The world s earliest botanical work, the earliest botanical work

The Southern Herbaceous is the earliest extant local flora in China. Written by Ji Han of the Jin Dynasty. It came out in 304 AD. There are three volumes, including upper, middle and lower, which are divided into four categories: grass, wood, fruit and bamboo.

"Flowers, Fruits, Flowers and Trees Quanfang Beizu" is the oldest systematic botanical dictionary in China and even in the world. Compiled by the Southern Song Dynasty scholar Chen Jingyi. It was written in 1256.

The book consists of 58 volumes, divided into fruits, flowers, plants, mulberry, vegetables and medicines. After the book was published, the rest of the original was lost. The only surviving original is preserved in the Imperial Household Agency of Japan.

In October 1979, the Imperial Household Agency of Japan presented a photocopy of the book to our group.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: Please explain the historical facts?

Analysis: The earliest plants.

Who are the ancestors of the many green plants that live on the earth today? The study of geological history tells us that it is cyanobacteria. It was the first green plant to appear on Earth.

The earliest known fossils of cyanobacteria are found in paleosedimentary rocks in South Africa. This is evidence that there was life on Earth 3.4 billion years ago. The appearance of ancient cyanobacteria is somewhat similar to that of modern cyanococcus.

The emergence of cyanobacteria is a huge leap forward in the evolutionary history of plants. Because cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll, they can produce nutrients and reproduce independently. The lush trees, lush crops, and beautiful flowers on the earth today are all developed from the lower algae after hundreds of millions of billions of years of evolution.

The earliest plant to appear in the history of the earth was cyanobacteria, which was the first green plant to appear on the earth. The earliest known fossils of cyanobacteria were found in paleosedimentary rocks in South Africa. This is evidence that there was life on Earth 3.4 billion years ago.

The appearance of ancient cyanobacteria is somewhat similar to that of modern basketball algae. The emergence of cyanobacteria is a huge leap forward in the evolutionary history of plants. Because cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll, which can produce nutrients and reproduce independently.

Today's lush trees, flourishing crops, and beautiful flowers on the earth are all developed from lower algae after hundreds of millions of billions of years of evolution.

Expansion: Blue-green algae, also known as blue-green algae, is a large single-celled prokaryotic organism with a long history of evolution, negative Gram staining, flagella, chlorophyll a, but no chloroplasts (different from eukaryotes and early wheeled algae), and can carry out oxygen-producing photosynthesis. The differences with photosynthetic bacteria are:

Photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodospira) carry out relatively primitive photosynthetic phosphorylation, and do not release oxygen during the reaction process, and are anaerobic organisms, while cyanobacteria can carry out photosynthesis and release oxygen. Its development has caused the entire earth's atmosphere to develop from an anaerobic state to an aerobic state, thus giving birth to the evolution and development of all aerobic organisms. So far, more than 120 species of cyanobacteria have the ability to fix nitrogen, especially the aquatic fern Manjianghong, which is symbiotic with Anabaena azollae, which is a good green manure.

"Quanfang Beizu".

Quan Fang Bei Zu is a collection of flower works in the Song Dynasty, and the famous scholar Mr. Wu Deduo first praised it as "the world's earliest botanical dictionary".

The book is divided into two episodes. The first set of 27 volumes, for the flower part, is divided into various flowers. For example, there are about 120 kinds of "plum blossoms" in volume 1, "peony" in volume 2, "peony" in volume 3, and so on.

The latter set has 31 volumes, divided into 7 parts, including nine volumes of fruits, three volumes of Hui, one volume of grass, six volumes of wood, three volumes of agriculture and mulberry, five volumes of vegetables, and four volumes of medicine. More than 150 species of plants have been described.

Under the various plants, it is divided into three parts, one is the "de facto ancestor", which is divided into fragments, minutes, and miscellaneous works, which record various documents and materials seen in ancient and modern books; The first is "Fu Yongzu", which is divided into five words and eight sentences, seven words and eight sentences, five words and eight sentences, five words and eight sentences, five words and eight sentences, five words and seven words and quatrains, and ten eyes, collecting poems, words, songs, and fu related to literati and ink writers. The first is "Le Fu Zu", which includes relevant words and is titled by word plates.

2.5 billion years ago (Proterozoic), the earliest plants in the history of the earth belonged to fungi and algae, and then algae flourished for a time. It wasn't until 438 million years ago (Silurian period) that green algae broke free from the constraints of the water environment and landed on the earth for the first time, evolving into ferns, adding green to the earth for the first time. 360 million years ago (Carboniferous), ferns became extinct, replaced by lycopodiums, cuneiformes, euferns and seed ferns, forming swampy forests.

The main plants of the Paleozoic era were almost completely extinct 248 million years ago (Triassic), and gymnosperms began to emerge, evolved pollen tubes, and completely broke away from their dependence on water, forming dense forests. 145 million years ago (Cretaceous) angiosperms (flowering plants) began to appear, and developed rapidly in the late period, replacing gymnosperms, forming the angiosperm era that continues to this day. Modern types of pine, cypress, and even metasequoias, redwoods, etc., were created during this period.