Introduce Jupiter and Mercury, be auspicious

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Mercury is characterized by almost the same density as Earth, water sources, and ultra-high temperatures.

1. The density is almost the same as that of the earth.

Known as the "second Earth", Mercury is a terrestrial planet made of rock on the outside about 4,880 kilometers in diameter, almost the same density as Earth, and its inner core is thought to be a huge iron core covering three-quarters of Mercury's radius.

2. Contains water sources.

As the first human probe to enter orbit around Mercury, the Courier made many important discoveries, such as confirming scientists' long-standing suspicion that Mercury's Arctic region is home to billions of tons of water ice.

3. Ultra-high temperature.

Mercury can reach temperatures of up to 430 degrees Celsius during the day and as low as minus 170 degrees Celsius at night, with a temperature difference of 600 degrees Celsius between day and night.

It is quite correct that Venus and Mercury will only appear in the east before sunrise and in the west after sunset. When Jupiter, Saturn, and Mars are in opposition, they are visible all night, but if they are not opposition, they will not be visible all night, and will only be visible for part of the night. Venus is extremely bright (magnitude minus 4), the brightest celestial body outside of the Sun and the Moon, and it is already very prominent after sunset or when there is still half light and half darkness the day before sunrise, as long as you have a little stargazing experience, you will have no problem identifying Venus.

And Mercury has little chance to see in Hong Kong, China, because we can only see Mercury a few days before and after the elongation, and it is too close to the sun to see it, when it can be seen, it is already in a very low position, Hong Kong, China has too many high-rise buildings and mountains, and sometimes even if the sky is clear, there are still clouds or haze in the sky near the horizon, if you don't calculate the date and time, when the weather is good, go to an unobstructed place, you can't see it. Even if you see it, it is some distance away from the brightness of Venus, so it should not confuse Venus and Mercury. (I've only seen Mercury a few times in the last twenty years.) Jupiter is also a very bright celestial body (magnitude minus 2), and sometimes people confuse Venus and Jupiter, Jupiter is mainly dull white, the light is stable, and it is not as bright as Venus.

Saturn, i.e., most of the time, is darker than Jupiter, with the main difference being that it has a slightly yellow color. For a month or two, you can see Venus, Saturn and Jupiter at the same time after dark, Venus is the brightest star in the west, Saturn is above Venus, Jupiter is the brightest star in the east, and to the left of Antares (a red star) in Scorpio, you can try to find them, pay attention to their discrimination, as long as you look at more, it is not difficult to distinguish. If you are not sure, you can look up the star map on the Internet and know their location and nearby stars, so that you can easily recognize them with certainty.

1. Jupiter is a gas giant, accounting for 70% of the mass of all planets in the solar system, mainly composed of hydrogen, accounting for 75% of its total mass, followed by helium, accounting for 25% of the total mass, and the core contains other heavier elements.

2. Jupiter is known as a flexible fat man due to its rapid rotation (one rotation is 9 earth hours) and an oblate sphere (a slight but obvious bulge near the equator). The outer atmosphere is clearly divided into zones according to latitude, and the margins where each zone is connected are prone to turbulence and storms, the most notable example being the Great Red Spot.

3. Jupiter's mass is times the mass of the other planets in the solar system combined, and because its mass is so huge, the center of mass of the solar system falls outside the surface of the sun, from the solar center of the solar radius.

4. There are aurora lights at the poles of Jupiter, which are formed by the material erupted by volcanoes on Europa and entering Jupiter's atmosphere along Jupiter's gravitational lines. Jupiter has rings, a common feature of the giant planets of the solar system, which is mainly composed of materials such as black gravel and snow masses. Jupiter's rings are difficult to observe and are not as spectacular as Saturn's, but they can be divided into four circles.

5. Jupiter's magnetic field is 14 times stronger than that of Earth, ranging from Gauss at the equator to 10 to 14 Gauss in the polar regions, making it the strongest magnetic field in the solar system (except for sunspots). The volcano in the Io moon releases large amounts of sulfur dioxide, forming a gas ring along the satellite's orbit. These gases are ionized within the magnetosphere to form ions of sulfur and oxygen.

There is no water on Jupiter, there is no life.

Jupiter is much farther from the Sun than Earth, it receives much less solar radiation, and the surface temperature is naturally much lower. According to the calculations, the surface temperature of Jupiter should be minus 168 degrees Celsius. However, the observed temperature on the ground was minus 139 degrees Celsius, which was nearly 30 degrees Celsius different from the calculated value, which could not have been caused by an error in any way.

Having a probe take measurements near Jupiter should be more accurate. When Pioneer 11 flew by Jupiter in December 1974, the measured surface temperature of Jupiter was minus 148 degrees Celsius, which is still much higher than the theoretical value, indicating that Jupiter has its own internal heat source.