What are the characteristics of the Hakka language, what are the characteristics of the Hakka people

1. The virtues of being practical, diligent and thrifty, and working hard;

2. Loyalty, strength, indomitable, and full of the spirit of resistance;

3. Remembering the ancestors, the virtue of loving the country and the hometown;

4. The spirit of unity and struggle.

5. The spirit of advocating literature and martial arts, the fashion of being kind and benevolent, the spirit of hard work, pioneering and enterprising, the courage to take risks, unity and progress, and the spirit of independence and self-improvement.

6. Pioneering, advocating literature, patriotism, hard work and pragmatism;

7. Self-reliance and hard work;

8. Respect teachers and education, love knowledge;

9. Hard-working, pioneering and enterprising;

10. Pay attention to the family, husband and wife help each other, and brothers are harmonious; Love the country and love the homeland, and never forget the ancestors.

The origin of the Hakka people:

The ancestors of the Hakka people originated from the Central Plains and migrated from the Central Plains to the southern provinces, mainly living in the eastern part of Guangdong, the northern part of Fujian, and the southern part of Jiangxi. It is an important branch of the Han nationality in southern China.

On the one hand, the Hakka culture retains the mainstream characteristics of the Central Plains culture, and on the other hand, it accommodates the cultural essence of the local ethnic group. The Hakka people often follow the example of those talented men to inspire and educate their children and grandchildren, and learn from their predecessors who have made meritorious achievements.

First of all, Hakka dialect has 17 initials, 74 finals, and 6 tones of Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Shang Sheng, Go Sheng, Yin In, and Yang In.

Compared with the other two dialects of Guangdong, the Cantonese dialect and the southern Hokkien dialect, Hakka is the closest to Mandarin. Especially when reading written words in Hakka, northerners can basically understand it.

Although the Hakka people speak the common Hakka dialect, because they are widely distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Qiong, Taiwan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces and regions, there are also differences in pronunciation and vocabulary in various places. For this reason, the Hakka dialect uses Meixian dialect as the standard pronunciation.

This is not only because the Meixian area is one of the main areas inhabited by the Hakka people, with a concentrated population and developed culture, but also because most of the overseas Chinese who migrated overseas in the fourth and fifth Hakka migrations and emigrated overseas also moved out of the Meixian area.

Secondly, in Hakka, there are many images, vivid sayings, proverbs, and afterwords. Hakka proverbs reflect certain concepts and consciousness of the Hakka people, and reflect the sentiments and spiritual realm of the Hakka people.

As the saying goes: "If you don't listen to the old man, you will suffer in front of you." "The Hakka sages used the accumulation of wisdom and experience to create thought-provoking proverbs.

For example, "people die to leave their names, tigers die to leave their skins", "people's hearts are higher than the sky, and the emperor wants to be immortals", "don't read, blind eyes", "reading loves to concentrate, a word is worth a thousand gold", "you have a spring breeze, there is a summer rain at a lifetime", "scold each other and don't help each other, fight each other and don't help each other", "sit lazy, sleep into a disease", "a single filament does not form a line, a single tree does not become a forest", "shouting and beating tigers during the day, and being afraid of mice at night" and so on.

On the other hand, there is a certain degree of interoperability between Hakka dialects in different regions. There are similarities within the Hakka dialect, as well as huge differences. 75% of Hakka dialects, including Meixian dialect, Huiyang dialect, Sixian dialect, etc., can be understood.

Due to the strong local characteristics of the Hakka language, there are Pingyuan, Dapu, Jiaoling, Xingning, Wuhua, Fengshun and other counties surrounding Meixian, and almost every county has its own characteristics and can be regarded as an independent dialect.

The fragmentation of Hakka dialect, the mainland, Taiwan, and overseas are not unified. The division of Taiwanese Hakka dialect is based on the dialect and origin of the Hakka people who immigrated to Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty.

Characteristics of Hakka dialect: 1. Phonetically, there are many aspirated sounds, ancient voiced initials, regardless of flat sounds, most of them are read as aspirated and clear. 2. In the lexical grammar of Fang He Chong, the most obvious thing is that a large number of ancient Chinese words are retained.

3. Hakka dialect is quite different from Mandarin in the addition of syllables after adjectives, the characteristics of verb-object collocation, comparative sentences, and disposition sentences.

Hakka dialect generally refers to Hakka spine mu, referred to as Hakka, which is a tonal language in the Chinese family under the Sino-Tibetan language family, is the common language of the Hakka people of the Han nationality and one of the tools for identity identification, and is one of the seven major dialects of Chinese.

Hakka is also known as Hakka dialect in informal occasions, and can be divided into Meizhou dialect, Huiyang dialect, Yingpaisen Huizhou dialect, Heyuan dialect, Gannan dialect, Tingzhou dialect and so on according to different accents. In some areas, it is also called Tu Cantonese, Shuiyuanyin, Ya dialect, Xinmin dialect, Gehua, Huaiyuan dialect and so on. In the academic research of language, Meixian dialect is the representative, and Huiyang dialect has a great influence in reality. Taiwan is represented by the four-county dialect.

Hakka languages are mainly distributed in Meizhou, Huizhou, Heyuan, Shenzhen, and Shaoguan in Guangdong; Ganzhou in Jiangxi; Longyan and Sanming in Fujian; Hong Kong's New Territories and Taiwan's Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taoyuan and other places. The scope mainly includes southern Jiangxi, western Fujian, eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong and the east bank of the Pearl River estuary.

In terms of grammar, Hakka also has some similarities with Mandarin.

In the word order of the bad Hakka, the phenomenon of inversion is often used. For example, call a guest "Renke", "dust" as "dust", "light and heavy" as "heavy and light", and so on.

There is more overlap of monosyllabic quantifiers in Hakka than in Mandarin. For example, "day and day" is for each day, "bowl and bowl" is for each bowl, and "carrying water" is for picking up each load of water.

Hakka often uses "more" and "less" after verbs. For example, "When there are guests during the day, cook two more dishes" (if there are guests at noon, cook two more dishes). "If you say two words less, you won't lose" (if you say two words less, you won't lose to others).

In the daily colloquial language of Hakka, "tian" is also used at the end of a sentence to express the meaning of "again". For example, "sit down and add " (do it again), "eat a cup of tea and add it" (drink another cup of tea). Interestingly, in Nanhu Village, Qianxian County, Anhui Province and other places, the words spoken by the villagers are similar to Hakka.

In a local song that describes the "Waiting for Lang Song" that describes the lady missing the merchant who travels far away, there is a sentence "...Sit down and add ", which is the same as the Hakka dialect "sit down and add bright limbs". This should be an example of the Hakka dialect originating from the "Jianghuai official dialect".

In the virtual words of Hakka, "stable" is often used to mean "on". For example, "Eat and Stabilize Rice" (I am eating), "Zhu Tsering" (he is looking at a book).

In the comparative sentences of Hakka, the word "pass" is often added. For example, "today is warmer than yesterday" is said to be "today is warmer than today." "Her clothes are more beautiful than mine", said "Criticize the velvet and knock on the tomb".

Your grades are better than mine", which is said to be "your grades are better than my grades".

In dispositional sentences, Mandarin has "will" and "put" as dispositional prepositions. Whereas, Hakka only uses "will" as a preposition. For example, "I lent your books to my classmates" would be said to be "I borrowed your books and ran to my classmates".

For the formation of the Hakka people and the Hakka dialect, a very important content is the geographical environment.

The Hakka people are concentrated in the areas of Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian triangles, which are connected to each other, and the areas at the junction of the three provinces are all mountainous areas, and the traffic is closed and difficult to communicate, so it is very conducive to the formation of the Hakka people and the Hakka dialect, so that the original dialects and customs can be preserved after the integration with the aborigines.

In the long history, the Hakka people have increased their self-awareness, and they are more active and active on the social stage, so the Hakka dialect has become a tool for the exchange of ideas. According to research, the Hakka dialect has been formed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and at the same time, because the Hakka people are immigrants who moved south, the Hakka dialect retains part of the local pronunciation of the Central Plains.

It is the Hakka people who speak Hakka, and it is quite difficult for ordinary people to understand it without special learning. Hakka dialect is an important link of communication between Hakka groups in various places, but even the Hakka accents in various places are different.

The reason why the Hakka people became Hakka people, on the one hand, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the number of Hakka people has become a major social force, thus dividing into a branch of the Han nationality in this group, and at this time, the Hakka people are basically formed. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were already a large number of people, and the Hakka people had already taken shape.