What is epistemology and what is knowledge?

The definition of knowledge refers to the achievement of understanding the objective world in practice.

Knowledge. Pinyin: [ zhī shi].

Explanation] The sum total of the knowledge and experience that people have gained in the practice of transforming the world. Refers to academic and cultural aspects.

synonyms] learning, common sense.

antonym] ignorance.

Knowledge. Pinyin [ xué wen ].

Explanation] (name) refers to the knowledge acquired through study and practice. systematic knowledge that correctly reflects objective things; Science.

synonyms] knowledge, learning, common sense.

Tonight, I will briefly talk about what is the Theory of Knowledge - Zhu Chunlei.

Theory of knowledge is an important branch of philosophy, and its counterpart is ontology.

To explain simply, "the history of the model society is the history of constantly understanding and transforming the world", this sentence is all too familiar to everyone. The "knowing" and "world" in "knowing the world" are the contents of the study of epistemology and ontology respectively.

The specific questions to be studied in epistemology include: 1. The nature of knowledge; 2. How to acquire knowledge; 3. Types of knowledge; 4；hierarchy of knowledge;

The theory of knowledge is different from the concept of knowledge, which mainly studies the value of knowledge. For example, learning is useless and zero points are a kind of knowledge view; Logic is more important than other knowledge, and it is also the concept of knowledge.

Let me introduce epistemology and ontology: For example, if you want to "know the world", do you focus on the "method of knowing" or "what is the world"? i.e. epistemology first, or ontology first?

The answer is undoubtedly the former. However, it is really the weakness of ancient Chinese philosophy here. The breadth of knowledge accumulated by ancient Chinese philosophy far exceeds that of the West, that is, we know a lot about the "world", but we have accumulated very little about "how to know".

Shennong tasted the herbs, and we finally knew about the herbs, but Shennong didn't know how to taste them.

Therefore, Chinese culture is basically separated from science and technology, while Western philosophy has become the guide of science and technology.

Western philosophy has always taken the Theory of Knowledge as the core, and China has always taken the Theory of Facts as the core, so our philosophy has lagged behind. There is a great man, Zhang Dongsun, a professor in the Department of Philosophy at Tsinghua University, who was the first to stand up and call for the theory of knowledge first. Regarding this person, you can take a look at it, it was very miserable, he died in Qincheng Prison.

But without him, it can be said that we don't know how to extract knowledge today.

There is another person, Jin Yuelin, who wrote "Theory of Knowledge".

Clearly, knowledge is a core element of curriculum and instruction. It is too difficult to read Jin Yuelin's "Theory of Knowledge" and Zhang Dongsun's "Theory of Knowledge", and everyone can't finish reading it in a year, so I recommend a book, Pan Hongjian's "Theory of Teaching Knowledge", and I will recommend Yan Yajun, Pan Xinmin, Cheng Zhongying and other teachers in the future.

That's all for tonight, and I ask the question: What is knowledge of knowledge? Freely.

The theory of knowledge is the knowledge of knowledge.

The theory of knowledge is philosophy, but philosophy also includes axiology, aesthetics, etc., which are not knowledge of knowledge.

The specific questions to be studied in epistemology include: 1. The nature of knowledge; 2. How to acquire knowledge; 3. Types of knowledge; 4；hierarchy of knowledge; — This passage is the knowledge of knowledge.

Well, with these four questions of this knowledge, you can extract the knowledge of lead rushing.

This afternoon, I said in the training housekeeper that the internal logic of knowledge and the external connection with the objective world determine the objectivity of knowledge.

Let's not be in a hurry, today we know that there is a "Theory of Knowledge", which is about how to extract knowledge, just that!

The primacy of knowledge is marking, that is, the description and definition at the sensory level, and what can be described can be transmitted and reproduced.

The second nature of knowledge is the trade-off, that is, there are judgments of beauty and ugliness, likes and dislikes because of descriptions, and there are different ways of expressing the same thing, and participating in the subjective will of the individual.

The third nature of knowledge is creation, synthesis after comparison, generalization after classification, abstraction of materials, materialization of images, and acting on objective things or subjective spirits to produce a positive impact that is, change, such as more refined feelings, smoother movements, and less friction or transaction costs.

From the point of view of creativity, all the knowledge that stays in the book or the concept is not reliable, all the mechanical memory or only the learning of the test score is not long, if you can not feel the exploration and feelings of the people behind the knowledge, most of the knowledge learned is lacking vitality, although the knowledge in the textbook is systematic and logical self-consistent, but it is a shortcut to the summary and self-righteousness of later generations, in fact, a lot of knowledge is accidental, inherited, mutated, contextualized, While deliberately shielding the path of thinking of the original knowledge of the nuclear scattered knowledge, it also stifles the possibility of future generations approaching the original thinking, as if knowledge is the original, everything is ready-made, self-explanatory, as long as it is copied and learned, the so-called shortcut is actually complex and simplistic, and the cause and effect determine the accident, which is to dismember the knowledge, replace the systematic with reductionism, and need to know, the creativity of all knowledge is first of all the creativity of the learner, and the origin of this creativity is chaotic, and it is the complementarity and synthesis of a variety of knowledge. and the concentration of aspirations and interests as sufficient conditions.

The fourth nature of knowledge is acquisition, in hand, contemplation, the mind knows, is not only from the inside to the outside of the active acquisition, but also from the outside to the inside of the guidance and inspiration, often lost in the internal and external imbalance, asymmetry, but also from the bottom up of the system construction, and from the top to the bottom of the body and use of the combination, often lost in the upper and lower structure of the fault line, in any case, the acquisition of knowledge is the individual consciousness and practice, continuous internalization and expansion of the process, so it is different from the age, no one foot.

The tragedy lies in the fact that the pursuit of equality in knowledge is reduced to the simplification of knowledge, the pursuit of fairness in education is reduced to the non-discrimination of knowledge, and the human being is an end rather than a means, which is always a problem.

1. The difference between information and knowledge: Belief and disadvantage are the reflection of the characteristics of various things in the objective world, and the communicable knowledge of objective facts. Knowledge is the traces left by information that reflects various things entering people's brains and acting on nerve cells.

Knowledge is formed by information.

2. The connection of information and knowledge: In the management process, the interpretation of the same data may be different for each person, and its impact on decision-making may be different. As a result, decision-makers use the processed data to make decisions, which may or may not succeed, and the key here is whether the data is interpreted correctly, i.e.:

Whether knowledge is correctly used to interpret the data to obtain accurate information.

Analysis of technological developments.

From the traditional telegraph, radio, television to today's mobile (mobile phone), fax, satellite communication, these new, everyone's modern communication methods have greatly improved the transmission efficiency of data and rented information.

As a result, the work that used to be done by professional telecommunications departments can be directly and conveniently completed by the staff of the administrative and business department offices. Communication technology has become the supporting technology of office automation.