed of several courtyard houses side by side.

3. Beijing courtyard houses are generally formed by the houses on the east, west, south and north sides. The Beijing Courtyard House is also the main architectural form where the old Beijingers have lived for generations, and is well-known at home and abroad.

4. The courtyard of the courtyard is wide and sparse, and the houses on all sides are also independent, and there are verandahs to connect each other, so it is also very convenient to live; The closed house can be said to make the courtyard house have a strong privacy, and this kind of heaven and earth becomes a world behind closed doors; In the courtyard, the doors on all sides are open to the courtyard, and the family is also happy and happy.

1. The courtyard house is an inner courtyard house formed by the houses on the east, west, south and north sides. The north room in the courtyard is the main house, which is built on a platform made of bricks and stones. There are east and west wings on both sides of the courtyard, which is where the younger generations live.

There is a corridor between the main house and the wing room for people to walk and rest.

2. The gate is divided into Guangliang gate, golden pillar gate, barbarian gate, Ruyi gate and so on. Symmetrical to the central axis, the door is open in the southeast direction of the south direction, not opposite to the main house, the main house sits in the north for the Kan house to lose Lu Lu, such as the Kan house must open the Xun door, Xun is the southeast direction, in the southeast direction to open the door inexhaustible financial resources.

3. The scale can be divided into three types: large quadrangle, medium quadrangle, and small quadrangle. The large quadrangle is a duplex quadrangle, which is composed of multiple quadrangle courtyards connected in depth and covers a large area.

The middle quadrangle includes five rooms in the north, three in the front and two ears, three in the east and west, and the courtyard wall is divided into the front yard and the back yard. The small quadruple consists of three rooms in the north, two wings in the east and west, and three rooms in the south.

4. It has a long history, since the Yuan Dynasty officially built the capital of Beijing, and when the capital was planned and built on a large scale, the courtyard houses and Beijing's palaces, government offices, blocks, alleys and alleys appeared at the same time. According to Xiong Mengxiang's "Analysis of Jinzhi" at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Dadu street system is called the meridian from the south to the north, and the latitude is called from the east to the west.

The street is twenty-four steps wide, three hundred and eighty-four long lanes, and twenty-nine lanes pass.

The architectural characteristics of Beijing's residential houses (courtyard houses) are as follows:

1. Formal courtyard houses, one household and one house, the plane layout can be large or small. The owner of the house can build according to the size of the land area and the number of people in the family, so small that there can be only one entry, large enough to three or **, and two quadrangle wide courtyards can also be built with a cross courtyard. The small one has 13 rooms; For the first or second hospital, there are 25 to 40 rooms.

The back wall of the wing room is a courtyard wall, and the corner is built with a bright brick wall. The large courtyard is surrounded from the outside by a wall with tall walls and no windows to show its secrecy. In terms of system, many palaces and temples were also designed and built according to the layout of the courtyard.

2. The smallest one enters the courtyard, enters the street door directly into the courtyard, runs through the central axis, the houses are single-storey, and the courtyard is surrounded by the inverted seat room, the main house and the wing room, in which the north room is the main house, the house in the east and west directions is the wing room, and the south door is open to the north, so it is called the "inverted seat house". Flowers and fruit trees are planted in the courtyard for viewing.

3. The two-entry courtyard is divided into the front yard and the back yard, and the back yard is also called the inner house. The front yard is composed of gatehouse and inverted seat room, the one that connects the front and back yard is generally the hanging flower door, some relatively simple residences use the moon gate, and the backyard is composed of the east and west wings, the main house and the verandah. There are also two-entry courtyards, such as the former residence of Mao Dun in Beijing, which does not separate the front yard from the hanging flower door, but adds a backyard behind the main house to build a back cover house for female dependents to live.

4. The complete quadrangle courtyard is a three-entry courtyard, the first courtyard is the narrow courtyard where the inverted seat house is lived in before the hanging flower door, the second courtyard is composed of a wing room, a main room, a verandah, the main room and the wing room can also be added to the ear room, the third courtyard is the rear cover room after the main house, and a door is opened in the ear room of the landlord side, connecting the second and third courtyards.

In the whole courtyard, the old man lives in the north room (upper room), the middle is the large living room (middle hall room), the eldest son lives in the east room, the second son lives in the west room, the servant lives in the inverted seat room, and the daughter lives in the backyard, which does not affect each other. This also reflects the influence of traditional Chinese culture and philosophy.

5. There are many combinations of four good and five entering the hospital, usually in the form of "front hall and back bed". The first courtyard is the same as the third courtyard, the second courtyard is the hall room and the east and west wing rooms used externally, and then set up a hanging flower door, the third courtyard is formed between the hall room and this hanging flower door, and the first courtyard where the main house and the wing room are located after the hanging flower door is the main courtyard, which is the main courtyard.

If there is a rear cover room in the back, it constitutes the fifth courtyard. There are also a row of south houses built on the north side of the inverted house, and the composition of ** or five courtyards.

6. The largest depth of the Beijing courtyard is the distance between the two hutongs, about 77 meters, and some of the more luxurious courtyards even have gardens and rockeries.

According to Feng Shui, the southwest is the "land of five ghosts", and the toilet can be used to contain the white tiger with filth, from a practical point of view, the toilet is built in the southwest to adapt to the northwest-east to know the south wind direction, which can prevent the odor from spreading in the courtyard.