Please elaborate on what are the main ideas of Zhuangzi?

Zhuangzi (c. 369-286 BC) said, "I would rather be happy in the midst of desecration than be bound by those who have a state." Never for life, to be quick with my ambition".

Zhuangzi is a philosopher with fine observation and quick thinking, and at the same time, he is also a poet and writer with rich imagination, elegant feelings, and romantic temperament. "Zhuangsheng Dream Butterfly" integrates the universe and the philosophy of life, and is a visual philosophical exposition of the universe, life and other issues from the perspective of human individual existence.

Zhuang Zhou once dreamed of being a butterfly, fluttering, and didn't know that he was Zhuang Zhou. woke up suddenly, and he was clearly Zhuang Zhou. So is Zhuang Zhou's dream a butterfly, or is a butterfly's dream a butterfly?

True dreams and real are inseparable, dreams can be true, real can also be dreams, maybe life is also a dream, and even dreams in dreams. This is actually a kind of relativism, which is intended to point out that the existence and change of all things, including the so-called existence and absence, size, right and wrong, life and death, high and low, rich and poor, and so on, are limited, partial, uncertain, and meaningless. Because "everything is not made and destroyed, but it is restored into one" ("The Theory of All Things").

Only by spiritually transcending the unreal phenomenal world and freeing ourselves from the shackles and limitations of finite things can we achieve the state of "heaven and earth co-exist with me, and all things are one with me" (The Theory of All Things).

"Zhuang Zhou's Dream Butterfly" seems to be a dream, but in fact it embodies Zhuangzi's profound philosophical thoughts, which is the personalized embodiment of Zhuangzi as a philosopher, a writer and a poet.

The main ideas of Zhuangzi include the thirty-three chapters of the Zhuangzi, which are divided into the Inner Chapter, the Outer Chapter, and the Miscellaneous Chapter. Seven of the "Inner Chapters" are the works of Zhuang Zhou, and the "Outer Chapters" and "Miscellaneous Chapters" include the works of Zhuangzi Houxue.

Li Shengzhong (original screen name: Li Shengzhong 2015).

May 15, 2020 08:24:40

The thoughts of Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi.

The core idea of Zhuangzi is "Tao", Zhuangzi is a representative of the Taoist school, and the essence of his thought is to advocate "morality".

Politically, Zhuangzi advocated the rule of inaction. The reason for this is that happiness can only be approached when everything is free and free, and the more control there is, the more rules there are, the more we lose ourselves, and the more we lose our happiness. Therefore, any unnatural rules suppress people's happiness.

Zhuangzi advocated the pursuit of freedom and detachment in life. He believes that human beings are different from each other, and that the so-called universal morality is nothing more than cutting down on the proper performance and suppressing the natural nature of human beings. Everything has its own nature, and it doesn't matter how high or low.

As long as they are each fully and freely exercising their natural abilities, they are equally happy.

Zhuangzi's ideological propositions: 1. The philosophical thought of idealism; 2.the political proposition of "doing nothing in the world"; 3.The pursuit of freedom and detachment in life.

Zhuangzi was a thinker, philosopher, and writer in the middle of the Warring States period. The surname is Zhuang, the name is Zhou, the Song State is a Mongolian person, and the ancestor is the Song monarch Song Daigong. He was a representative of the Taoist school after Laozi, and founded an important philosophical school in China, Zhuangxue. and Lao Tzu together called "Lao Zhuang".

Zhuangzi believes that "Tao" is an objective and true existence, and "Tao" is the origin of all things in the universe. "Zhuangzi Let the King" say that the essence and essence of the Great Dao are used for self-cultivation, its remnants are used to govern the country, and its dross is used to educate the world. "Zhuangzi Qiushui" also said, don't destroy nature for the sake of artificiality, don't destroy your life for the sake of the world, don't sacrifice fame and fortune for greed, and abide by the way of heaven without departing from it, this is to return to the basics.

He believed that the "Tao" is infinite, "self-rooted" and "omnipresent", emphasizing the self-generation and self-transformation of things, denying the existence of God's mastership, and proposing "the whole world is one breath and ears" and "the gathering of people's vitality, gathering is life, and scattering is death." ”

Relativity. Zhuangzi believes that things are always relative and mutually beneficial, that is, everything has both positive and negative aspects that are both opposed to each other and interdependent. Zhuangzi also recognized that the change of things is always transformed into its opposites, and that all things in the universe, although they are very different, are all the same in the end, and there is no difference.

He argues that it is difficult, even impossible, to determine the criteria for cognition, because any cognition will be limited by specific conditions, by time and space.

Wandering thoughts. In the seven inner chapters, the wandering world is almost the core idea. The connotation of the idea of wandering is quite complex.

On the one hand, Zhuangzi uses a deliberately cynical attitude to inherit the hermit's tradition of gloomy mood to narrate Duan Qiao, that is, to despise reality and avoid contradictions, to protect a weak desire for survival. On the other hand, Zhuangzi believes that in such a dark background, a personal way out in the traditional sense of the hermit is simply impossible. Therefore, Zhuangzi simply carried out a deliberately irresponsible attitude towards the game to the end, not only treating the real world in a game, but also treating personal life and death in a game, and treating all possible expectations in life in a game.

Political ideology. In politics, if Confucius is "knowing that it cannot be done", Laozi is "doing nothing" and "doing", then Zhuangzi is "not doing". Although Lao Tzu still "does nothing", he still wants to rule the world, and all the theory of "ruling by doing nothing" is actually the theory of "the world".

Zhuangzi, on the other hand, is from the theory of "non-action" that people are in nothingness, and his theory of "doing nothing in the world" is obviously the theory of "birth". But like Lao Tzu, Zhuangzi did not really forget about politics, but was concerned about the world.

First of all, Zhuangzi is a famous Chinese writer. The appearance of the Zhuangzi document marks that during the Warring States Period, China's philosophical thought and literary language developed to a very high level, and it is a treasure among the ancient Chinese classics. Therefore, Zhuangzi is not only a famous thinker in the history of Chinese philosophy, but also an outstanding writer in the history of Chinese literature.

Whether it is in philosophical thought or literary language, he has had a far-reaching and tremendous influence on the thinkers and writers of all generations in our country, and has a very important position in the history of literature of our country's ideological cadres.

Secondly, Zhuangzi attributed the root of the universe to the "Tao". In his view, the things that human sensibility, reason, and reason can perceive and speculate must be relative and limited, such as life and death, right and wrong, gain and loss, good and evil, noble and low, honor and disgrace, size, beauty and ugliness, etc., are all prejudices in people's hearts, which are caused by people being blinded by limited cognitive ability. "From a Taoist point of view, there is no distinction between high and low; From the point of view of things, self-esteem and inferiority; From the ordinary, nobility is not oneself.

From the point of view of differences, because what is big and big, everything is not big; Because of it, it is small, and everything is not small. Knowing the world is a grain of rice, knowing that the tail of the hair is a mountain, and the distance is very close. ”

Zhuangzi opposed material slavery and pursued independence of personality. It is precisely because people are excessively pursuing fame and fortune and then enslaved by material things that he advocates that people should pursue spiritual freedom and personality independence. In order to truly achieve the perfection, independence and freedom of the personality, it is necessary to get rid of the excessive dependence of life on material things.

Neither will he change his ambition because of the pursuit of fame and fortune outside his body, nor will he become vulgar because of his barren life, but Tan Ling is truly free from material desires, detached from things, and not bound by the world.

In addition, Zhuangzi also advocated conforming to nature and respecting objective laws. After reading Death of Chaos, I was deeply moved. Among them, chaos symbolizes underdeveloped nature, but Su Hesu does not understand the essence and truth, and resolutely acts according to subjective judgment, so that the chaos that opens the seven knots dies.

Zhuangzi cleverly expressed his thoughts of "pure non-action" and "going with the flow", which should be adapted to local conditions and carefully considered. According to the situation of chaos itself, that is, respecting the laws of natural development, there will not be such an undesirable result.