Regarding the true and false Shangshu, what happened to the forged Shangshu in the end?

Shangshu is originally a "book of antiquity" and is the earliest important historical document in China to be compiled into an important historical document. There are three kinds of "Shangshu" that we can see now: "Jinwen Shangshu", "Ancient Wenshangshu", and "Pseudo-ancient Shangshu".

The ancient text of Shangshu is written in the Zhou text earlier than the small seal, it is the text written in the pre-Qin Dynasty, after the Western Han Dynasty, it has appeared several times, there are Kongbi Ben, Hejian Xianwang Ben, Du Lin Ben and so on. The wall of the hole, from the wall of the Confucian house, the king of the river, is the king of the river in the folk income, Du Lin is the Eastern Han Dynasty Du Lin obtained the lacquer book "Ancient Wen Shangshu" a volume.

The pseudo-"Ancient Wenshangshu", also known as the pseudo-Confucian book, has been handed down to this day and is the most popular book of the later generations of "Shangshu". Emperor Mei Ji of the Eastern Jin Dynasty dedicated a cloth inscribed as Kong Anguo's "Biography" of the "Ancient Texts and Books", a total of 58 articles. Among them, the new article and the "Biography of Kong Anguo" are forgeries of the Jin people.

However, due to the fact that Tang Lu Deming's "Classic Commentary" and the official "Five Classics of Justice" both used the "pseudo-Confucian text", it has been inherited and passed down to this day.

The 25 extra articles in the pseudo "Ancient Texts and Books" are called "Pseudo Ancient Texts", the so-called "Confucian Biography of the 2nd Kingdom", and the book "Pseudo Confucian Biography" is called "Pseudo Confucian Books" or "Pseudo Ancient Texts and Books", which is a fake book and a strange book. As long as we know the pseudo-Confucian text, the pseudo-Confucian "Biography" was written by the Jin Dynasty, and while pointing out its forgery, we should regard it as a Jin Dynasty document rather than a Han Dynasty document, and should not blindly reject it.

The pseudo-Confucian "Biography" brings together the interpretation of the "Shangshu" by ancient scriptures in the past 400 years since Kong Anguo, which is a very high achievement in the study of the "Shangshu", and we only need to distinguish that it is the achievement of the Jin people rather than the achievements of the Han people, so that we can fully understand and make use of its value; In fact, the "pseudo-ancient texts" bring together many contents of the original Shangshu that were quoted from the 800 years from the pre-Qin "Zuo Chuan" to the Wei and Jin dynasties, and combine, arrange, and perfunctory. In this sense, the 25 "pseudo-ancient texts" are not a way for us to peek into the 100 pre-Qin texts of the Shangshu.

The fabricated Shangshu refers to the "Shangshu" literature forged by the Qi State Minister Shi Ying, who was later invented as a forgery. In the end, this fabricated Shangshu was thought to be a fake and was not officialized.

According to the Records of the Historians, Shi Ying was rejected for proposing a change to the law, and in order to confirm his own political practice, he fabricated a Shangshu document and declared it to be the political clever book of modern sages. However, this fabricated Shangshu was questioned and not denied by the rest of the kingdoms. In Khan Qing, this forged Shangshu did not have an essential impact on political and current affairs, and was not officially accepted in the end.

Shangshu is one of the main documents of modern China, and is regarded as the imperial suspicion of powerful giants in politics, merit, and sweat, with a high civilization and sweat and green price. Dealing with the act of fabricating Shangshu, Khan Qing scholars and civilization scholars widely thought that it was an immoral and law-abiding move, and it had a bad impact on the Chinese and Han civilizations, Khan Qing and moral costs in dealing with the Hui Protector and the socks inheritance.

According to historical records, the forged jujube is a "Shangshu" that refers to the forged "Shangshu" forged by Cao Shuzhen, one of the nine Qings during the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, the forged Shangshu was discovered, and he was charged with serious crimes and eventually executed.

According to the research of historians, Cao Shuzhen's forgery of the Book of Shang was influenced by the social and political environment and ideological atmosphere of the time. Ancient feudal societies attached great importance to the concept of the "Mandate of Heaven", and the rulers legitimized their dominance by borrowing the power of the "Mandate of Heaven".

Considering that Cao Shuzhen was the king of Zhou Xuan, in order to strengthen his legitimacy, he forged the "Book of Shang" to show that the Zhou family had received the mandate of heaven earlier. However, this behavior was considered deceptive and deviated from the values of cherishing Chinese culture and valuing history, so it was punished extremely severely.

In short, the history of the forgery of Shangshu has left us with a revelation that it is wrong to forge something that is not originally there for any purpose and motive, and it will bring serious consequences and negative effects to society and individuals.

The forged Shangshu refers to the situation in which part of the content of the historical book "Shangshu" of the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period was forged or modified. In the end, these forged Shangshu were rearranged by Emperor Guangwu in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and summarized into versions such as "Shangshu Justice" and "Shangshu Dazhuan", and were included in the official history. Under the collation and revision of Emperor Guangwu, the status of the Shanghe Xigaoshu has been improved, providing an important basis for the research and application of later generations.

At the same time, it also enlightens people that history should be based on truth, not falsified or tampered with, and maintain the integrity and authority of historical books.

The forged Shangshu refers to Yu Shinan's forged "The Great Biography of Shangshu", which was ** during the Tang Dynasty. Yu Shinan added a large number of his own commentaries and opinions to the "Book of Shang", which is known as the righteous words of the "Book of Shang".

However, the Tang Dynasty scholar Liu Zhiji pointed out in the book "Shangshu Genealogy" that this book is a forgery, not the original text in the "Shangshu". After that, many scholars studied and analyzed the "Great Biography of Shangshu", and finally recognized that the "Great Biography of Shangshu" written by Ding Yu Shinan was a fake recitation.

Subsequently, "The Great Biography of Shangshu" was labeled as a forgery because it was considered a forgery, and it lost its value in history. Although the book has some reference value for historical research, it is generally regarded as of limited value today because its authenticity is questionable.

Shangshu is not a forgery, and the Shangshu is divided into two different versions: modern and ancient, which is a lesson learned from the predecessors.

Not a fake book. Shangshu, also known as "Shu" or "Shujing", is the first classical collection and the earliest historical document of the Chinese nation, which is mainly based on memorization. From Yao Shun to Xia Shang Zhou, it spans more than 2,000 years of historical documents. It is a testable record of the "Three Tombs and Five Classics".

Shangshu is listed as one of the Confucian classics, "Shang" means "Shang", and "Shangshu" is the book of antiquity, which is a compilation of ancient Chinese historical documents and some works that recount ancient deeds.

"Shangshu" means the book of antiquity, one of the five classics of the four books and five classics in China, and is the most reliable and earliest important material for the study of ancient history in China. In addition, Sima Qian's deeds quote a lot of the content of this book, which fully affirms the historical value of Shangshu. No matter how good the history book is, it can find faults, and I think Shangshu is still credible.

The Book of Shang has been the basis for rulers to govern the country in the past, but recently, many people have called the Book of Shang, which has been circulated for thousands of years, a "fake book", because some experts have seen the true appearance of the Book of Shang, which has been lost for many years.

Because the legend of "Jinwen Shangshu" was handed down by the Qin and Han Dynasty doctors Fu Sheng, and was written in the words of the time, in fact, "Wenhou's Life", "Fei Oath" and "Qin Oath" are Spring and Autumn historical materials, and "Yao Dian", "Gao Taomo" and "Yu Gong" are ancient historical materials compiled by the Warring States Period.

The "Shangshu" that has been circulated for thousands of years is a "fake book" because the current "Shangshu" was written by later generations, which is very different from the original.

Many scholars of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties in China have questions about the book "Shangshu" dedicated by Mei Chen. Some scholars believe that "the Shangshu is true only if the modern text is recited by Fusheng, and the ancient text from the Confucian wall is all a post-Confucian forgery." However, some scholars believe that the extant ancient text "Shangshu" may have been based on the sporadic fragmentation and simplification transmitted after the Qin Huo, and supplemented it.

In 2008, a group of precious bamboo slips ("Tsinghua Janes") acquired by Tsinghua University found many of the "Shangshu" manuscripts before the book was burned. Some of the articles such as "Golden Silk", "Kanghe", and "Gu Ming" have been handed down, but there are many differences in the sentences, and even the titles are different. More chapters than ever before.

For example, the famous passage "Fu Shuo's Life" in the "Book of Shang", that is, the "Saying the Destiny" quoted in the pre-Qin literature, is not the same as the pseudo-ancient texts handed down. After expert certification, there is a genuine "Shangshu" in this batch of Tsinghua Jian, which has been lost for many years, which proves that the ancient "Shangshu" that has been handed down for more than 2,000 years is indeed a "fake book".